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동해안 유입 상품 포장재 쓰레기를 통해서 본 북한상품 현황과 특징 - 식음료 제품을 중심으로*
강동완 북한연구소 2025 북한학보 Vol.50 No.2
North Korean packaging waste that flows into the coasts of South Korea can be an important indicator for research on the daily lives of people in North Korea. This study set the North Korean packaging waste collected along the East Coast as its research subject and analyzed the characteristics, implications, and advertising factors of North Korea’s food and beverage products such as dairy products, drinks, frozen desserts, confectionery, and processed food products. Given the characteristics of food and beverage, principal advertisements for food and beverage products mainly carry phrases to emphasize food safety, hygiene, and efficacy. They have a couple of main characteristics. First, advertisements for food products emphasize that the products add main ingredients beneficial to the human body and contain no preservatives, given their characteristics, thus highlighting the safety and efficacy of the products. Second, many advertisements for food and beverage products contain false and exaggerated advertising content that is not proven. Third, they utilize various designs, typefaces, and characters based on industrial art. There are especially many character designs that embody raw materials, intending to emphasize the familiarity of products along with hygiene and safety. Different factories that make products under the same item category use completely different typefaces from one another to highlight the images of their unique products. Finally, institutions and companies have unique trademarks(brands), which can be divided into designs that bear the same names as the factories, the ones that reflect the characteristics of the products, and the ones based on natural elements such as mountains and rivers. Considering that information for the study of North Korea is limited, North Korean packaging waste that flows into the coasts of South Korea becomes an important indicator to investigate the daily lives of people in North Korea. This raises a need for follow-up studies to categorize North Korean packaging waste by period and place. 한국 해안가에 유입된 북한 포장재 쓰레기는 북한의 일상을 연구하는 하나의 자료가 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 동해안에서 수거한북한 포장재 쓰레기를 연구대상으로 설정하고, 북한상품 중 유제품, 음료류, 빙과류, 당과류, 가공식품류 등 식음료 제품의 특징과현황, 광고와 디자인적 요인을 분석했다. 식음료라는 특성상 주요광고는 주로 식품 안전성과 위생, 효능 등을 강조하는 문구가 표기되었다. 주요 특징으로는 첫째, 식료품의 특성상 몸에 이로운 주원료를 첨가했다거나 무방부제를 강조하면서 제품의 안전성과 효능을 부각했다. 둘째, 검증되지 않는 허위, 과장 광고로 볼 수 있는내용이 다수 발견되었다. 셋째, 산업미술에 기반을 둔 다양한 디자인과 서체, 캐릭터 등을 활용하고 있다. 특히, 원재료를 형상화한캐릭터 도안이 많은데, 위생과 안전성을 강조하면서 상품의 친근성을 강조하려는 의도로 볼 수 있다. 같은 품목이라도 공장에 따라전혀 다른 서체를 사용하여 고유한 제품의 이미지를 부각한 것도특징이다. 넷째, 기관, 기업소별 고유한 상표(브랜드)를 표기하는데 공장명과 동일한 디자인, 제품의 특성 반영, 산이나 강 등 자연요소 등으로 구분할 수 있었다. 북한 연구의 특성상 정보가 제약되었다는 점을 고려할 때 해안가에 유입되는 북한 포장재 쓰레기는북한의 일상을 연구하는 주요한 지표가 된다. 따라서 시기별, 장소별로 분류하여 후속 연구로 이어질 필요가 있다.
강동완,김태정 대한신경과학회 2024 대한신경과학회지 Vol.42 No.2
The majority of neurocritically ill patients have disorders of consciousness. Both level and content of consciousness should be assessed repeatedly throughout the course of patient care. In this review, we describe the definition and diagnostic criteria for disorders of consciousness, and the neurological examination and standardized neurobehavioral assessment tools as methods of assessing consciousness. Next, we will discuss neurophysiological and neuroimaging tests as tools for assessing consciousness: automated quantitative pupillometry, electroencephalogram, evoked potentials, brain imaging, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and biomarkers. We discuss the clinical utility of each assessment tool and the importance of a multimodal approach in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication of disorders of consciousness.
북한주민의 통일의식 조사 연구: 북한주민 100명 면접조사를 중심으로
강동완,박정란 통일연구원 2014 統一 政策 硏究 Vol.23 No.2
Given that the unification of the Korean Peninsula aims at building better life for both North and South Koreans, South Korea’s policy direction for the unification should be changed in accordance with North Koreans’ perception of the unification. We wonder how much North Koreans currently want to unify the Korean Peninsula and what kind of unification they desire. The purpose of this study is to look into how North Koreans think of the unification and what responses South Korean should take. South Korea has continuously conducted an examination on South Koreans’ consciousness of theunification. However, so far few examinations have been carried out involving NorthKoreans, another party directly involved in the unification, about their consciousness of the unification. Given that South Korea’s policy direction for the unification should be changed in accordance with North Koreans’ perception of the unification, an examination on North Korean’s consciousness of the unification should be conducted urgently. This study, therefore, presented quantitative statistics on 100 North Koreans’ consciousness of the unification and explored their consciousness of the unification through in-depth interviews. Furthermore, the study compared North and South Koreans’ consciousness of the unification and presented policy tasks. 한반도 통일이 남북한 주민들의 ‘함께 잘 살아가기’라면 현재 분단된 상황에서 북한주민들의 통일에 대한 인식에 따라 우리의 통일정책 방향 역시 달라질 수밖에 없다. 현재 북한주민들은 통일을 얼마나 원하고 있으며 그들이 바라는 통일조국은 어떤 모습일지 궁금해진다. 본 연구의 목적은 북한주민들은 과연 통일에 대해서 어떻게 생각하고 있는지 우리는 이에 따라 어떠한 대응을 해야 하는지 등에 대해 살펴보는 것이다. 우리 사회에서는 일반 국민들을 대상으로 한 통일의식조사를 지속적으로 시행해 왔다. 그러나 지금까지 통일의 또 다른 당사자라 할 수 있는 북한주민들에 대한 통일의식 조사연구는 활발히 진행되지 않았다. 북한주민들의 통일에 대한 인식에 따라 우리의 통일정책 방향이 달라진다는 점을 감안할 때 북한주민들의 통일의식 조사는 시급히 이루어져야 할 연구 작업이다. 이에 본 연구는 제3국에서 북한주민을 직접 만나 면접조사를 실시하였다. 북한주민 100명을 대상으로 통일의식에 대한 양적통계를 제시하고 심층면접을 통해 통일의식에 대해 조사하였다. 아울러 남북한 주민들이 상호 통일의식에 대해 어떠한 차이가 있는지 비교하고 정책과제를 제시한다.
김정은 시대 북한 화장품의 ‘선전’과 ‘실제’- 화장품을 통해서 본 북한여성 문화
강동완 단국대학교(천안캠퍼스) 한국문화기술연구소 2019 한국문화기술 Vol.26 No.-
The “Promotion” and “Reality” of North Korean Cosmetics during the Era of Kim Jong-Un This study set out to investigate the North Korean regime’s percep tions of cosmetic production by raising questions such as “What mean ings do cosmetics have for women in North Korea?,” “Why does the regime of North Korea encourage the production and development of cosmetics?” and “How is the North Korean society changed by the use of North Korean cosmetics?” The study aimed to figure out the ways that cosmetics were promoted to people in North Korea so that the regime of North Korea would achieve the political rhetoric of “improvement of people’s life.” The investigator conducted an interview with female North Korean defectors that experienced the era of Kim Jong-un, thus examining the “reality” of their perceptions of North Korean cosmetics promoted by the regime. Considering that the act of make-up itself can lead to the classification of social strata based on gender awareness, the North Korean regime’s intention and percep tion of make-up can be another factor to analyze the North Korean society. This was the reason why the present study focused on the gap between political “promotion” intended by the regime of North Korea in its political system and “reality” found in North Koreans’ perception and action of it.