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鄭民煥,李錫南,朴昌植,丁小鳳,金成根 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 1978 體育學論文集 Vol.6 No.-
In the result of the research on the interests to the physical strength code system of boy high school (Comparison) of advancing to higher education and nonadvancing to higher education), it was possible to deduce the following conclusion and the suggestions from the theoretical background and the assumptions mentioned above forwarded by this research. 1. The understanding in the system of P.S.C. in inefficient. 2. The system failed to provide to one's strengh buiding 3. The training for P.S.C. is always not practiced consistently but being exercised on the immediate of inspection. 4. The understanding on the itemized purpose of its inspection is relatively low. 5. The inspection has something to do with the entrance examination and conderned because of the directive score points. 6. The inspection system failed to show a fairness and a lot of contradictions have been pointed out in the course of its execution. 7. In a comparison of advancing to higher education and nonadvanoing to higher education, the latter has not considered a special necessity. 8. The relative importance for the entrance examination by current inspection of P.S. has shown as fitted one. 9. It is not well comed to practice only in the training of P.S.C. at the assigned time to P.S. From the above conclusion, the following suggestions are required. 1. It is required that the system of P.S.C. is to be equally alotted to the all physical curriculum so that the guidance with the possitive plans be undertaken in the ordinal time. 2. It should not be limited of the system of P.S.C. in reflecting to the result of entrance examination for the boys of advancing to higher educations, and but considered in the dimension of national aspects, and the systematic backing policy enabling to exercise with a interest to the system of P.S.C even for the group of non-advancing for higher education be necessary. 3. A objectivity making the inspection thorough and correct in the course of execution, of the system of P.S.C. is required. 4. The fairness of inspection should be maintained by a sufficient training in advance for the staffs of the physical strength inspection and the inconsistencies should be developed. 5. The items of sport(Swiming, physical exercise, shooting etc.) beside the items of current P.S. inspection is recommended to be added. In the end, by strengthening the grade of current P.S. inspection, it is necessary to let people know that it Is very hard to get a special grade without a consistent effort in ordinary day.
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Lee, N.R.,Park, B.S.,Kim, S.Y.,Gu, A.,Kim, D.H.,Lee, J.S.,Kim, I.S. Saunders Scientific Publications, W.B. Saunders ; 2016 Cytokine Vol.86 No.-
Dysregulation of neutrophil apoptosis causes pathogenesis and aggravation of allergy. S100A9 exists as one of the proteins in the neutrophils, triggering inflammatory responses by activating the immune cells. In this study, we investigated whether S100A9 affects constitutive neutrophil apoptosis by activating the monocytes in normal and allergic subjects. Supernatant from human monocytic THP-1 cells after treatment with S100A9 suppressed normal neutrophil apoptosis by inhibiting the activations of caspase 9 and caspase 3. S100A9 upregulated the release of MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 in THP-1 cells. An increase in cytokine was suppressed by CLI-095, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 inhibitor, PP2, a Src inhibitor, rottlerin, a PKCδ inhibitor, MAP kinase inhibitors, including PD98059, SB202190, and SP600125, and BAY-11-7085, an NF-κB inhibitor. Src, PKCδ, ERK½, p38 MAPK, and JNK were phosphorylated by S100A9. The phosphorylation of Src and PKCδ was suppressed by CLI-095, and the activation of ERK½, p38 MAPK, and JNK was inhibited by CLI-095, PP2, and rottlerin. S100A9 induced NF-κB activity, and the activation was suppressed by CLI-095, PP2, rottlerin, and MAPK kinase inhibitors. In normal and allergic subjects, supernatant from normal and allergic monocytes after stimulation with S100A9 suppressed normal and allergic neutrophil apoptosis, respectively; MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 in the supernatant was increased by S100A9. The cytokine secretion induced by S100A9 is related to TLR4, Src, PKCδ, ERK½, p38 MAPK, JNK, and NF-κB. Taken together, S100A9 induces anti-apoptotic effect on normal and allergic neutrophils by increasing cytokine secretion of monocytes. These findings may help us to better understand neutrophil apoptosis regulated by S100A9 and pathogenesis of allergic diseases.
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Adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate on cleaning of an N-polar GaN surface in an alkaline solution
Kim, M.S.,Paluvai, N.R.,Kim, H.T.,Park, J.G. Elsevier 2017 Materials science & engineering. B, Advanced funct Vol.222 No.-
<P>The present study investigated the removal of contaminated particles from a polished N-polar GaN surface using an alkaline cleaning solution along with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant. The zeta potential, etch rate, and particle removal efficiency (PRE) of N-polar GaN surfaces were reported. A lower etch rate and smoother N-polar GaN surface were obtained when the surface is treated with a diluted NH4OH solution. However, the etch rate and PRE of the N-polar GaN surface increased as a function of the pH of the NH4OH solution. The PRE of the N-polar GaN surface reached to 96% at pH 10 with a high surface roughness of 0.5 nm. SDS was added to the ammonia solutions to control the surface roughness. The N-polar GaN surface reached 100% PRE and surface roughness shown less than 0.4 nm when cleaned in a diluted NH4OH solution with 5 mM SDS surfactant in a megasonic bath. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
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Wound healing potential of antibacterial microneedles loaded with green tea extracts
Park, S.Y.,Lee, H.U.,Lee, Y.C.,Kim, G.H.,Park, E.C.,Han, S.H.,Lee, J.G.,Choi, S.,Heo, N.S.,Kim, D.L.,Huh, Y.S.,Lee, J. Elsevier 2014 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol.42 No.-
This study evaluates the utility of an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea (GT) extract and hyaluronic acid (HA), for the efficient delivery of GT. These microneedles have the potential to be a patient-friendly method for the conventional sustained release of drugs. In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm<SUP>2</SUP> with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was carried out to observe the potential modifications in the microneedles, when incorporated with GT. The degradation rate of GT in GT/HA microneedles was controlled simply by adjusting the HA composition. The effects of different ratios of GT in the HA microneedles were determined by measuring the release properties. In HA microneedles loaded with 70% GT (GT70), a continuous higher release rate was sustained for 72h. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. Furthermore, GT/HA microneedles reduced bacterial growth of infected wound sites in the skin and improved wound healing process of skin in rat model.
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Park, J. W.,Hong, J. S. J.,Parajuli, N.,Jung, W. S.,Park, S. R.,Lim, S.-K.,Sohng, J. K.,Yoon, Y. J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2008 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.105 No.24
<P>Since the first use of streptomycin as an effective antibiotic drug in the treatment of tuberculosis, aminoglycoside antibiotics have been widely used against a variety of bacterial infections for over six decades. However, the pathways for aminoglycoside biosynthesis still remain unclear, mainly because of difficulty in genetic manipulation of actinomycetes producing this class of antibiotics. Gentamicin belongs to the group of 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides containing a characteristic core aminocyclitol moiety, 2-deoxystreptamine (2-DOS), and the recent discovery of its biosynthetic gene cluster in Micromonospora echinospora has enabled us to decipher its biosynthetic pathway. To determine the minimal set of genes and their functions for the generation of gentamicin A(2), the first pseudotrisaccharide intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway for the gentamicin complex, various sets of candidate genes from M. echinospora and other related aminoglycoside-producing strains were introduced into a nonaminoglycoside producing strain of Streptomyces venezuelae. Heterologous expression of different combinations of putative 2-DOS biosynthetic genes revealed that a subset, gtmB-gtmA-gacH, is responsible for the biosynthesis of this core aminocyclitol moiety of gentamicin. Expression of gtmG together with gtmB-gtmA-gacH led to production of 2'-N-acetylparomamine, demonstrating that GtmG acts as a glycosyltransferase that adds N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GLcNA) to 2-DOS. Expression of gtmM in a 2'-N-acetylparomamine-producing recombinant S. venezuelae strain generated paromamine. Expression of gtmE in an engineered paromamine-producing strain of S. venezuelae successfully generated gentamicin A(2), indicating that GtmE is another glycosyltransferase that attaches d-xylose to paromamine. These results represent in vivo evidence elucidating the complete biosynthetic pathway of the pseudotrisaccharide aminoglycoside.</P>
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Park, N. W.,Ahn, J. Y.,Park, T. H.,Lee, J. H.,Lee, W. Y.,Cho, K.,Yoon, Y. G.,Choi, C. J.,Park, J. S.,Lee, S. K. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Nanoscale Vol.9 No.21
<P>Recently, significant progress has been made in increasing the figure-of-merit (ZT) of various nanostructured materials, including thin-film and quantum dot superlattice structures. Studies have focused on the size reduction and control of the surface or interface of nanostructured materials since these approaches enhance the thermopower and phonon scattering in quantum and superlattice structures. Currently, bismuth-tellurium-based semiconductor materials are widely employed for thermoelectric (TE) devices such as TE energy generators and coolers, in addition to other sensors, for use at temperatures under 400 K. However, new and promising TE materials with enhanced TE performance, including doped zinc oxide (ZnO) multilayer or superlattice thin films, are also required for designing solid-state TE power generating devices with the maximum output power density and for investigating the physics of in-plane TE generators. Herein, we report the growth of Al2O3/ZnO (AO/ZnO) superlattice thin films, which were prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD), and the evaluation of their electrical and TE properties. All the in-plane TE properties, including the Seebeck coefficient (S), electrical conductivity (sigma), and thermal conductivity (kappa), of the AO/ZnO superlattice (with a 0.82 nm-thick AO layer) and AO/ZnO films (with a 0.13 nm-thick AO layer) were evaluated in the temperature range 40-300 K, and the measured S, s, and. were -62.4 and -17.5 mu V K-1, 113 and 847 (Omega cm)(-1), and 0.96 and 1.04 W m(-1) K-1, respectively, at 300 K. Consequently, the in-plane TE ZT factor of AO/ZnO superlattice films was found to be similar to 0.014, which is approximately two times more than that of AO/ZnO films (ZT of similar to 0.007) at 300 K. Furthermore, the electrical power generation efficiency of the TE energy generator consisting of four couples of n-AO/ZnO superlattice films and p-Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 (p-BST) thin-film legs on the substrate was demonstrated. Surprisingly, the output power of the 100 nm-thick n-AO/ZnO superlattice film/p-BST TE energy generator was determined to be similar to 1.0 nW at a temperature difference of 80 K, corresponding to a significant improvement of similar to 130% and similar to 220% compared to the 100 nm-thick AO/ZnO film/p-BST and n-BT/p-BST film generators, respectively, owing to the enhancement of the TE properties, including the power factor of the superlattice film.</P>
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