Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라(Hae Na Ra Shin),신영민(Young Min Shin),김지혜(Ji Hye Kim),윤재호(Jae Ho Yun),박병국(Byung Kook Park),안병태(Byung Tae Ahn) 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an Na₂S layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the Na₂S underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at 350°C and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without Na₂S layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라,신영민,김지혜,윤재호,박병국,안병태,Shin, Hae Na Ra,Shin, Young Min,Kim, Ji Hye,Yun, Jae Ho,Park, Byung Kook,Ahn, Byung Tae 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an $Na_2S$ layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the $Na_2S$ underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at $350^{\circ}C$ and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without $Na_2S$ layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

엉겅퀴 뿌리 물 추출물의 류마티스 관절염 동물 모델에 대한 개선 효과

노종현(Jong Hyun Nho),이현주(Hyeun Joo Lee),이에나(E Na Lee),우경완(Kyeong Wan Woo),장지훈(Ji Hun Jang),김선라(Sun Ra Kim),조현우(Hyun Woo Cho),노세응(Se Eung Noh),정호경(Ho Kyung Jung) 한국약용작물학회 2020 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.28 No.6

Background: The roots of Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense (RCJ) have been used as traditional medicine in Korea for hematuria and hematemesis. These extracts exert anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects by scavenging for free radical and regulating the inflammatory response. However, the effect of RCJ on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not been elucidated. Thus, we evaluated the water extract of RCJ (WRCJ) using type II collagen-induced RA models. Methods and Results: RA was induced by immunization with type II collagen. All experimental materials were orally administered daily for three weeks. The positive control group was administered with 0.2 ㎎/㎏ methotrexate (n = 7), while the experimental group was administered with WRCJ (100 or 500 ㎎/㎏, n = 7). Serum levels of TNF-alpha, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and type II collagen IgG (CII) were measured using ELISA. Administration of 500 ㎎/㎏ WRCJ decreased the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and CII. Moreover, WRCJ treatment diminished swelling of hind legs and infiltration of inflammatory cells in RA models’ synovial membrane. Conclusions: These results indicate that WRCJ could improve RA, reduce inflammatory indicators and synovial inflammation. However, further experiments are required to determine how WRCJ can influence the signal transduction pathway in RA.

Network Analysis을 이용한 류마티스관절염 활액 대식세포에서 유전자 발현 연구

지종대 ( Jong Dae Ji ),김태환 ( Tae Hwan Kim ),이빛나라 ( Bit Na Ra Lee ),최성재 ( Sung Jae Choi ),이영호 ( Young Ho Lee ),송관규 ( Gwan Gyu Song ) 대한류마티스학회 2011 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Objective. We wanted to investigate the mechanisms that could account for the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, so we examined the different expressions of the genes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid macrophages as compared with that of normal peripheral blood (PB) monocyte-derived macrophages using microarray and bioinformatic analysis. Methods. We examined the expression of genes by using a gene expression oligonucleotide microarray. The differences of the gene expressions between the RA synovial macrophages and the normal PB monocytes-derived macrophages were analyzed using bioinformatic tools, including cytoscape and its plugin. Results. In this study, we found that 899 genes (464 genes up-regulated and 435 genes down-regulated) were differentially expressed between the two groups. Among the 899 genes, 552 genes were included for gene ontology analysis and network analysis. Based on biological process ontology, they were categorised mainly into immune response processes, responses to stimulus and signaling and regulation of biological processes. In addition to the genes related with STAT1 and AP-1 signaling, we found that the genes involved in the antigen processing and the cell cycle are abundantly expressed in RA synovial macrophages, suggesting that these genes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA. Conclusion. Our study suggest that this approach using integration of the gene expression profile with the protein interaction data may help to find several important pathogenic mechanisms in RA.

자생 및 재배 큰비쑥의 이화학적 특성 비교

강보라(Bo Ra Kang),김은희(Eun Hee Kim),김연경(Yeon Kyoung Kim),김아현(Ah Hhyun Kim),오규연(Gyu Yeon Oh),박유민(Yoo Min Park),조아현(Ah Hyeon Jo),나환식(Hwan Sik Na),신미영(Mi Yeong Shin),안양준(Yang Joon An),조정용(Jeong Yong Cho),이소 한국식품저장유통학회 2024 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.31 No.2

국화과에 속하는 큰비쑥은 ‘갯쑥’으로도 알려져 있는 염생식물로서 생물학적 이용 가능성이 높은 2차 대사산물이 풍부할 것으로 기대되며, 항염, 항산화, 미백효과 등 다양한 생리 활성이 있다고 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 큰비쑥을 경쟁력 있는 작물로써 이용성을 높이고자 생장 환경별 총폴리페놀 함량, 라디칼 소거능, 무기질 함량, 중금속 및 잔류농약을 분석하였다. 총폴리페놀은 가장 높은 함량을 보인 자생 성숙잎을 제외하고는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나(p<0.05), ABTS 및 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 자생잎보다 재배잎에서 높은 활성을 보였다. 이는 폴리페놀 화합물의 구조적 요인이나 폴리페놀 화합물 이외의 영양성분들이 라디칼 소거능에 복합적으로 작용한 결과로 판단된다. 무기질 중 Na 함량은 자생 어린잎이 가장 높았으나, Na을 제외한 총 무기질 함량은 재배잎이 자생잎보다 높았다. K 및 Ca 함량은 자생잎보다 재배잎이 높았다. 큰비쑥 4종의 안전성을 알아보기 위해 중금속을 분석한 결과, Pb, Cd, As, Hg이 검출되었으나, 엽채류 식약처 고시 기준인 Pb 0.3 mg/kg, Cd 0.2 mg/kg보다 낮은 수준으로 나타났고 전반적으로 재배잎이 자생잎보다 낮게 측정되었다. 잔류농약은 큰비쑥 4종에서 검출되지 않아 안전하다고 판단된다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통해 재배 큰비쑥은 전라남도 해안지역 자생 큰비쑥과 비교하여 큰 차이가 없어 재배잎을 육종하여 대량생산한다면 이용 가능성이 높은 품종으로 활용 가능하다고 판단된다. Artemisia fukudo Makino belongs to the Asteraceae family, is a halophyte that can grow in salinity soils and is known for its various physiological activities. However, few studies were comparing it according to the growth environment. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the antioxidant activity, functional ingredients, and safety of Artemisia fukudo Makino according to the growth environment. Total polyphenol content was the highest in native mature leaves, but 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was higher in cultivated leaves than in native leaves. The total mineral content, excluding sodium, was higher in cultivated than in native leaves. The content of potassium and calcium was higher in cultivated leaves than in native leaves. In addition, heavy metal analysis showed that cultivated leaves were generally lower than those of native leaves. Residual pesticides were not detected in all samples. In conclusion, since there is no significant difference in cultivated leaves compared to native leaves, it was judged that cultivated leaves could be used as a variety to be grown and mass-produced.

Nematicidal and egg‐hatching inhibition activities of Kaempferia galanga rhizome‐derived materials and constituents toward root‐knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)

Tae‐Kyun Hong,Kym‐Na‐Ra Hwang,Jun‐Ran Kim,Young‐Joon Ahn 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

The toxicity of Kaempferia galanga rhizome materials and constituents against Meloidogyne incognita second‐stage juveniles (J2) and eggs were examined. The active principles of K. galanga rhizome were identified as the phenylpropanoids ethyl (E)‐cinnamate (EC, 1) and ethyl (E)‐p‐methoxycinnamate (EMC, 2) by spectroscopic analysis. Results were compared with those of carbofuran, fosthiazate, and metam‐sodium. In direct‐contact mortality bioassay, EC (LC50, 0.037 mg/ml) was the most toxic constituent, followed by EMC (0.041 mg/ml). EC was more effective than carbofuran (LC50, 0.092 mg/ml) but less active than fosthiazate (0.002 mg/ml). EC, egg hatch was inhibited 100, 93, and 87% at 125, 62.5, and 31.25 μg/ml, respectively. EMC caused 100, 81, and 75% inhibition of egg hatch at 125, 62.5, and 31.25 μg/ml, respectively. The inhibition of two phenylpropanoids were similar or more inhibition to that of either carbofuran or metam‐sodium but was lower than that of fosthiazate. In contact + fumigant mortality bioassay, EC and EMC treatments resulted in 86 and c 73% mortality at 0.5 and 0.125 mg/g soil, respectively. The lethality of these phenylpropanoids was almost similar to that of either carbofuran or metam‐sodium but was lower than that of fosthiazate. In vapor‐phase mortality bioassay, EC and EMC were more effective in closed container than open containers, indicating that the mode of delivery of these compounds was, in part, a result of vapor action. K. galanga rhizome‐derived materials, merit further study as potential nematicides and hatching inhibitors for the control of M. incognita populations.

反應性染料에 의한 綿織物의 捺染에 關한 硏究

李年純,朴惠羅,羅美香 영남대학교 자원문제연구소 1991 資源問題硏究 Vol.10 No.-

In order to investgate the change of dye adsorption and printing effect by alkali concentration steaming time, and dyeing paste, cotton fabric was printed with the reactive dyes. The results are as follows : 1. The most effect of dye adsorption showed at 0.5% Na2CO₃to dyeing paste for C. I. Reactive Blue28 and 1% Na2CO₃for Blue 198. 2. The effect of dye adsorption was practically unchanged according to the increase of steaming time for printing was 10 min. 3. The most effect of printing showed at 3% paste to dyeing paste. 4. The colorfastness to laundering of each dye was excellent and the lightfastness was good, but the colorfastness to perspiration was poor more or less. 5. It was found that the colorfastness was not influenced by alkali concentration and steaming time.

하이퍼 파라미터 최적화 기법을 적용한 이상 거래 탐지 시스템

이원준(Won-Joon Lee),서민혜(Min-Hye Seo),신나라(Na-Ra Shin) 대한전자공학회 2021 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6

This paper proposes new Fraud Detection System with Hyper-parameter Optimization to develop for the limitations of existing FDS. We use Hyper-parmeter Optimization Algorithm that Naïve Evolution Algorithm(based Genetic Algorithm) and Tree-structured Parzen Estimator Algorithm(based Bayesian Optimization Algorithm). The main result of this study is TPE Algorithm shows better AUPRC values in less time than the Naïve Evolution Algorithm on two FDS Data Sets. The contribution of this paper is the improvement of FDS with HPO algorithm.

An Efficient Conversion of Aldoximes into Nitriles Using N, N-Diphenylcarbamoyl Chloride

이나라,이재인 德成女子大學校 1996 德成女大論文集 Vol.26 No.-

The reaction of aldoximes and N, N-diphenylcarbamoyl chloride with DBU afforded to give the corresponding nitriles in high yields. Among the bases and the solvents for the dehydration of aldoximes, DBU and acetonitrile were found to be the most effective. The dehydration of aldoximes was considered to proceed via the intermediacy of the oxime carbamate and the dehydration of benzaldoximes having electron withdrawing group proceeded faster.

사회과 세계시민교육을 위한 교수-학습 방안 : 세계적 문제에 대한 민감성 함양을 중심으로

김경은,이나라 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2012 교과교육학연구 Vol.16 No.1

세계화가 진행됨에 따라 이에 따른 상황에 대처하고 발생되는 문제들을 해결하는데 참여하는 자질을 함양하기 위한 세계시민교육이 요청되고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 학교 현장에서는 일회적 성격을 띤 타문화에 대한 체험활동, 세계적 이슈에 대한 인지적 내용의 학습이 주를 이루고 있어 해당 교육 목표를 달성하는데 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 학교에서 쉽게 활용 가능하고, 세계와 소통하며 공동체 발전에 참여하는 시민의 자질 함양에 유용한 교수-학습 방안을 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 사회과 세계시민교육의 의미를 재고찰하고 우리나라에서 진행되고 있는 세계시민교육의 현황과 문제점을 분석하였다. 분석 결과를 토대로 교수-학습 방안을 개발하였다. 더불어 실제 활용될 수 있는 중학교 사회 수업 예시를 제시하였다. 기존 문헌에 대한 분석 결과, 세계시민교육의 의미를 고려했을 때 우리나라의 세계시민교육의 주된 문제점 중의 하나는 학생들의 실질적인 태도 배양과 참여를 이끌어내지 못한다는 점이었다. 이에 지식과 실천간 연계 가능성에 초점을 둔 세계적 문제에 대한 민감성 함양을 위한 교수-학습 방안을 개발하였다. 개발된 교수-학습 방안은 ‘세계와 나 관계 맺기, 문제에 대해 이해하고 공감하기, 해결방안 모색하기, 자기 평가’의 총 4단계로 구성되었다. 더불어 해당 교수-학습 방안에 기초한 중학교 사회 수업 사례(세계적 경제문제, 환경문제)를 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to suggest teaching and learning methods for social studies global education. To achieve this aim, we first reexamined the meaning of global education and analyzed the current situation and problems associated with it in Korea. Second, we developed a basic format and steps for a model based on the analyzed results. Third, we propose teaching and learning methods for promoting sensitivity to global problems. In addition, we present lesson plans which could be used for social studies instruction in middle schools. We ascertained that the current global education program was not useful in fostering global citizenship, especially with respect to attitudes such as participation. We, therefore, designed a teaching and learning methodology focusing on the connection between knowledge and practice, and sensitivity to global issues. The developed model is composed of four steps. The first step is to relate world and the self, the second is to understand various aspects of global issues, the third is to discover solutions, and the last step is self-evaluation. We introduce two lesson plans that were applied to this model. One of them is about world economic problems and the other is about environmental problems.