豚 및 山羊 乳頭의 組織學的 考察

林鳳鎬,朴南鏞,金五南 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1977 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.12 No.-

豚의 離乳直後期의 乳頭, 泌乳靜止期의 乳頭 및 閉乳期의 乳頭와 山羊의 靜止期乳頭를 組織學的으로 考察하고 比較 檢討하였던 바 그 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 豚, 山羊의 乳頭 斷面은 大略 皮膚인 外層과 結合組織, 平滑筋織雜 및 血管 등으로 構成되어 있는 中間層과, 乳管洞과 粘膜下組織으로 되어 있는 中心層, 즉 三層으로 構成되어 있다. 2. 豚, 泌乳靜止期 乳頭는 離乳直後期 乳頭에 比해 結合組織의 增殖, 若干의 乳腺房의 退化가 있을 뿐 別 差異를 認定할 수 없었다. 閉乳期의 乳頭는 全體的인 萎縮現像이 보였고, 中間層은 基底部에 이르면서 結合組織 漸次 脂肪組織으로 轉換되어 있었다. 3. 山羊의 乳頭에서는 毛包, 皮脂腺, 大汗腺이 分布하고 있었으나 豚의 乳頭에서는 오직 分泌腺으로서는 小汗腺 뿐이었다. 4. 乳管洞은 豚에서 2個, 山羊에서 1個였으며, 豚의 乳管洞 上皮細胞는 重層立方上皮 細胞였고 山羊은 單列, 또는 2列로 配列되어 있는 圓柱上皮였다. 乳管洞은 兩者 共히 많은 추벽 이 있었으며, 離乳直後期의 경우 이 추벽은 더욱 發達하였고 閉乳期의 것은 粘膜下 組織의 增殖에 따라 突出의 程度가 其하지 안했다. 5. 豚이나 山羊에서는 사람의 Montgomery's 腺같은 乳輪腺은 發見되지 안했다. 6. 脂肪組織은 閉乳其의 豚乳頭 以外에 發見되지 안했다. 7. 乳頭의 中間層은 皮膚에서는 皮下組織, 中心層의 粘膜層에서는 粘膜下 組織에 該當되는 部位이며, 縱走나 輪走하는 平滑筋織雜와 두꺼운 壁의 動靜脈이 農富해서 乳頭의 收縮 膨脹과 關係있는 것으로 思料되었다. The teats of swine and goat were examined microscopically. Three stages of swine teat wee classified ; shortly after weaning, during resting lactation, and during involution. the teats of goat were examined only during resting lactation. The results were as follows : 1. The teats of swine and goat consisted of three layers; skin, the fibromuscular vascular middle layer, and layer of the mucosa of the lactifererous duct and canal. 2. The teats of goats possessed hair follicle, sebaceous gland and sweat gland(Glandulae sudoriferae), in contrast with these only the sweat gland was found in the teat of swine. 3. The teats of swine had two lactiferous ducts, but the goat had only one duct. The epithelium of the mucous membrane of swine lactiferous sinus was stratified cuboidal cells, and that of goat was one or two layer columnar cells. The lactiferous sinuses of swine and goat possesed more or less longitudinal folds that project to the lumen at various stages. 4. The fibromuscular vascular middle layer consisted of the connective tissues, circular and longitudinal smooth muscle fiber, and the abundant blood vessels which have thick walls. 5. No fat tissue was found in the teat of swine or goat except for the swine teats of involution. 6. In the areola, the gland known as the Montgomery's gland which is found in human was not found in either swine or goat.

초등학생의 1000m 달리기-걷기 평가방법에 관한 연구

박철호,박은경,고봉민,우상헌,안민호,차유림 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 2002 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.20 No.-

This research aims to develop a new evuluation method of endurance for elementary school students. The norm of the event of 1,000m running-walking was examined and reviewed. As a result, a new highly-valid norm for the present 1,000m running-walking was made. Among the 5th and 6th graders, 2,144 pupils were chosen. The subjects were given 1,000m running-walking and step test. The new norm led to the following results: 1. The frequency distribution of PEI according to Cajori's 5-stage evaluation method turned out to be normal for both 5th and 6th graders. In conclusion, this new norm of 1,000m running-walking is believed to provide more valid and credible scores for elementary school students. The 1,000m running-walking records and the PEI will be used as the basic data for foretelling one's endurance.

Comparison and Validation of 10 Equations Including a Novel Method for Estimation of LDL-cholesterol in a 168,212 Asian Population

Rim, John Hoon,Lee, Yong-ho,Lee, Myung Ha,Kim, Ha Yan,Choi, Jiin,Lee, Byung-Wan,Kang, Eun Seok,Lee, Hyun Chul,Kim, Jeong-Ho,Lee, Sang-Guk,Cha, Bong-Soo,Azmoudeh-Ardalan., Farid Williams & Wilkins Co 2016 Medicine Vol.95 No.14

<▼1><P>Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is frequently estimated using the empirical Friedewald equation. We compared the accuracy of the novel equation named as the 180-cell method (180-c), which estimates LDL-C using a stratification approach, to those of 9 previously suggested formulas, including the Friedewald equation.</P><P>We compared the accuracy of 10 equations by calculating intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and weighted kappa index in relation to direct LDL-C measurement values. Two independent populations used in the validation were the Severance Hospital LDL-C (SHL) registry (n = 164,358) and the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2009 to 2010 (n = 3,854), each representing the hospital patient population and the general Korean population, respectively.</P><P>The 180-c and DeLong equations showed the highest ICCs, indicating the best agreement with direct LDL-C measurement. The 180-c and Chen equations showed the highest kappa indices. For the hypertriglyceridemic subpopulation from SHL, the 180-c equation showed the best agreement with direct LDL-C measurement in terms of ICC.</P><P>We compared the novel 180-c method for LDL-C estimation with 9 previous formulas in a non-US population as the first external validation. The 180-c equation, with Chen equation, appeared to be more accurate than the Friedewald equation. Although the DeLong equation showed better performance in the hypertriglyceridemic subpopulation, the 180-c equation performed appropriately in Asian population.</P></▼2>

Efficacy and Safety of Blood Stasis Based Herbal Medicine for Patients with Traffic Accident : A Prospective Observational Study

Bong, Sung Min,Jo, Hyo Rim,Jang, Woo Seok,Choi, Seong Kyeong,Sung, Won Suk,Jung, Chan Yung,Lee, Seung Deok,Kim, Kyung Ho,Kim, Eun Jung Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2020 대한침구의학회지 Vol.26 No.5

Background: Blood stasis (BS) is commonly used for pattern identification in traumatic injuries, including traffic accidents (TAs). Various studies have identified the efficacy of Korean medicine treatments for TA patients, but studies focusing on the BS-based herbal medicine (BSHM), including Tongdo-san (TDS), are rare. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective observational study, conducted from August 24^th, 2018 to December 27^th, 2018, which included 40 TA patients. Participants underwent routine Korean medicine treatments including acupuncture, electronic moxibustion, cupping, physical therapy, and herbal medicine. In the herbal medicine treatment, participants took BSHM with more than 3 days including taking TDS. The primary outcome measures were the scores from a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) and numerical rating scale (NRS). Secondary outcome measures included scores from EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) and EQ-VAS questionnaires, the BS and cold/heat indices, and safety assessments. Results: There were significant improvements in the VAS, NRS, EQ-5D, EQ-VAS scores, and BS index after treatment. In the sub-analysis, VAS, NRS, EQ-5D, and EQ-VAS scores were higher in groups with a higher BS index. The moderate and severe BS index groups showed more improvement than the minor BS index group, and there was a significant difference in the EQ-5D scores. There was no significant differences observed in cold/heat index groups scores. Conclusion: BS is associated with TA-related symptoms. BSHM, including TDS, may significantly reduce BS, pain, and discomfort.

경쇄형 다발성 골수종 환자에서 급성 신부전으로 발현된 메산지움 증식성 사구체 신병증

신호식 ( Ho Sik Shin ),어완규 ( Wan Kyu Eo ),정연순 ( Yeon Soon Jung ),임학 ( Hark Rim ),천봉권 ( Bong Kwon Chun ),김미향 ( Mi Hyang Kim ) 대한신장학회 2005 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.24 No.4

여지전기영동법(濾紙電氣泳動法)에 의(依)한 한우(韓牛) 급(及) 돈(豚)의 정상혈청단백질분획(正常血淸蛋白質分劃)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究)

임봉호,Rim, Bong Ho 대한수의학회 1964 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.4 No.1

The ratios of cattle and swine serum proteins taken from the slaughter house were studied by Paper Electrophoresis. 1. Of 79 cattle and 53 swine, 49 cattle and 32 swine were observed in this studying as normal animals, the rest which was over 60% of albumin, globulin values and 1/2 of A/G (albumin/globulin) ratio was observed separately as abnormalities, because physiological examination was not made before slaughter. The ratios of the normal serum proteins were A (albumin) 58.8, ${\alpha}$(alpha-globulin) 13.7, ${\beta}$(beta-globulin) 11.9, ${\gamma}$(gamma-globulin) 28.6, G(total globulin) 49.2, A/G 1.03 in cattle and A 48.4, ${\alpha}$ 18.0, ${\beta}$ 13.6, ${\gamma}$ 20.0, G 51,6, A/G 0.93 in swine, the result including abnormalities showed A 45.5, ${\alpha}$ 14.8, ${\beta}$ 12.5, ${\gamma}$ 26.7, G 54.5, A/G 0.83 in cattle and A 44.5, ${\alpha}$ 19.8, ${\beta}$ 13.7, ${\gamma}$ 21.8, G 55.3, A/G 0.80 in Swine. 2. The A/G ratio of cattle and swine were 1.03 and 0.93 respectively, the A/G ratio of Korean cattle and swine are higher than the ration reported of others. Although A/G ratio of swine was below 1.00, and its value showed slightly higher than the others. The A/G ratio in this result including the abnormalities was relatively low but this ratio was higher than that values obtained by other reporters. 3. Twenty nine percent of cattles and 34 per cent of swines in this study, fluctuation of A/G ratio was great. The values of ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$ globulins thought to be influenced by the amount of total globulin except ${\beta}$-globulin in swine. To obtain more occurate results, more sample size is required, in other hand some animals that is in subclinical condition might influence the values of this study. 4. The ratios of each fraction mobility which were regarded albumin as 100 were A 100, ${\alpha}$ 73, ${\beta}$ 47, ${\gamma}$ 30 in Cattle and A 100, ${\alpha}$ 71, ${\beta}$ 46, ${\gamma}$ 30 in Swine.

Anisakiasis에 대한 조사연구(調査硏究) 특히 유충(幼蟲)의 형태학적(形態學的) 구조(構造)에 대하여

임봉호,Rim, Bong-Ho 대한수의학회 1981 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.21 No.2

1980년 9월(月)부터 1981년1월(月)까지 광주시도축장(光州市屠畜)에서 도살(屠殺)된 돈(豚)에서 검출(檢出)된 Anisakidae 유충(幼蟲)과 광주시장(光州市場)에서 구입(購入)한 고등어에서 채취(採取)한 유충(幼蟲)을 사용(使用)하여 그 충체(忠體)의 계측(計測)과 형태학적(形態學的) 구조(構造)를 관찰(觀察)하여 Anisakis I 형(型)으로 동정(同定)하게 된 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 충체(蟲體)는 골벽내(骨壁內)에 침입(侵入)하였거나 골점막면(骨粘膜面)에 부착(附着)하고 있었다. 조직내(組織內) 충체(蟲體)는 변성(變性)의 정도(程度)에 따라 그 구조(構造)의 선명도(鮮明度)에 따라 차이(差異)가 있었으며 어느 것은 명확(明確)한 구조(構造)를 나타내었으나 어느 것은 식별(識別)할 수 없을 정도(程度)로 변화(變化)했다. 2. 돈(豚)과 고등어에서 채취(採取)한 충체(蟲體)의 계측평균직(計測平均直)는 각각(各各) 체장(體長)이 18.0mm, 18.7mm, 체부(體副)이 0.30mm, 0.41mm, 식도(食道)가 1.64mm, 1.18mm, 위(胃)가 0.56mm, 0.67mm 미(尾)가 0.13mm, 0.12mm이었다. 선인(先人)의 보고(報告)에서 체장(體長)에 있어서 사람의 예(例)의 24.4mm와 해어류(海魚類)의 예(例)의 28.4mm의 것보다는 적었으나 돈(豚)의 예(例)의 17.5mm하고는 비슷하였다. 3. 두부(頭部)에 천치(穿齒(boring tooth)와 미부(尾部)에 소극(小棘)(Mucron)이 있고 장위(長胃), 단미(短尾), 순원 (純圓)의 미단등(尾端等)의 특징(特徵)은 단위(短尾), 장미(長尾), 염미단(炎尾端), 미단(尾端)에 소극(小棘)이 없는 Anisakis II 형(型)과 구별(區別)되었다. 위측실(胃側室)(ventricular appendix)과 장맹낭(腸盲囊)(intestinal caecum) 등(等)이 없는 점(點)은 Terranova larvae, Contracaecum larvae, Raphidascaris larvae 그리고 Thynnascaris larvae 등(等)과 구별(區別)되었다. 4. 충체(蟲體)의 단면(斷面)은 각피(角皮). 근층(筋層), 배선(背線), 복선(腹線), Y자형(字形) 또는 쌍엽상(雙葉狀)의 측선(側線), 배세선(排泄線), 장(陽)의 단층도주장토피세절구등은 Anisakis I 형(型)의 특징등(特徵等)을 나타내었고 이것들은 변성(變性)의 진행정도(進行程度)에 따라 다양(多樣)한 변화(變化)를 나타냈다. 5.이상의 형태학적(形態學的) 및 현미경적(顯微鏡的)관찰(觀察)로 미루어 Anisakis I 형(型)의 특 유충(幼蟲)이 확실(確實)히 인정(認定)되었다. 6. 한국(韓國), 일본(日本), 대만(臺灣)에서 돈(豚)에의 Anisakis I 형(型)의 자연감염(自然感染)의 예(例)는 한국(韓國), 일본(日本)에서 각각(各各) 2예(二例)가 있을 뿐이고 사람의 증예(症例) 한국(韓國)에서 2예(例)가 있고 일본(日本)에서는 1,000여예(餘例)가 보고되었고, 대만(臺灣)에서는 인(人), 축(畜) 공(共)히도 보고(報告)된 바 없다. The morphological and structural studios of Anisakinae larva has been carried out since Sept. of 1980. The larva were collected from naturally infested eleven swine of 1,531 examined at Kwang-Ju abattoir and from marine fishes, Somber japonicus, bought at Kwang-Ju fish market. The results observed were as follow : 1. Anisakis larva found in the stomach wall and on the surface of the mucosa were more or less degenerated. According to the progress of degeneration, the cross sections showed varied structures (Fig. 6, 7). 2. Size of the larva both from swine and fishes were measured respectively in average(mm); 18.0 and 18.7 in body length, 0.30 and 0.41 in body width, 1.64 and 1.68 in esophagus(muscular-part), 0.56 and 0.67 in ventriculus (glandular part), and 0.13 and 0.12 in tail. It was notable that body length of the larva in this present data, 18.0mm and 1.87mm, were shorter than those in previous dada, 24.3mm from human cases and 28.4mm from, however, the present data were almost similar to the data, 1.75mm, from swine case. 3. The Boring tooth, Mucron, long ventriculus and short round tail were observed in the larva of this present study. These structures were differentiated from Anisakis type II larvae which was provided with short ventriculus, and conical and tapering tall without mucron. 4. The ventricular appendix and intestnal caecum were not present in the larva. These might be differentiated from other Anisakidae larva such as Terranova larvae, Contracaecum larvae, Raphidascaris larvae and Thynnascaris larvae. 5. The findings through the histological observation were a pair of Y-shaped or butterfly-shaped lateal chords, ventral and dorsal chords, excretory(Renette) cell, high columnar epithelial cells of digestive tract and muscle cells. These morphological characteristics revealed varied features in the structures in the degenerative degree of the larva in the stomach wall. 6. The above-mentioned characteristics of the larva observed could be indentified as Anisakis type I larvae. 7. The reports on natural infestation of domestic animal with Anisakis type I larvae were two swine cases in Korea and Japan respectively, On the other hand two human cases of the larva were reported in Korea and more than one thousand cases in Japan. In Twiwan no reports of human and domestic animal cases could be found.

혈청단백질분획(血淸蛋白質分劃)에 대한 연구(硏究) (I, II)

임봉호,Rim, Bong Ho 대한수의학회 1965 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.5 No.1

I. A Comparison of Sodium Sulfate Precipitation and Zone(Paper, Agar) Electrophoresis; Many kinds of techniques have been used for fractionating serum proteins. In the present study, using bovine serum, the fractions obtained with sodium sulfate were compared with those determined by zone electrophoresis. 1. Fibrinogen was precipitated with 4 to 10 percent of sodium sulfate. 2. ${\gamma}$-globulin required 10 to 16 percent of the salt for precipitation. 3. ${\beta}$-globulin began to precipitate at 12 percent sodium sulfate, and completed precipitation at approximately 26 percent in paper electrophoresis, while at 22 percent in agar electrophoresis. 4. ${\alpha}$-globulin completed precipitation at 13 to 28 percent sodium sulfate in paper electrophoresis and at 22 percent in agar electrophoresis. 5. Albumin began to precipitate at 14 percent of the salt, and was free from the mixture of globulins approximately at 28 percent in paper electrophoresis, while at 22 percent in agar electrophoresis. The results of comparing fractions by the two methods were as follows: 1. Euglobulin (15%) was equal to the sum of the most ${\gamma}$-globulin and a small quantity of the ${\alpha}$-, and ${\beta}$-globulins. 2. Pseudoglobulin I (15-17.5%) corresponded to the most ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-globulins and a small quantity of albumin. 3. Pseudoglobulin II(18-22%) was a mixture of the ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-globulins and albumin fraction. 4. Albumin (above 22%) contained the most albumin fraction separated by zone electrophoresis and a small quantity of the ${\alpha}$-, and ${\beta}$-globulins. As mentioned above the fractions obtained with sodium sulfate were a mixture of the various proportion of the fractions determined by zone electrophoresis. The solubility of serum fractions to sodium sulfate coincided with the mobility of those by zone electrophoresis. (By percent of sodium sulfate we mean gram of sodium sulfate contained in $100m{\ell}$ of solution). II. Immunological Studies on Serum Protein Fractions with Sodium Sulfate; In the previous report the fractions of bovine serum protein with sodium sulfate compared with those obtained by zone electrophoresis, and the findings were that the former contained various proportion components of the latter. In this study the author studied whether or not the fractions with sodium sulfate are simple component antigenically by immunoelectrophoresis and micro double diffusion test (Immuno-precipitation), using rabbit antiserum to bovine serum. In immunoelectrophoresis, normal bovine serum developed with rabbit antibovine serum showed about ten distinct precipitin arcs. The distribution of these arcs was as follows: 1 albumin, 2 ${\alpha}_1$-, 3 ${\alpha}_2$-, 2 ${\beta}_1$-, ${\beta}_2$-, and 1 ${\gamma}$-globulin (Fig. 7, 9). In micro double diffusion test, five to six precipitation bands could be seen between antigens and antibody, the order of the precipitation bands location is albumin, ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, and ${\gamma}$-globulin from the side of antiserum well (Fig.19). Frequently the ${\alpha}$-, and ${\beta}$-precipitation bands were separated into two or three precipitation bands, which indicated that these globuline are not a pure component antigenically as shown in immuno-electrophoresis. In both Immunological methods, the two ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-precipitin arcs and bands appeared clear and strong, indicating that the two globulins reacted as strong antigens. The precipitate reaction of ${\gamma}$-globulin was shown at 12 to 16 percent sodium sulfate; ${\beta}$-globulin at 12 to 20 percent; ${\alpha}$-globulin at 12 to 22 percent (immuno-electrophoresis), at 12 to 26 percent (Dif

Increased Right Ventricular Pressure as a Predictor of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis

Kim Bong-Joon,Kim Soo-Jin,Im Sung-Il,Kim Hyun-Su,Heo Jung-Ho,Shin Ho Sik,Kim Ye Na,Jung Yeonsoon,Rim Hark 대한심부전학회 2022 International Journal of Heart Failure Vol.4 No.3

Background and Objectives Many patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) have reduced vascular compliance and are likely to develop heart failure (HF). This study aimed to determine the factors associated with acute decompensation events among ESRD patients undergoing HD. Methods We retrospectively investigated ESRD patients on HD using a medical record review. We divided the patients into those admitted to hospital due to acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and those who were not. We compared the medical histories, electrocardiograms, and echocardiographic and laboratory data between the two groups. Results Of the 188 ESRD patients on HD, 87 were excluded, and 101 were enrolled (mean age: 63.7 years; 52.1% male). Thirty patients (29.7%) were admitted due to ADHF. These patients exhibited similar left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular (LV) mass index, and E/E′ values compared to the non-ADHF group. However, the ADHF group exhibited significantly higher tricuspid regurgitation (TR) jet velocity (2.9±0.6 vs. 2.5±0.4 m/s; p=0.004) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) (43.5±17.2 vs. 34.2±9.9 mmHg; p=0.009) than the non-ADHF group, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the TR jet velocity (odds ratio, 8.356; 95% confidence interval, 1.806–38.658; p=0.007) was an independent predictor of ADHF after adjusting for age and sex, while the LVEF and E/E′ were not. Conclusions Our data showed that an increased TR jet velocity was an independent predictor of ADHF events in ESRD patients on HD, but the LVEF and E/E′ were not. Background and Objectives Many patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) have reduced vascular compliance and are likely to develop heart failure (HF). This study aimed to determine the factors associated with acute decompensation events among ESRD patients undergoing HD. Methods We retrospectively investigated ESRD patients on HD using a medical record review. We divided the patients into those admitted to hospital due to acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and those who were not. We compared the medical histories, electrocardiograms, and echocardiographic and laboratory data between the two groups. Results Of the 188 ESRD patients on HD, 87 were excluded, and 101 were enrolled (mean age: 63.7 years; 52.1% male). Thirty patients (29.7%) were admitted due to ADHF. These patients exhibited similar left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular (LV) mass index, and E/E′ values compared to the non-ADHF group. However, the ADHF group exhibited significantly higher tricuspid regurgitation (TR) jet velocity (2.9±0.6 vs. 2.5±0.4 m/s; p=0.004) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) (43.5±17.2 vs. 34.2±9.9 mmHg; p=0.009) than the non-ADHF group, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the TR jet velocity (odds ratio, 8.356; 95% confidence interval, 1.806–38.658; p=0.007) was an independent predictor of ADHF after adjusting for age and sex, while the LVEF and E/E′ were not. Conclusions Our data showed that an increased TR jet velocity was an independent predictor of ADHF events in ESRD patients on HD, but the LVEF and E/E′ were not.

Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry와 Headspace-Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry를 이용한 제주산 민트 에센셜오일 성분 분석

현호봉 ( Ho Bong Hyun ),부경환 ( Kyung Hwan Boo ),강혜림 ( Hye Rim Kang ),김소미,( Somi Kim Cho ) 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.58 No.2

Compositions of essential oils extracted from mint herb such as Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata, and Mentha × piperita var. citrate produced in Jeju were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and headspace- GC-MS (HS-GC-MS). By the GC-MS analysis, 13 compounds were tentatively identified in Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata, and Mentha × piperita var. citrate, respectively. Peperitenone oxide, carvone, and linalool were detected as major compounds in Mentha piperita, in Mentha spicata, in Mentha × piperita var. citrate, respectively, based on the ratio of peak intensity in the total ion chromatogram. The greater number of compounds, including volatile alcohols and acetates were identified by HSGC- MS than by GC-MS in these all three essential oils. Similarpatterns of composition were detected in both Mentha spicata and Mentha × piperita var. citrate by either one of GC-MS methods. However, in case of Mentha piperita, L-(-)-menthol, which was identified as the major compound by HS-GC-MS was detected in dramatically reduced quantity by GC-MS. Interestingly, we found that both linalyl acetate and linalool were identified as the dominant compounds in the essential oil of Mentha × piperita var. citrate.