MEE법으로 성장한 InAs/GaAs 양자점의 발광특성

오재원,변혜령,류미이,송진동,Oh, Jae Won,Byun, Hye Ryoung,Ryu, Mee-Yi,Song, Jin Dong 한국진공학회 2013 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.22 No.2

Migration-enhanced epitaxy 성장한 InAs/GaAs 양자점(quantum dots)의 광학적 특성을 PL (photoluminescence)과 Time-resolved PL 이용하여 분석하였다. InAs 양자점은 In을 9.3초 공급하고 5초 차단한 후 As을 3초, 4초, 6초, 또는 9초 공급하고 5초 차단하는 과정을 3회 반복하여 성장하였다. As을 3초 공급한 시료의 PL 피크는 1,140 nm에서 나타나고, PL 세기는 다른 세 시료에 비해 매우 약하게 나타났다. As 공급시간을 3초에서 증가하였을 때 모든 PL 피크는 1,118 nm로 청색이동하여 나타났으며, PL 세기는 증가하였다. As을 6초 공급한 시료의 PL 세기가 가장 강하게 나타나고, 반치폭(full width at half maximum)도 가장 좁게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 양자점의 밀도와 균일도(크기변화)로 설명된다. 또한 발광파장에 따른 PL 소멸시간은 PL 피크 근처에서 가장 길게 나타났다. The luminescence properties of InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) grown by a migration enhanced epitaxy method have been investigated by using photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL measurements. The MEE method supplies materials in a series of alternate depositions with migration enhancing time between each deposition. After In source was supplied for 9.3 s, the growth was interrupted for 5 s. Subsequently, As source was open for 3 (AT3), 4(AT4), 6 (AT6), or 9 s (AT9), and the growth was interrupted for 5 s again. This growth sequence was repeated 3 times for the growth of InAs QDs. The PL peak of the AT3 was 1,140 nm and the PL intensity was very weak compared with that of the other three samples. The PL peak of all samples except the AT3 sample was 1,118 nm, which is blueshifted from 1,140 nm, and the PL intensity was increased compared to that of the AT3. These results can be explained by the increased QD density and the improved QD uniformity. The AT6 sample showed the strongest PL intensity and the narrowest full width at half maximum. The PL decay time of AT6 increased with increasing emission wavelength from 940 to 1,126 nm, reaching a maximum decay time of 1.09 ns at 1,126 nm, and then decreased as the emission wavelength was increased further.

소비자 구매의사결정과정에서의 인터넷 채택 유형 - 정보탐색과 구매를 중심으로 -

송미령(Mee Ryoung Song),여정성(Jung Sung Yeo) 한국소비자학회 2001 소비자학연구 Vol.12 No.2

The object of this paper is to understand how consumers adopt Internet in consumer decision making. This paper is based on two points of view. One is that searching for product information and purchasing is not a separate but a whole process. The other is that consumers consider both the Internet and traditional commerce in decision making. This paper addresses following questions by Internet survey. How is the Internet used when searching for product information and making purchasing decisions? What are the characteristics of consumer groups classified in the adoption of Internet and traditional commerce when searching for product information and purchasing? What are the tendencies in the adoption of Internet and traditional commerce in searching for information and buying by products? We find that the frequencies of consumers searching for product information on the Internet is greater than those of the consumers purchasing on the Internet. This means that searching for product information on the Internet is not directly connected to actually purchasing on the Internet. In addition, the modes of consumers adopting Internet and traditional commerce in searching for product information and purchasing can be classified into four groups. Comparing the size of consumers who use Internet and traditional commerce in searching for product information with that of consumers who use the Internet only, the former is larger than the latter. On the contrary, in comparing the scores of Internet evaluation as a product information searching tool and the reason for preferring the Internet, the former is lower than the latter. Searching both on the Internet and in traditional commerce reflects that consumers do not think Internet is satisfactory. We also find that product is an important factor which effects on the tendencies in the adoption of Internet in information searching and purchasing. We conclude that a new mode of consumer purchase decision making emerges with the Internet.

한국 전기차 시장의 소비자 특성 분석

송미령(Mee Ryoung Song),주우진(Wujin Chu),임미자(Meeja Im) 한국경영학회 2018 經營學硏究 Vol.47 No.2

In order for governments and companies to increase consumer adoption of electric vehicles, they need to gain a deep understanding of motivation for purchase, and how consumers perceive the potential risks of owning an electric vehicle. Thus far, most consumer studies on electric vehicles have focused on potential adopters of electric vehicles not actual owners: their environmental concern, purchase motivation, vehicle attribute requirements, and need for financial incentives. However, much additional insight on electric vehicle adoption can be obtained from studying current owners of electric vehicles. In this study, we compare and contrast the characteristics of electric vehicle owners and owners of traditional cars (i.e., internal combustion engine cars). The two groups are compared along personal dimensions such as environmental concern, innovativeness, and subjective knowledge about electric vehicles. We also examine the determinants of satisfaction and dissatisfaction in electric vehicle usage by their owners. In addition, we study to what extent consumers’ hopes and fears about electric vehicles prior to purchase is realized during actual use. Such psychological and behavioral studies of electric vehicles owners have rarely been carried out with South Korean consumers prior to this study. This study shows the attitude and usage behavior of early adopters of electric vehicles in South Korea and compares their psychological characteristics with those of traditional vehicle owners. We show that compared to traditional vehicle owners, electric vehicle owners have greater pro-environmental concern, innovativeness, and subjective knowledge about electric vehicles. They also placed greater importance on driving experience and fuel efficiency, compared to traditional car owners. Non-adopters view electric vehicles as having limited range, with the danger of being stranded when batteries run out. However, actual owners said that they were satisfied with the range of their electric vehicles. In fact, electric vehicle owners were shown to use their cars more than traditional car owners. This type of “rebound effect” is due to lower cost of fuel for electric vehicles. Such rebound behavior has been shown in other energy-saving devices in past studies. Overall, there seems to be “forecasting error” about what it would be like to own an electric vehicle and what it is actually experienced. Finally, we show that satisfaction with electric vehicle usage is affected by subjective knowledge about electric vehicles, satisfaction with vehicle range, and satisfaction with fuel costs. The study’s contribution is two-fold. First, it shows that early adopters of electric vehicles are not only motivated by altruistic motives of protecting the environment, but also by the need to be innovative and the desire to lower fuel costs. Second, it shows large differences in forecasting error regarding electric vehicle ownership and usage.

측두하악장애 환자의 교합접촉 대칭성에 관한 연구

송미령(Mee Ryoung Song),강동완(Dong Wan Kang) 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 1993 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.17 No.2

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측두악장애 환자의 교합접촉 대칭성에 관한 연구

송미령(Mee-Ryoung Song),강동완(Dong-Wan Kang),고헌주(Heon-Joo Ko) 대한턱관절교합학회 1994 구강회복응용과학지 Vol.10 No.1

제품 라벨의 첨가물 표기 정보에 대한 소비자의 지각 연구: 첨가물 비중과 수에 대한 정보처리를 중심으로

송이령 ( Mee-ryoung Song ),임미자 ( Mee-ja Im ) 한국소비자학회 2015 소비자학연구 Vol.26 No.6

웰빙과 건강에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 소비자들은 제품 선택 시 패키지 라벨의 영양 및 건강 정보를 보고 구입하기 시작했다. 본 연구는 첨가물 표기 정보가 소비자의 지각에 미치는 영향을 다룬다. 먼저 특정 첨가물을 포함하지 않았다고 패키지 전면에 표기하는 무첨가 표기 제품에 대해 소비자들이 어떻게 지각하는지를 조사한다. 또 무첨가 마크와 함께 패키지 후면의 다른 첨가물 정보를 보았을 때 소비자의 반응은 앞면의 무첨가 마크만을 보았을 때와 비교해서 어떻게 달라지는지를 조사하였다. 또한 소비자들이 패키지에 제시되지 않는 첨가물 비중 정보를 어떻게 추론하는 지, 그리고 첨가물 개수와 첨가물 비중에서 어떤 정보를 소비자들이 더 중요하다고 생각하며, 더 영향을 받는 지 등을 조사하였다. 4개의 실험 결과는 매우 흥미로웠다. 소비자들은 무첨가 표기에 긍정적으로 반응하고 있었다. 이러한 긍정 지각 효과는 패키지 후면의 상세 정보를 보게 되는 경우 감소하고 있었다. 소비자들은 원재료 비중 정보에서 첨가물 비중 정보를 추론하고 있었다. 그리고 명시적으로는 첨가물 비중이 첨가물 개수보다 더 중요하다고 응답하고 있으나, 무의식적으로는 첨가물 개수에 더 많은 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 소비자의 첨가물에 대한 높은 관심과 기업의 첨가물 표기 관련 마케팅의 증가에도 불구하고 아직까지 이에 대한 연구는 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구는 패키지 라벨 표기와 관련된 선행 연구의 폭을 확장시켰다는 이론적인 공헌은 물론 기업과 소비자, 정책 입안자에게 많은 관리적 시사점을 제공할 것이다. With growing consumer interest in wellness and health, nutrition and health claim information on product packaging labels is becoming one of the most important elements influencing consumers’ purchase decisions. Consumers feel great anxiety about additives in food products and consumer-packaged goods. As a response to such consumer concerns, many companies have been gradually increasing additive-free marketing and expanding its use on new product categories. This study investigates the effect of the additive-related claim information on consumer perception. The paper examines how consumers respond to the additive-free claim on the front package, which declares the exclusion of specific additives in a product. This study also evaluates how consumer’s response differs when consumers are provided with both front and back package labeling that includes information on the rest of the additives included in the product. Furthermore, we determine how consumers process additive?related information, such as the weight and the number of additives, and which of the two has greater influence on consumers. We investigated how consumers infer the weight of additives when it is not specified in the package. Four experiments were conducted for our study. Participants demonstrated more positive response to the additive-free condition compared to the controlled condition. In addition, the findings show that this positive response is reduced when subjects are provided with both front and back package labels. Moreover, the results indicate that consumers infer the weightage of additives from the weightage of raw materials listed in the package. Additionally, the study demonstrates that individuals are more influenced by the number of additives specified unconsciously. Interestingly, however, participants answered that the weight is more important in explicit responses. The results of this paper provide many meaningful implications to consumer perception of the additive-free claim, as well as theoretical implications by expanding prior literature pertaining to package label marketing.

측두하악장애 환자의 교합접촉 대칭성에 관한 연구

송미령,강동완 朝鮮大學校 口腔生物學硏究所 1993 口腔生物學硏究 Vol.17 No.2

Effect of Growth Temperature on the Luminescence Properties of InP/GaP Short-Period Superlattice Structures

Hye Ryoung Byun,Mee-Yi Ryu,Jin Dong Song,Chang Lyul Lee 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2015 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.24 No.1

The optical properties of InP/GaP short-period superlattice (SPS) structures grown at various temperatures from 400oC to 490oC have been investigated by using temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) and emission wavelength-dependent time-resolved PL measurements. The PL peak energy for SPS samples decreases as the growth temperature increases. The decreased PL energy of ∼10 meV for the sample grown at 425oC compared to that for 400oC-grown sample is due to the CuPt-B type ordering, while the SPS samples grown at 460oC and 490oC exhibit the significant reduction of the PL peak energies due to the combined effects of the formation of lateral composition modulation (LCM) and CuPt-B type ordering. The SPS samples with LCM structure show the enhanced carrier lifetime due to the spatial separation of carriers. This study represents that the bandgap energy of InP/GaP SPS structures can be controlled by varying growth temperature, leading to LCM formation and CuPt-B type ordering.

소비자 혁신성향이 친환경제품 만족도에 미치는 영향 : 혁신성향, 친환경성향 및 친환경 제품 혁신성의 상호작용효과

임미자,Mee Ryoung SONG,Wujin CHU 한국유통과학회 2019 유통과학연구 Vol.17 No.10

Purpose - Environment-friendly behaviors are diverse and can be motivated by different factors. For example, magnitude of factors affecting recycling behavior could be different from those affecting purchasing of environmentally-friendly products. In this study, the focus is on usage satisfaction of consumers who have purchased environmentally-friendly products. Research design, data, and methodology - For this purpose, data were collected from a total of 345 users of environmentally-friendly products, consisting of 177 users of electric vehicles and 168 users of environmentally-friendly detergents. The study analyzed the relationships among consumer’s innovation propensity, consumer’s environmental concern, and usage satisfaction. In addition, the moderating effect of the product’s innovativeness was examined. Results - The result shows that there is a relationship between consumer’s innovation propensity and consumer’s environmental concern. In particular, it is shown that both consumer’s innovation propensity and consumer’s environmental concern have positive effects on usage satisfaction. Further, there was a moderating effect of the product’s innovativeness. Namely, products rated higher in innovativeness showed a greater effect of consumer’s innovation propensity on usage satisfaction. The degree of the product’s innovativeness also affected the directional paths of the relationships. In the electric vehicle (i.e., high product innovativeness) case, consumer’s innovation propensity had a direct effect on usage satisfaction, as well as an indirect effect through consumer’s environmental concern. In the environmentally-friendly detergent (i.e., low product innovativeness) case, consumer’s innovation propensity only had an indirect effect on usage satisfaction, through consumer’s environmental concern. Conclusions - Theoretical contributions of this study are as follows. Foremost, this is the first study that suggests an existence of a relationship between consumer’s innovation propensity and consumer’s environmental concern. Second, this study showed the positive effect of consumer’s innovation propensity on usage satisfaction of environmentally-friendly products. Third, this study expanded the scope of previous studies by showing the interaction between consumer’s innovation propensity and consumer’s environmental concern. Lastly, this study showed that the effect of these variables on usage satisfaction can differ by the degree of innovativeness of the environmentally-friendly product. The results of the study will have implications for marketers and policy makers in formulating marketing activities and policies.

누가 무첨가 표시 마케팅에 반응하는가?

임미자(Im Mee ja),송미령(Song Mee Ryoung) 한국소비문화학회 2017 소비문화연구 Vol.20 No.1

무첨가 표시는 패키지 라벨 전면에 특정 식품첨가물이 첨가되지 않았다는 것을 강조하여 표시함으로써 다른 제품과 차별화하며 동시에 식품첨가물에 대한 막연한 불안감을 자극하여 무첨가 표시된 제품을 구매하도록 유도하는 마케팅 방법의 일종이다. 기존 연구에 의하면 소비자들이 무첨가 표시가 있는 제품을 볼 때 해당 제품을 더욱 긍정적으로 평가하는 긍정지각효과(positivity bias)가 나타났다. 본 연구는 어떤 소비자 세분시장이 무첨가 표시에 더 긍정적으로 반응하는지 소비자 특성 변수에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 선행 연구는 대부분 소비자들에게 식품첨가물 자체에 대한 안전성 및 불안감, 그리고 무첨가 제품을 어떻게 생각하는 지 등을 설문을 통해 측정하였다. 본 연구는 선행연구와 달리 실험 방법을 이용하였으며, 무첨가 표시 마케팅이 실시된 제품 이미지를 제시하고 다른 요인들을 통제한 후 어떻게 평가하는지를 분석함으로써 무첨가 표시에 반응하는 소비자들의 특성변인을 보다 정확하게 파악할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과, 무첨가 제품에 대한 기존의 태도가 긍정적일수록 즉, 무첨가가 건강에 도움을 줄 것이라는 믿음이 강할수록 무첨가 표시 마케팅에 긍정적으로 반응하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 제품 관여도가 높을수록, 식품첨가물 불안감이 높을수록 더 긍정적으로 반응하였다. 성별로는 차이가 없었으며, 연령과 결혼여부 및 자녀 유무가 영향을 미치고 있었다. 대학생들은 직장인에 비해 무첨가 표시 마케팅에 대한 반응이 높지 않았다. 건강추구성향이 높을수록, 첨가물 확인성향이 높을수록 무첨가 표시 마케팅에 더 반응하였다. 그러나 소비자의 현재의 건강상태 및 주관적인 첨가물 지식수준은 영향이 없었다. 본 연구 결과는 기업의 마케터들과 소비자 정책 수립자들에게 관리적 시사점을 제공할 뿐 아니라 선행연구의 폭을 확장하고 식품, 마케팅, 소비자학을 통합하여 학문간 연구를 진행했다는 점에도 그 공헌이 있다. The “additive-free” (or “no additives”) claim is a type of food-package label presented on the front panel of product packages to emphasize the fact that specific additives have been excluded from the product. It is a kind of marketing tool used to encourage purchases by provoking consumer anxiety about food additives and by providing a healthier and safer image about the product, thereby differentiating the product from other items. The purpose of this paper is to find out which consumer segments respond more favorably to the marketing of additive-free products and the characteristic variables that contribute to such responses. Prior research has revealed that consumers tend to evaluate a product more favorably when an additive-free claim is presented; this bias is referred to as the positivity effect. Whereas most previous studies used survey questions to measure consumer anxiety and knowledge about the safety of food additives, we have introduced an experiment method in which researchers present realistic images of products with an additive-free claim to the subjects, controlling other variables that may influence consumer evaluation. The results of our analysis showed that consumers with more favorable previous attitudes toward products claiming to be additive-free responded more positively to the marketing of additive-free products. That is, a greater trust in the health benefits of additive-free items led to more favorable responses. Moreover, consumers with higher product involvement and anxiety about food additives perceived the products more positively. In terms of demographic variables, age, marital status, and whether the consumers had children had a significant effect on their attitudes toward additive-free items. Gender, however, did not have a significant influence. University students showed relatively less favorable attitudes toward no-additives products compared to office workers. While current health status had no influence, a greater desire for good health and a tendency to verify the absence of additives led to more favorable evaluations. The consumers’ subjective knowledge about additives did not affect their evaluations of the items. The results of this study provide managerial implications to company marketers and consumer policy makers. The paper also makes theoretical contributions by expanding the context of the prior literature. Particularly, this paper has great academic significance for how to conduct interdisciplinary research among marketing, consumer behavior, and food marketing arenas, which has not been delved into so far.