http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
자동착유시스템 설치농가의 설치 후 만족도에 관한 실태조사
기광석,김종형,정영훈,김윤호,박성재,김상범,이왕식,이현준,조원모,백광수,김현섭,권응기,김완영,여준모,Ki, Kwang-Seok,Kim, Jong-Hyeong,Jeong, Young-Hun,Kim, Yun-Ho,Park, Sung-Jai,Kim, Sang-Bum,Lee, Wang-Shik,Lee, Hyun-June,Cho, Won-Mo,Baek, Kwang- 한국축산환경학회 2011 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.17 No.1
본 시험은 국내에 도입되기 시작한 AMS에 대하여 설치 동기, 설치 후 우유생산량과우유품질, AMS 설치계기 및 설치 후 만족도, AMS 운영상 애로점 및 건의사항 등을 조사 분석하였다. 설치 계기가 무엇인가에 대한 응답비율은 노동력 부족 44%, 체험목장으로 전환 25%, 소들의 고능력화에 대응 19% 순이었으며 기타 6%였다. AMS 설치농가의 사육경력은 평균 24.9년, 평균 연령은 53.2세로 나타났으며 가족노동력만으로 경영하는 목장이 조사농가의 38%, 고용+자가노동력 형태의 목장이 63%로 나타났다. 목장의 산유능력은 두당 평균 유량은 1일 $30.9{\ell}$, 평균 유지율 3.9%, 세균수는 9.1천개/$m{\ell}$ 수준이었다. 후계자 육성에 대한 질문에 매우 그렇다라고 응답한 비율은 68%였으며, 보통 18%, 아니다와 매우 아니다라고 응답한 비율은 18%로 나타났다. 시스템 운영현황 및 애로사항을 파악하기 위하여 AMS의 프로그램 주운영자에 대한 질문에 본인 44%, 부인 6%, 자녀 또는 후계자사람이 44%, 기타 6%나 되었다. AMS 운영상 가장 어려운 점에 대한 조사결과, 기기 작동 및 복잡한 프로그램 운영이 각각 31%로 가장 많았다. 그 외 기계 에러 및 고장에 대한 애로사항이 25%이였다. 도태원인에 대하여 유방염 28%, 번식장애 20%, 발굽질환 19%, AMS에 부적합한 유두 배열 12%, 분만 후 대사성질병 7%, 노산 등 기타 14%였다. 시스템 설치 후 유지보수 계약 체결유무 및 비용에 대하여 유지보수 계약 56%, 유지 보수 계약 미체결 44%이었다. 유지보수 계약 평균 계약비용은 연간 658만원 정도였다. 시스템 설치 후 항목별 만족도에 대하여 5점 만점에 3.9점이었으며, 노동력 절감 3.7점, 업체의 A/S 3.6점, 산유량 증가 3.2점, 원유의 체세포 수 저감 2.8점이었다. 시스템 설치 시 고려사항 및 건의사항에 대하여 고가의 장비를 효율적으로 사용하기 위하여 젖소의 유방과 유두 배열이 적합하도록 젖소를 선발하는 것, 시스템을 운용할 수 있는 능력, 적합한 환경, 재정적 능력과 부지 확보, 지속적인 관찰 등이 권장되어야 할 것으로 나타났으며, 설치 업체에 대해서는 컨설팅이 체계화될 필요가 가장 높게 나타났으며 이어서 보다 저렴한 설치와 서비스의 체계화를 요구하는 결과를 보였다. The present survey was conducted to provide basic information on automatic milking system (AMS) in relation to purchase motive, milk yield and quality, customer satisfaction, difficulties of operation and customer suggestions, etc. Purchase motives of AMS were insufficient labor (44%), planning of dairy experience farm (25%), better performance of high yield cows (19%) and others (6%), respectively. Average cow performance after using AMS was 30.9l/d for milk yield, 3.9% for milk fat, 9,100/ml for bacterial counts. Sixty-eight percentage of respondents were very positive in response to AMS use for their successors but 18% were negative. The AMS operators were owner (44%), successor (44%), wife (6%) and company worker (6%), respectively. The most difficulty (31%) in using AMS was operating the system and complicated program manual. The rate of response to system error and breakdown was 25%. The reasons for culling cow after using AMS were mastitis (28%), reproduction failure (19%), incorrect teat placement (12%), metabolic disease (7%) and others (14%), respectively. Fifty-six percentages of the respondents made AMS maintenance contract and 44% did not. Average annual cost of the maintenance contract was 6,580,000 won. Average score for AMS satisfaction measurement (1 to 5 range) was 3.2 with decrease of labor cost 3.7, company A/S 3.6, increase of milk yield 3.2 and decrease of somatic cell count 2.8, respectively. Suggestions for the higher efficiency in using AMS were selecting cows with correct udder shape and teat placement, proper environment, capital and land, and attitude for continuous observation. Systematic consulting was highly required for AMS companies followed by low cost for AMS setup and systematization of A/S.
A case of nevus comedonicus occurred along Blaschko`s line
( Won Kyung Lee ),( So Hee Park ),( Do Hyeong Kim ),( In Ho Park ),( Jeong Nan Kang ),( Jung Eun Seol ),( Hyojin Kim ),( Ho Suk Sung ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.1
A 13-year-old male presented with linearly-clustered erythematous to hypopigmented patches with comedones on his left arm. The lesions were occurred at birth and spread linearly over time. With histopathologic examination, nevus comedonicus was diagnosed. Nevus comedonicus is a rare kind of epidermal nevus that hamartomatously differentiated from pilosebaceus unit. appears as dilated hair follicles filled with hyperkeratotic plug mimicking comedone. It usually occurs on the face and neck and can show various patterns. One of patterns is blaschkoid arrangement. Blaschko’s line is dorso-ventral migratory pathways of the neuroectoderm during embryogenesis, and epidermal nevi including nevus comedonicus can occurred along the line. But there were few reports of nevus comedonicus distributed along Blaschko’s line in Korean dermatologic literatures. Herein, we report a rare case of nevus comedonicus along Blaschko’s line.
Park, Jun-Hyeong,Ahn, Ji-Won,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Son, Youn-Suk Elsevier 2019 Chemical Engineering Journal Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Despite worldwide effort, most electric power is still generated by the combustion of fossil fuel. Among the various combustion exhaust gases, SO<SUB>2</SUB> and NOx can exert adverse effects on the human health and environment in both direct and indirect ways. However, their conventional removal technologies (e.g., flue gas desulfurization (FGD: wet, semi-dry, dry), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR)) are often restricted to treat only a single target due to several disadvantages (e.g., high capital cost, low efficiency, and waste by-products (including acidic pollutant)). As a means to overcome these drawbacks, electron beam (EB) technology has been developed over the past four decades. A wide range of EB-related research has been undertaken from laboratory to pilot plant scale in Japan, Germany, US, Saudi Arabia, and Bulgaria, while EB flue gas treatment technology has been developed into industrial scale plant in China, Japan, and Poland. EB is well-known for simultaneous removal of SO<SUB>2</SUB> and NOx while producing useful by-products (e.g., fertilizer). In this review, the theoretical background of EB technology is described with respect to the removal of SO<SUB>2</SUB> and NOx from the flue gas based on the lab, pilot plant, and industrial plant. We also discuss the new EB hybrid technology proposed to overcome the problems associated with the stand-alone EB process. Finally, this review addresses the current status and limitations of EB technology along with its prospects.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Electron beam (EB) technology is a very useful process to control simultaneously SO<SUB>2</SUB> and NOx. </LI> <LI> This review paper is study of EB flue gas treatment technology around the world. </LI> <LI> Limitations of stand-alone EB technology such as high power costs. </LI> <LI> To overcome this, introduction of various hybrid technologies. </LI> </UL> </P>
Park, Chan-Young,Heo, Won-Do,Yoo, Jae-Hyuk,Lee, Ju-Huck,Kim, Min-Chul,Chun, Hyun-Jin,Moon, Byeong-Cheol,Kim, Ihn-Hyeong,Park, Hyeong-Cheol,Choi, Man-Soo,Ok, Hyun-Mi,Cheong, Mi-Sun,Lee, Sang-Min,Kim, H Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2004 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2004 No.-
Plants produce numerous calmodulin isoforms that exhibit differential gene expression patterns and sense different Ca^(2+)signals. This diversity results in different physiological responses to particular stimuli. GmCaM-4 and -5 are two divergent calmodulin isoforms from the soybean (Glycine max) that have been reported to be involved in plant disease resistance. However, little is known about the pathway by which these specific isoforms transduce the defense signal and up-regulate pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Here we report that overexpression of GmCaM-4/-5 induces constitutive PR gene expression and enhances disease resistance in wild-type Arabidopsis, but not in the nim1 mutant of Arabidopsis. GmCaM-4/-5 also appear to activate trans-acting elements that bind to cis-acting elements in the Arabidopsis PR-1 promoter. Thus up-regulation of PR genes by these GmCaM isoforms is dependent on NIM1 (Non immunity 1) and unknown transcription factors.
Park, Ji-Won,Kwon, Ok-Kyoung,Jang, Ha-young,Jeong, Hyeok,Oh, Sei-Ryang,Lee, Hyeong-Kyu,Han, Sang-Bae,Ahn, Kyung-Seop Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 INFLAMMATION Vol.35 No.1
<P>The biological activity of Wercklea insignis (WI) in inflammation and the underlying mechanisms of action of extracts of this plant are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a WI methanolic extract on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammation in the mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. A WI methanolic extract significantly inhibited NO, PGE(2), IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were suppressed by the extract at both the mRNA and protein levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. Additionally, the attenuation of inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells by the WI extract was closely associated with suppression of phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) molecules, including ERK, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPK and translocation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 subunit into the nucleus. The effect of WI extract was investigated against carrageenan-induced paw edema in female (20-25 g). Our results collectively indicate that the WI extract inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway in macrophages, supporting use of the extract as a therapeutic anti-inflammatory treatment.</P>
Visual Feature Extraction Technique for Content-Based Image Retrieval
Park, Won-Bae,Song, Young-Jun,Kwon, Heak-Bong,Ahn, Jae-Hyeong Korea Multimedia Society 2004 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.7 No.12
This study has proposed visual-feature extraction methods for each band in wavelet domain with both spatial frequency features and multi resolution features. In addition, it has brought forward similarity measurement method using fuzzy theory and new color feature expression method taking advantage of the frequency of the same color after color quantization for reducing quantization error, a disadvantage of the existing color histogram intersection method. Experiments are performed on a database containing 1,000 color images. The proposed method gives better performance than the conventional method in both objective and subjective performance evaluation.