경험적 법률가 연구의 발전을 위하여 - 이호선의 「법과 정책연구」 글에 대한 검토와 제언

이준웅 ( Une-woong Rhee ),이재협 ( Jae-hyup Lee ) 한국법정책학회 2016 법과 정책연구 Vol.16 No.2

이 글은 이호선 교수가 < 법과 정책연구 > 제15집 제4호에 게재한 "한국 로스쿨 체제, 과연 사법시험의 대안인가?"라는 글을 비판적으로 검토한다. 첫째, 이호선의 글은 연구목적이 불분명하며, 연구문제가 부재하며, 결론을 정당화하기 위한 방법과 결과가 충분하지 않은 등 경험적 학술논문으로서의 기본요건을 갖추지 못하고 있다. 특히 이호선의 글을 선의로 해석해서 이재협 등의 연구에 대한 재현연구를 시도한 것으로 보더라도 연구의 재현성 여부를 평가할 수 있는 필수적인 방법론을 제시하지 않고 있으며, 재현연구가 갖추어야 할 최소한의 방법론적 기초를 구비하지 않고 있다. 둘째, 이호선의 글은 표집이론, 모집단, 표집틀 등 사회과학적 표본조사 연구에 사용되는 기본적인 개념을 혼동하고 있으며, 모집단과 표본 간의 상위성에 대해 오해를 보인다. 셋째, 이호선의 글에는 이재협 등의 연구에 대한 해석적 오해를 담고 있다. 특히 사법연수원 출신 법률가와 로스쿨 졸업 법률가 간 가구소득의 차이를 비교함에 있어서 비교시점을 상이하게 설정하는 등 오류를 범한다. 결론적으로 이 글은 법학교육제도와 법률직역의 구조가 급격히 변화하고 있는 상황에서 경험적 자료축적을 통한 실증연구가 필요함을 주장하며, 향후 법학과 인접학문이 공동연구를 활성화해야 함을 제안한다. This article critically reviews the paper written by Professor Lee Ho-Sun, "Korean Law School System, Is it really an alternative to Judicial Exam?", which was published in the Law and Policy Review, Vol. 15, Nov. 4. First, Lee Ho-Sun``s paper lacks basic requirements for an empirical scholarly article: (1) the research purpose is unclear, (2) the research questions are not provided, and (3) the methods and outcomes do not sufficiently support conclusions. Even if Lee Ho-Sun``s paper can be regarded as a replication study of Jae-Hyup Lee et. al.``s research, it does not provide necessary methods to assess its replicability. In addition, the paper is not equipped with minimum methodological foundations. Second, Lee Ho-Sun``s paper confuses basic concepts in social scientific sampling studies (e.g., sampling theory, population, sampling frame), and does not correctly interpret the difference between parameters and statistics. Third, Lee Ho-Sun``s paper contains many interpretive misunderstandings of Jae-Hyup Lee et. al.``s research. For example, in interpreting the household income differences between the graduates of the Judicial Research and Training Institute and the graduates of law schools, Lee Ho-Sun sets a different time frame than that used in Jae-Hyup Lee``s research. This article advocates that more empirical studies are needed to adequately assess the rapid changes in the legal educational system and the structure of the legal profession in Korea, and to that end, that more interdisciplinary research collaboration is necessary.

가토 외고정 모델을 이용한 치밀체형 세라믹스의 골결합능 평가

이재협,이동호,이재학,공현식,안영준,류현승,서준혁,홍국선,김환,장봉순,이춘기 대한정형외과연구학회 2003 대한정형외과연구학회지 Vol.6 No.2

A. 高校 科學 (生物·地球科學) 및 數學科 探究學習의 評價模型 定立과 評價紙 開發

李相協,權炳奎,林在圭,孫文求,吳岱燮,楊洪準,梁承榮,姜用熙,林成圭,金正遠,金吉民,兪正在 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1982 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.6 No.-

Currently the evaluation of high school science and mathematics learning has been too much knowledge-centered without concerning the inquiring ability or scientific attitude. This study, therefore, was made for the purpose of establishing of evaluation model for high school science (biology and earth science) and mathematics learning and its evaluation items. In this paper, the research was done about three fields, biology, earth science and mathematics. 1. For the biology, the evaluation methods of inquiry learning were studied with the foreign references, and proper evaluation items were suggested. 2. For the earth science, after analizing 5 kinds of earth science textbook of current using in high school, essential 19 items were selected. 5 of them were tested in test group and control group, then, the results were analized. 3. For the mathematice, the teaching elements of「Set」and「Flow chart」in mathematics (Ⅰ) were selected and structured. Detailed teaching objects were established and evaluation items were introduced.

二重 Silicon Gate NMOS 工程을 利用한 2K EPROM 製作 및 測定

조협제,정호선,이덕동 경북대학교 공과대학 1986 工大硏究誌 Vol.15 No.-

2K bit EPROM array and test patterns were fabricated by double poly silicon-gate NMOS technicue. The channel length and width of the EPROM cell were 6㎛ and 12㎛, respectively. The operation of peripheral circuits was simulated by SPICE and the expected results were compared with experimental results. The optimal conditions of cell for programming were the drain voltage of 15-17V, gate voltage of 19-21V and the width of programming pulse of 30-35㎳, respectively. At that time, the threshold voltage was shifted from 1.6V(in erased state) to 9.4V (in programmed state).

Fabrication of an rhBMP-2 loaded porous β-TCP microsphere-hyaluronic acid-based powder gel composite and evaluation of implant osseointegration

Lee, Jae Hyup,Kim, Jungju,Baek, Hae-Ri,Lee, Kyung Mee,Seo, Jun-Hyuk,Lee, Hyun-Kyung,Lee, A-Young,Zheng, Guang Bin,Chang, Bong-Soon,Lee, Choon-Ki Springer US 2014 Journal of materials science, Materials in medicin Vol.25 No.9

<P>Methods to improve osseointegration that include implantation of rhBMP-2 with various kinds of carriers are currently of considerable interest. The present study was conducted to evaluate if the rhBMP-2 loaded β-TCP microsphere-hyaluronic acid-based powder-like hydrogel composite (powder gel) can act as an effective rhBMP-2 carrier for implantation in host bone with a bone defect or poor bone quality. The release pattern for rhBMP-2 was then evaluated against an rhBMP-2-loaded collagen sponge as a control group. Dental implants were also inserted into the tibias of three groups of rabbits: an rhBMP-2 (200 µg) loaded powder gel composite implanted group, an implant only group, and a powder gel implanted group. Micro-CT and histology of the implanted areas were carried out four weeks later. The rhBMP-2 powder gel released less rhBMP-2 than the collagen sponge, but it continued a slow release for more than 7 days. The rhBMP-2 powder gel composite improved osseointegration of the dental implant by increasing the amount of new bone formation in the implant pitch and it improved the bone quality and bone quantity of new bone. The histology results indicated that the rhBMP-2 powder gel composite improved the osseointegration in the cortical bone as well as the marrow space along the fixture. The bone-to-implant contact ratio of the rhBMP-2 (200 µg) loaded powder gel composite implanted group was significantly higher than those of the implant only group and the powder gel implanted group. The powder gel appeared to be a good carrier and could release rhBMP-2 slowly to promote the formation of new bone following implantation in a bone defect, thereby improving implant osseointegration.</P>

Enhanced osteoinductivity of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in combination with epidermal growth factor in a rabbit tibial defect model

Lee, Jae Hyup,Baek, Hae-Ri,Lee, Kyung Mee,Lee, Dong-Yeon,Lee, A-Young Informa UK Ltd. 2015 Growth factors Vol.33 No.1

<P>This study aims to explore the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on bone formation when treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and a rabbit tibial defect model. The rhBMP-2 (250 ng/ml)+EGF (10 ng/ml) group showed higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP expression, increased calcium amount than rhBMP-2 group. In micro-CT and histology results of animal experiments, the rhBMP-2+EGF group showed more amount of bone bridging compared to the rhBMP-2 group. Among the 8-week groups, the rhBMP-2+EGF group showed significantly higher percent bone volume and trabecular number compared to the rhBMP-2 group. The combined treatment with EGF and rhBMP-2 induced significantly higher bone formation compared to that of rhBMP-2 only in both hMSCs and a rabbit tibial defect model. Therefore, EGF is expected to facilitate bone formation effect of rhBMP-2 when both factors are treated in combination.</P>

Expression, Purification and Osteogenic Bioactivity of Recombinant Human BMP-2 Derived by Escherichia Coli

( Jae Hyup Lee ),( Soo Jeong Jang ),( Tae Young Koo ),( Chang Woo Suh ),( Eui Nam Lee ),( Kyung Mee Lee ),( Hye Soo Lee ),( Hae Ri Baek ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2011 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.8 No.1

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic proten-2 (rhBMP-2) has an osteoinductivity and it is therefore used as a bone graft substitute. Currently in a clinical setting, mammalian cell origin rhBMP-2 is used. Due to its low yield and a high cost, however, it is disadvantageous in that it cannot be widely used. Given this background, we synthesized E.coli-derived rhBMP-2 and then confirmed the presence of rhBMP-2 using SDS-PAGE and west-ern blot. Besides, using human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin-red staining (AR-S), ALP activity assay and calcium assay were performed for 100ng/ml or 500ng/mlrhBMP-2. Furthermore, the RT-PCR was performed for the gene expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP), collagen I and ALP. Besides, using SD-rat abdominal muscle pouch model, an ectopic bone formation was evaluated. SDS-PAGE and Western blot results showed that purified rhBMP-2 is the same of reference rhBMP-2. In addition, ALP staining property and AR-S one were of relatively higher degree on days 7 and 21, respectively, in the rhBMP-2group. Besides, the degree of ALP and calcium assay were also significantly higher in the rhBMP-2. From day 7 on, the mRNA expression of ALP and BSP was of relatively higher degree in the rhBMP-2 group. Rat abdomen ectopicbone formation was confirmed in all the nine samples of the rhBMP-2 group. Based on these results, E.coli-derivedrhBMP-2 has osteoblastic differentiation and ectopic bone formation. This led to the confirmation that it could also be used as a bone substitute.

The Efficacy of Porous Hydroxyapatite Granule as a Carrier of E.coli-derived Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2

( Jae Hyup Lee ),( Hae Ri Baek ),( Eui Nam Lee ),( Kyung Mee Lee ),( Hyun Kyung Lee ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2013 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.10 No.5

Porous hydroxyapatite (HA) has great osteoconductivity, which allows it to be used as a bone graft extender. Porous HA enables bone formation by binding with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). This research is to assess the capability of porous HA granules as a carrier of E.coli-derived rhBMP-2 (E.BMP-2). We compared the release of E.BMP-2 from porous HA of both block and granular forms for 120 min by using an ELISA. Using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), and the rat abdominal ectopic bone formation model, we also examined the osteogenic capacity of granular HA containing E.BMP-2.The result has shown that the rate of E.BMP-2 released from porous HA for 120 min indicated 42% of HA granules and 27.9% of HA block; the amount of HA granules was larger than HA block. At each set time interval of 10 min, 20 min, 40 min, 80 min, and 120 min, the amount of E.BMP-2 released from HA granules were significantly higher than those from HA block. The ALP activity on the third day of porous HA granules treated with 100 μg E.BMP-2 was significantly higher than that of pure HA granules. In addition, in the rat in vivo model, bony tissue was confirmed in the all of the cases in the E.BMP-HA group but not in the pure HA group, according to the micro-CT and the histology 8 weeks after the surgery. Moreover, in contrast to the pure HA group, the E.BMPHA group showed a higher level of bone volume, percent bone volume, structure model index, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number in the micro-CT scan. In conclusion, porous HA granules can be bound with E.BMP-2 and can properly release E.BMP-2, so that it can increase the osteoblastic differentiation of hMSC and induce the ectopic bone formation, consequently qualifying as a carrier of E.BMP-2.

성견 골 결손 모델에서 골이식재로서의 베타 피로인산 칼슘 다공체에 대한 연구

이재협(Jae Hyup Lee),이동호(Dong-Ho Lee),하정현(Jeong Hyun Ha),안영준(Young Joon Ahn),박재영(Jae-Young Park),류현승(Hyun-Seung Ryu),장봉순(Bong-Soon Chang),홍국선(Kug Sun Hong),이춘기(Choon-Ki Lee) 대한정형외과학회 2003 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.38 No.4

단측 도달법과 양측 도달법을 이용한 경피적 척추 성형술에서 골시멘트 분포 및 누출 비교

이재협 ( Jae Hyup Lee ),윤강섭 ( Kang Sup Yoon ),강승백 ( Seung Baik Kang ),조현철 ( Hyun Chul Jo ),이상기 ( Sang Ki Lee ),장봉순 ( Bong Soon Chang ),이춘기 ( Choon Ki Lee ),이지호 ( Ji Ho Lee ) 대한골절학회 2006 대한골절학회지 Vol.19 No.4

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 척추 성형술에서 단측 도달법과 양측 도달법의 골시멘트 분포양상 및 누출 등 방사선학적 결과를 비교하는 것이다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 5월부터 2006년 1월까지 본 교실에서 척추 성형술을 시행하고 3개월 이상 추시 가능하였던 100추체 중 단측 도달법 (1군)을 이용한 55추체와 양측 도달법 (2군)을 이용한 45추체에 수술 시간, 주입한 골시멘트 양, 전방 추체 높이 회복, 후만각, 골시멘트의 추체 단면 분포, 골시멘트 누출 등의 결과를 비교하였다. 결과: 수술 시간은 1추체 수술 시 1군이 평균 28분, 2군이 평균 29이있다. 주입한 골시멘트 양은 1군이 3.9 cc, 2군이 5.1 cc로 2군이 유의하게 많았다 (p=0.016). 전방 추체 높이비는 1군이 수술 전 71.8%에 비해 수술 후 3개월째 76.1%였고, 2군이 수술 전 78.3%에서 수술 후 3개월째 77.7%였다. 후만각은 1군이 수술 전 10.7도에서 수술 후 3개월에 11.3도였으며 2군은 수술 전 1.5도에서 수술 후 3개월에 3.6도로 양 군에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 골시멘트 분포는 8개 구역 이상에 분포하는 비율은 2군이 유의하게 (p=0.014) 높았으나 전방 추체 전체나 7개 구역 이상에 분포하는 비율은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 골시멘트 누출은 1군이 25추체 (45.5%)였고 2군이 25추체 (55.6%)로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 단측 도달법을 이용한 경피적 척추 성형술은 양측 도달법에 비해 주입되는 골시멘트양이 적지만 골시멘트의 추체내 분포나 누출이 양측 도달법과 큰 차이가 없으며 3개월 추시상 방사선학적 지표도 유사하여 골다공증성 추체 골절에 사용할 수 있는 유용한 수술법으로 사료된다. Purpose: To evaluate the differences of radiological outcomes of uniportal and biportal vertebroplasty in the point of bone cement distribution and leakage. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study reviewing the period between May 2002 and January 2006 investigated 100 vertebrae which underwent vertebroplasty and followed for more than three months by uniportal approach (55 vertebrae, group 1) and biportal approach (45 vertebrae, group 2). The operative time, the amount of bone cement injected, anterior vertebral height restoration. kyphotic angle, bone cement distribution, and bone cement leakage were evaluated. Results: The amount of injected bone cement of group 1 (3.9 cc) was statistically smaller than that of group 2 (5.1 cc) (p=0.016). There were no significant differences in the operative time, anterior vertebral height reatoration, kyphotic angle in both groups. The rate of bone cement distribution over 8 zones was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1(p=0.014). However, the rate of bone cement distribution over 7 zones and the rate of bone cement distributed on whole anterior vertebral body were not significantly different in both groups. The cement leakage was not also significantly different in both groups. Conclusion: Although the amount of injected bone cement was smaller in uniportal vertebroplasty, the radiological results and cement leakage were similar to biportal vertebroplasty. These findings suggest that uniportal vertebroplasty can be the operative options in osteoporotic vertebral fracture.Purpose: To evaluate the differences of radiological outcomes of uniportal and biportal vertebroplasty in the point of bone cement distribution and leakage. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study reviewing the period between May 2002 and January 2006 investigated 100 vertebrae which underwent vertebroplasty and followed for more than three months by uniportal approach (55 vertebrae, group 1) and biportal approach (45 vertebrae, group 2). The operative time, the amount of bone cement injected, anterior vertebral height restoration. kyphotic angle, bone cement distribution, and bone cement leakage were evaluated. Results: The amount of injected bone cement of group 1 (3.9 cc) was statistically smaller than that of group 2 (5.1 cc) (p=0.016). There were no significant differences in the operative time, anterior vertebral height reatoration, kyphotic angle in both groups. The rate of bone cement distribution over 8 zones was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (p=0.014). However, the rate of bone cement distribution over 7 zones and the rate of bone cement distributed on whole anterior vertebral body were not significantly different in both groups. The cement leakage was not also significantly different in both groups. Conclusion: Although the amount of injected bone cement was smaller in uniportal vertebroplasty, the radiological results and cement leakage were similar to biportal vertebroplasty. These findings suggest that uniportal vertebroplasty can be the operative options in osteoporotic vertebral fracture.