벼 大單位 增産團地栽培에 關한 經營實態調査 : 慶南地方의 5個 團地를 中心으로

金厚根,金正敎,尹泰圭,河湖成,張權烈 慶尙大學校 1975 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Recently large scale cooperative rice production system has been promoted. This cooperative rice production system is intended to promote introducing a set of new technology which may not be suitable for individual small scale farms to adopt. And this system is believed to be one of important public programs to achieve productivity growth policy goal in Korea. Nevertheless, there seem to exist several problems for this public program to widely introduce to over-all nation. This is one of main objectives that this study intends to investigate. In order to study comparative characteristics of the large scale rice cooperative farm in terms of resource base and organization 99 farms which are member farms and 100 farms which are non-member individual farms have been selected and interviewed from five large scale cooperative farm areas in Gyeong-Nam Province in 1974. The important findings can be summarized as follows: 1) Most of operators af both classes belong to age cohert 40∼50, but the average educational level for member farm operators is higher than that for non-member. 2) The average scale Of rice paddy for member farms, 13.1 tanbO, is larger than that for non-member, 10.6, and the same thing is true for average size of rice paddy plots which is, respectively, 805 pyeong and 690. 3) Completely irrigated paddy for member farms is 99 percent of total paddy owned whereas that for non-member is 81, and consolidated paddy for member farms is 67 percent while that for non-member is 26.4. On the other hand, technically improved paddy other than indicated above for member farms is 32 percent, but that for non-member is only 8.3. 4) Number of rice varieties adopted is 9 for both classes. The most popular variety for member farm is Akibare(36%) whereas that for non-member is Sadominori(29.3%) and Akibare (28.4%). 5) Labor used is 13.5 man per tanbo for member farms and 12.4 for non-member. More labor is used for improving soil quality and protection for member farms whereas less labor is used for preparatory works such as seed bed, sterilization, and water management in the case of the member farm. 6) In the case of member farms, the type of work which is achieved cooperatively by more than 70 percent is purchasing or exchaging seeds, sterilization, and plant protection. Despite seed bad, water management, transplanting and the like being more or less suitable for cooperative work, the proportion of those works done cooperatively is relatively small as compared to what we expected. 7) According to farmers interviewed, variety selection, plant protection, seed bed, transplanting fertilization, water management, and harvesting works are more easier for cooperation, in order importance. 8) Cooperative farmers were cultivating a leading variety, Tongil, which showed higher yields than ordinary varieties and had a desire to be released a new high yielding variety which has a characteristics of highly resistance to dsease and insect. 9) Cooperative farmers were forced to begin the nusery bed earlier than the individual farmers and to emphasize on the disease and insect control with more frequencies. 10) Cooperative farmers had benefits in the seedling transplanting earlier and higher planting density than individual farmers. 11) Cooperative farmers had an intention to apply a deep fertilization method arid to dress heavier nitrogen with a reasonable ratio of the basal fertilization to the top dressing. 12) Cooperative farmers had a convenient irrigation system and were available to adopt a summer drainage method. 13) Cooperative farmers controlled the weed with agricultural chemicals arid recognized the control effect of weedcides. 14) In general, it was recognized that there happened somewhat benefit result in disease control in the cooperative farm while a reasonable control effect was not found in heavy prevailing case. The dominant diseases found in the cooperative farm were sheath bright, strip disease and they were to he prevented with a strong efforts. 15) Rice stem borer and grass leaf roller were effelctivey controlled in the cooperative farm, however, plant hoppers was not completely controlled by the usual method because of its unexpected prevalence. 16) The most difficult thing to cooperate they indicate is to supply an adequate amount of labor at appropriate time in tire labor peak season. In this sense, it seems necessary to introduce field machinary in order to achieve the objective of large scale cooperative rice production. 17) Farmers interviewed believe that technology concerning yield increase is most important. in this respect, it is important to develop such new technology, to diseminate its results and to train good quality extension workers. 18) 42 percent of member farm operators indicate that the cooperative system was successful and 25 percent indicate failed. 29 percent of non-member farmers think that the cooperative farm system was successful and 7 percent of them think failed. Thus 55 percent of non-member farmers indicate they are willing to join to the system in the next year, 7 percent of them are not and others have not decided yet. 19) 60 percent of member farmers think that the scale and number of members of the system were too much large to successfully cooperate and 67 percent of them believe that cooperation among members were not very developed, and 42 percent of members suppose what the leader of individual active farms were not very well functioning. 20) Number of member farmers who believe that the yield level in this year is increased as compared that before joining to the system is 3,4 percent, and no one indicated that the yield level is decreased. On the other hand, 22 percent of them believe that by participating to the system the same quality of paddy could produce more rice. 21) About 93 percent of member farmers believe that the system may not lie survived without support of government and i priority must be given to yield technology. 22) About 80 percent of member operators indicate that they would partioipate to the program in the next production year and 23 percent of them indicate that they would participate with the same amount of paddy land as this year. 23) The rice yield level for member and non-member farms is, respectively, 406kg and 346 per tanbo, and the former is 17.3 percent higher than the latter. 24) The cash expenses per tanbo for member and non-member farms is, respectively, 12,311 won and 10,398. 25) The gross revenud per tanbo for both classes is, respectively, 60,024 won, and 51,303 when evaluated by the official price level, and the net income is, respectively, 47,713 won and 40,905. As seen above, the fact that the rice yield level of member farmers, hence, the income level turns out to be higher seems to stem from two basic factors; that is, on the average, the member farmers are operating farm with an improved resource base and they seem to use more the so called conventional inputs with a better yield technology and management. Thus we may conclude that it is important to invest to improve resource quality, to innovate new yield technology and diseminate this innovation. At the same time, in order to more promote the cooperative system, it seems desirable to solve the following problem areas: 1) Number of member farms and paddy area covered by one cooperaitve unit seems better not to he very large. This seems so because there is on much scale economies owing to the nature of technology available to adopt, whereas a large member unit may restrict opportunity of individual members to deeply involve in the process of decision making. Thus we recommend to continue to study finding an optimum size of the unit. 2) As implied already, quality as well as quantity of extension workers and other local officers who lead this program area crucial factor to expand number of unit of the system and hence to achieve the objective of the program. 3) In order to get rid of labor deficit, especially in the labor peak season farm mechanization seems necessary. For this matter, it is worthwhile to promote, first of all, to invent suitable field machinery, secondly, land consolidation and other land improvement projects, and thirdly to innovate a new technology system suitable to mechanized farming. At any rate, it is also necessary for the government to supply an adequate amount of credit and other administrative support.

독거노인과 가족동거노인의 신체적 건강상태와 건강행위에 관한 연구

장은희,김후자,권경남,정귀애,김연화,이인혜 영남이공대학 2004 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the physical health status and health behavior practice of in-home elderly in order to provide basic data for effective nursing intervention to promote health and quality of life. Method : The subjects for this study were 299 elderly persons in the D city. Data were collected by interview with questionnaires. Result : The ratio of chronic disease was higher for the elderly who live alone than the elderly who live with family. Arthritis was the most common chronic disease of the elderly in spite of the fact that either they live alone or live with family. The physical health status score of the elderly who live with family was statistically higher than the elderly who live alone. The health behavior score of the elderly who live with family was statistically higher than the elderly who live alone. Conclusion : To promote health behavior of the elderly, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention that considers sociocultural tradition and demographic character.

Texture Formation Behaviors in AZ80 Magnesium Alloy during High-Temperature Plane Strain Compression

Kim, Kwon Hoo,Choi, Jun Ho,Hwang, Kwang Il,Kwon, Han Sang,Okayasu, Kazuto,Fukutomi, Hiroshi Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2015 Advanced materials research Vol.1110 No.-

<P>The behavior of texture formation during high-temperature deformation in AZ80 magnesium alloy is investigated. Three kinds of specimens were machined out from rolled plates. The plane strain compression tests were conducted at various deformation conditions - temperature, strain and strain rate. After compression deformation, texture measurement was carried out on the mid-plane section parallel to the compression direction by the Schulz reflection method and EBSD measurement. The maximum values of the flow stress are observed in all the cases at the true stress - true strain curve for three type of specimens. It is found that the main component of texture and the accumulation of pole density vary depending on deformation condition and initial texture. Six kinds of crystal orientation components have been observed after deformation in total. (0001)<10-10> is formed regardless of the initial texture.</P>

Effects of ethanol exposure during early pregnancy in hyperactive, inattentive and impulsive behaviors and MeCP2 expression in rodent offspring.

Kim, Pitna,Park, Jin Hee,Choi, Chang Soon,Choi, Inah,Joo, So Hyun,Kim, Min Kyoung,Kim, Soo Young,Kim, Ki Chan,Park, Seung Hwa,Kwon, Kyoung Ja,Lee, Jongmin,Han, Seol-Heui,Ryu, Jong Hoon,Cheong, Jae Hoo Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2013 Neurochem Res Vol.38 No.3

<P>Prenatal exposure to alcohol has consistently been associated with adverse effects on neurodevelopment, which is collectively called fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Increasing evidence suggest that prenatal exposure to alcohol increases the risk of developing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like behavior in human. In this study, we investigated the behavioral effects of prenatal exposure to EtOH in offspring mice and rats focusing on hyperactivity and impulsivity. We also examined changes in dopamine transporter and MeCP2 expression, which may underlie as a key neurobiological and epigenetic determinant in FASD and hyperactive, inattentive and impulsive behaviors. Mouse or rat offspring born from dam exposed to alcohol during pregnancy (EtOH group) showed hyper locomotive activity, attention deficit and impulsivity. EtOH group also showed increased dopamine transporter and norepinephrine transporter level compared to control group in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. Prenatal exposure to EtOH also significantly decreased the expression of MeCP2 in both prefrontal cortex and striatum. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to EtOH induces hyperactive, inattentive and impulsive behaviors in rodent offspring that might be related to global epigenetic changes as well as aberration in catecholamine neurotransmitter transporter system.</P>

콜레스테롤담석 형성에서 소장통과시간의 역할에 관한 연구

김영수,최원,이진우,김인한,신용운,권계숙,이돈행,김범수,조현근,김형길,김선후,이건영 대한소화기학회 1999 대한소화기학회지 Vol.34 No.5

Background/Aims: Gallbladder motility and small intestinal transit govern the cycling frequency of bile salts and their hepatic secretion rate. Therefore, the impaired gallbladder motility and the delayed intestinal transit contribute to the formation of cholesterol gallstone by impeding the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts and causing gallbladder stasis. Patients with gallstone have multiple abnormalities in the lipid composition and physical chemistry of their gallbladder bile, which are associated with an increased proportion of deoxycholate (DCA). Namely, this increase of DCA seems to be a consequence of prolonged intestinal transit. We assessed whether prolonged intestinal transit might potentiate gallstone formation by impeding enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Methods: Thirty-two nonobese and normolipidemic subjects (15 control subjects and 17 patients with cholesterol stones) were studied. Taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholate (T-UDCA, 500 mg) was orally administered in the fasting state and plasma specimens were obtained successively every 30 minutes for 6 hours. The plasma profile of bile acids was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We determined the time for the first appearance of orally administered T-UDCA in the plasma, reflecting small intestinal transit time. Results: Small intestinal transit was delayed in the patients with cholesterol gallstones (control, 128±7.5 minutes vs. Patients, 247±15.1 minutes; p$lt;0.001). Conclusions: Prolonged small intestinal transit may contribute to the formation of cholesterol gallstone.

Combustion characteristics of gaseous inverse O₂/H₂ coaxial jet flames in a single-element model combustor

Kim, Tae Young,Choi, Sun,Kim, Young Hoo,Ahn, Yeong Jong,Kim, Hee Kyung,Kwon, Oh Chae Elsevier 2018 ENERGY Vol.155 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To effectively design hydrogen (H<SUB>2</SUB>)/oxygen (O<SUB>2</SUB>) liquid rocket engines through understanding the combustion characteristics of H<SUB>2</SUB>/O<SUB>2</SUB> bipropellants, fundamental studies for the bipropellants in different phases are needed. This study is focused on the combustion characteristics of inverse gaseous O<SUB>2</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB> coaxial jet flames in a single-element model combustor as a preliminary step for succeeding studies of injection at different phases in the combustor, visualizing flame structure by direct imaging, OH<SUP>∗</SUP> chemiluminescence and OH planar laser-induced fluorescence. With increasing Reynolds number (Re), the frequency of occurrence of the local flame extinction increases and the length of the disconnected OH reaction zone is extended. The OH layer thickness increases downstream, while it is almost constant where the local flame extinction occurs and decreases with increasing Re due to the enhanced strain and scalar-dissipation rates. The excessive flame wrinkledness increases the local flame strain rate and results in the local flame extinction, exhibiting the tendency of increasing and then decreasing flame surface density with increasing Re. The probability density function of OH intensity quantifies the fluctuation intensity of OH radicals and the possibility of the local flame extinction. A useful database is provided for modeling the combustion of H<SUB>2</SUB>/O<SUB>2</SUB> bipropellants under different phases.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A useful database for modeling the H<SUB>2</SUB>/O<SUB>2</SUB> bipropellant combustion is provided. </LI> <LI> Local flame extinction frequently occurs at high Reynolds number (<I>Re</I>). </LI> <LI> OH probability density function indicates the possibility of local extinction. </LI> <LI> Flame surface density increases and then decreases with increasing <I>Re</I>. </LI> <LI> Strong burning of O<SUB>2</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB> causes laminar-like combustion near the injector lip. </LI> </UL> </P>

Decursin prevents TPA-induced invasion through suppression of PKCα/p38/NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells

KIM, JEONG-MI,NOH, EUN-MI,KIM, MI-SEONG,HWANG, JIN-KI,HWANG, HONG-YEON,RYU, DO-GON,KIM, HYE-JUNG,YU, HONG-NU,YOU, YONG-OUK,KIM, JONG-SUK,YOUN, HYUN JO,KWON, KANG-BEOM,JUNG, SUNG HOO,LEE, YOUNG-RAE Spandidos Publications 2014 International journal of oncology Vol.44 No.5

Kinetics of Oxidative Roasting of Complex Copper Concentrate

Kim, Byung-Su,Kim, Eun-young,Kim, Chi-Kwon,Lee, Hoo-In,Sohn, Jeong-Soo The Japan Institute of Metals 2008 MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS Vol.49 No.5

<P>As copper concentrates are progressively becoming more complex and low in grades, it is meaningful to remove sulfur from complex copper concentrates for smelting them by a carbon reduction process. In the present work, a kinetic study on the oxidative roasting of complex copper concentrate was experimentally investigated under nonisothermal condition in air using TGA equipment. Nonisothermal experiments were carried out at various linear heating rates up to 1123 K. Intermediates formed in each stage of the oxidative roasting of the complex copper concentrate were identified. After the first weight loss step, sulfate compounds were mainly formed in the second stage, and about 55% of sulfur contained in the concentrate was removed. In the third stage, the sulfur removal reaction was carried out, the rest of sulfur was nearly removed in this stage. Kinetics of the third stage were analyzed from the dynamic TGA data by means of Coats and Redfern equation. The nucleation and growth model yielded a satisfactory fit to these experimental data.</P>

Guinea Pig에서 16, 16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2와 콜레스테롤이 담즙의 점액성 당단백질과 담석 형성에 미치는 영향

김영수,최원,장재남,이진우,김인한,신용운,권계숙,이돈행,김범수,장동섭,조현근,김형길,김선후 대한소화기학회 1999 대한소화기학회지 Vol.34 No.6

Background/Aims: Prostaglandins is proposed to be responsible for gallstone formation in the animal models by hypersecretion of mucus in the gallbladder. This study was performed to determine the effect of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) and cholesterol on mucous glycoprotein secretion of gallbladder in guinea pig. Methods: The prostaglandin was administered intraperitoneally to 30 guinea pigs fed with normal chow for 5 weeks at daily doses of 0 (controls), 15, 30 ㎍/kg (n=10 at each dose). There was another group (10 animals) fed with chow containing 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid and administered no dmPGE2. Results: The concentration of biliary mucous glycoprotein was significantly higher in the animals fed with chow containing 1% cholesterol and the animals treated with dmPGE2 than in the control animals (p$lt;0.05). The animals treated with dmPGE2 formed pigment gallstones, and the incidence was dose-dependent (p$lt;0.001). All animals fed with a cholesterol-rich diet also formed pigment gallstons. Infrared spectometry showed that the pigment gallstones contained calcium phosphate and calcium bilirubinate as major components. Conclusions: These results suggest that exogenous prostaglandin E2 increases concentration of mucous glycoprotein in the gallbladder bile and results in pigment gallstone formation through the mechanism similar to that of cholesterol-promoted gallstone formation.

Genetic structure and variability of the working dog inferred from microsatellite marker analysis

Kwon, Yun-Jeong,Choi, Bong-Hwan,Eo, Jungwoo,Kim, Choongrak,Jung, Yi-Deun,Lee, Ja-Rang,Choi, Yuri,Gim, Jeong-An,Lee, Dong-Hoon,Ha, Ji-Hong,Kim, Dae-Soo,Huh, Jae-Won,Kim, Tae-Hun,Seong, Hwan-Hoo,Kim, He Springer-Verlag 2014 Genes & Genomics Vol.36 No.2

Working dogs serve as military watch dogs, search dogs, rescue dogs, and guide dogs with un-come-at-able character. They are drafted by in-training examination including concentration, capacity for locomotion, boldness and earthly desires. In this study, genetic diversity and relationships among two groups of working dogs (pass and fail group in-training examination) were assessed based on 15 microsatellite markers in 25 individuals of working dogs (military watch dogs and Korean search dogs). For the 15 microsatellite markers, the values of allelic richness (A (R) ) ranged from 2.21 (pass group) to 1.60 (fail group) in military watch dogs, while A (R) ranged from 2.79 (pass group) to 2.72 (fail group) in Korean search dogs. Among 52 different alleles of military watch dogs, 22 alleles were detected in pass group only, while 8 alleles in fail group only. In case of Korean search dogs, 3 alleles were observed in pass group only, while 13 alleles in fail group only. These group-specific unique alleles reflect good biomarker for selecting working dogs (military watch dogs and Korean search dogs), indicating that those group specific microsatellite alleles could separate working dogs to be pass or fail group in out-training dog population. Taken together, this study demonstrates the feasibility of microsatellite analyses for the selection of superior working dogs objectively. Furthermore, this approach could be used for the proper selection of working dogs in combination with in-training examination.