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Jeong, Hyeonseok S.,Park, Jong-Sik,Yang, YoungSoon,Na, Seung-Hee,Chung, Yong-An,Song, In-Uk Korean Dementia Association 2017 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.16 No.1
<P><B>Background and Purpose</B></P><P>Although acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) treatment may have beneficial effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD), its underlying neural correlates remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate cerebral perfusion changes after ALC treatment in AD patients using technetium-<SUP>99</SUP>m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A total of 18 patients with early AD were prospectively recruited and treated with ALC at 1.5 g/day for 1.4±0.3 years. At baseline and follow-up, brain SPECT, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were used to assess participants. After ALC administration, changes in brain perfusion, severity of dementia, cognitive performance, and neuropsychiatric disturbances were examined.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>After ALC administration, changes in scores of MMSE, CDR, GDS, and NPI were not statistically significant (<I>p</I>>0.05). Voxel-wise whole-brain image analysis revealed that perfusion was significantly (<I>p</I><0.001) increased in the right precuneus whereas perfusion was reduced in the left inferior temporal gyrus (<I>p</I><0.001), the right middle frontal gyrus (<I>p</I><0.001), and the right insular cortex (<I>p</I>=0.001) at follow-up.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Although previous studies have suggested that AD patients generally demonstrate progressive deterioration in brain perfusion and clinical symptoms, this study reveals that the perfusion of the precuneus is increased in AD patients after ALC administration and their cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms are not aggravated. Further studies are warranted to determine the potential association between perfusion increase in the precuneus and clinical symptoms after ALC treatment in AD patients.</P>
Associations between Brain Perfusion and Sleep Disturbance in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
Im, Jooyeon J.,Jeong, Hyeonseok S.,Park, Jong-Sik,Na, Seung-Hee,Chung, Yong-An,Yang, YoungSoon,Song, In-Uk Korean Dementia Association 2017 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.16 No.3
<P><B>Background and Purpose</B></P><P>Although sleep disturbances are common and considered a major burden for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the fundamental mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of sleep disturbance in AD patients have yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and sleep disturbance in AD patients using technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A total of 140 AD patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Seventy patients were assigned to the AD with sleep loss (SL) group and the rest were assigned to the AD without SL group. SL was measured using the sleep subscale of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. A whole-brain voxel-wise analysis of brain SPECT data was conducted to compare the rCBF between the two groups.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The two groups did not differ in demographic characteristics, severity of dementia, general cognitive function, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, with the exception of sleep disturbances. The SPECT imaging analysis displayed decreased perfusion in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral temporal pole, and right precentral gyrus in the AD patients with SL group compared with the AD patients without SL group. It also revealed increased perfusion in the right precuneus, right occipital pole, and left middle occipital gyrus in the AD with SL group compared with the AD without SL group.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>The AD patients who experienced sleep disturbance had notably decreased perfusion in the frontal and temporal lobes and increased rCBF in the parietal and occipital regions. The findings of this study suggest that functional alterations in these brain areas may be the underlying neural correlates of sleep disturbance in AD patients.</P>
뇌과학 분야 기능적 연결체학의 발전 : 외상후스트레스장애를 중심으로
박신원,정현석,류인균,Park, Shinwon,Jeong, Hyeonseok S.,Lyoo, In Kyoon 대한생물정신의학회 2015 생물정신의학 Vol.22 No.3
Recent breakthroughs in functional neuroimaging techniques have launched the quest of mapping the connections of the human brain, otherwise known as the human connectome. Imaging connectomics is an umbrella term that refers to the neuroimaging techniques used to generate these maps, which recently has enabled comprehensive brain mapping of network connectivity combined with graph theoretic methods. In this review, we present an overview of the key concepts in functional connectomics. Furthermore, we discuss articles that applied task-based and/or resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine network deficits in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These studies have provided important insights regarding the etiology of PTSD, as well as the overall organization of the brain network. Advances in functional connectomics are expected to provide insight into the pathophysiology and the development of biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of PTSD.
고려 홍삼이 대뇌 백질 미세구조 및 인지기능에 미치는 효과 : 침입 오류를 중심으로
정현석,김영훈,이선호,염아림,강일향,김지은,이정현,반순현,임수미,이선혜,Jeong, Hyeonseok S.,Kim, Young Hoon,Lee, Sunho,Yeom, Arim,Kang, Ilhyang,Kim, Jieun E.,Lee, Junghyun H.,Ban, Soonhyun,Lim, Soo Mee,Lee, Sun Hea 대한생물정신의학회 2015 생물정신의학 Vol.22 No.2
Objectives Although ginseng has been reported to protect neuronal cells and improve various cognitive functions, relationship between ginseng supplementation and response inhibition, one of the important cognitive domains has not been explored. In addition, effects of ginseng on in vivo human brain have not been investigated using the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The purpose of the current study is to investigate changes in intrusion errors and white matter microstructure after Korean Red Ginseng supplementation using standardized neuropsychological tests and DTI. Methods Fifty-one healthy participants were randomly allocated to the Korean Red Ginseng (n = 26) or placebo (n = 25) groups for 8 weeks. The California Verbal Learning Test was used to assess the number of intrusion errors. Intelligence quotient (IQ) was measured with the Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25. The fractional anisotropy (FA) was measured from the brain DTI data. Results After the 8-week intervention, Korean Red Ginseng supplementation significantly reduced intrusion errors after adjusting age, sex, IQ, and baseline score of the intrusion errors (p for interaction = 0.005). Change in FA values in the left anterior corona radiata was greater in the Korean Red Ginseng group compared to the placebo group (t = 4.29, p = 0.04). Conclusions Korean Red Ginseng supplementation may be efficacious for improving response inhibition and white matter microstructure integrity in the prefrontal cortex.
대학교 재학생에서 Fatigue Severity Scale의 신뢰도 및 타당도 연구
이정현,정현석,임수미,조한별,마지영,고은,임주연,이선혜,배수진,이유진,류인균,정도언,Lee, Junghyun H.,Jeong, Hyeonseok S.,Lim, Soo Mee,Cho, Han Byul,Ma, Ji-Young,Ko, Eun,Im, Jooyeon J.,Lee, Sun Hea,Bae, Sujin,Lee, Yu-Jin,Lyoo, In Kyoon,Je 대한생물정신의학회 2013 생물정신의학 Vol.20 No.1
Objectives There are only a limited number of studies on instruments assessing fatigue in university students, although fatigue exerts negative influences on their health and academic performances and fatigue-related complaints are more frequently reported in young adults than middle-aged adults. The aim of this study was to validate the 9-item Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) among university students including both undergraduate and graduate students in South Korea. Methods A total of 176 university students completed a battery of self-report questionnaires, including the FSS, the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 version 2 (MOS-SF36v2), and the Inclusion of Community in the Self Scale (ICS). The data were collected from February of 2012 to June of 2012. The reliability, convergent validity, divergent validity, and exploratory factor analyses were conducted to assess psychometric properties of the FSS. Results The mean FSS score was 3.20 (standard deviation = 1.43). The FSS demonstrated an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = 0.93) and item-total correlations ranged from 0.56 to 0.90. Correlations of the FSS with the BFI (r = 0.71, p < 0.01), BDI-II (r = 0.54, p < 0.01), BAI (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), MOS-SF36v2 physical component summary (r = -0.28, p < 0.01), MOS-SF36v2 mental component summary (r = -0.55, p < 0.01), and ICS (Spearman's rho = -0.07, p = 0.33) showed acceptable convergent and divergent validity. Exploratory factor analysis defined one underlying factor (eigenvalue = 5.67) that explained 93.50% of the total variance. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate reliability and validity of the FSS in university students. The FSS exhibits good psychometric properties for evaluation of fatigue among university students in South Korea. Since the FSS is easy to administer, score, and interpret, it could be a useful tool in research and practice for assessing fatigue among university students.
유시영,최예지,김상준,정현석,마지영,김영훈,문소현,강일향,정유진,서채원,신경식,김지은,Yu, Si Young,Choi, Yejee,Kim, Sangjoon,Jeong, Hyeonseok S.,Ma, Jiyoung,Kim, Young Hoon,Moon, Sohyeon,Kang, Ilhyang,Jeong, Eujin,Suh, Chae Won,Shin, Kyun 대한생물정신의학회 2016 생물정신의학 Vol.23 No.3
Aggression and aggressive behaviors, often explained as harmful social interaction with the intention of hurting or inflicting damage upon another, have been considered as an adaptive mechanism from the evolutionary psychological point of view. However, various studies on aggression and aggressive behaviors have been done with psychopathological approach as the extreme aggressive behaviors may harm themselves and others at the same time. Recently, researchers have attempted to explain aggression in terms of neurobiological substrates rather than based on traditional psychopathological and/or behavioral concept. In this regard, there have been findings of differences in neurotransmitters and their receptors, and genetic polymorphisms. In this review article, we provide a brief overview of the literature about seven most frequently reported neurotransmitters including neurohormones (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, nitric oxide, oxytocin and vasopressin) and an associated enzyme (monoamine oxidase A), which are known to be related with aggression and aggressive behaviors.
Jin Bong Choi,Kang Jun Cho,Joon Chul Kim,Chung Ho Kim,Yong-An Chung,Hyeonseok S. Jeong,Yong Soo Shim,Jun Sung Koh 대한정신약물학회 2019 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.17 No.3
Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of daily low-dose tadalafil on cognitive function and to examine whether there was a change in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) and mild cognitive impairment. Methods: Male patients aged 50 to 75 years with at least three months of ED (International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF]-5 score ≤ 21) and mild cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] score ≤ 22) were included in the study. The subjects were prescribed a low-dose PDE5 inhibitor (tadalafil 5 mg) to be taken once daily for eight weeks. Changes in MoCA score and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study between the two time-points were assessed by paired t tests. Results: Overall, 30 male patients were assigned to the treatment group in this study and 25 patients completed the eight-week treatment course. Five patients were withdrawn due to adverse events such as myalgia and dizziness. Mean baseline IIEF and MoCA scores were 7.52 ± 4.84 and 18.92 ± 1.78. After the eight-week treatment, mean IIEF and MoCA scores were increased to 12.92 ± 7.27 (p < 0.05) and 21.8 ± 1.71 (p < 0.05), respectively. Patients showed increased relative regional CBF in the postcentral gyrus, precuneus, and brainstem after tadalafil administration versus at baseline (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this prospective clinical study suggest that daily use of tadalafil 5 m
신경범죄학 : 뇌영상을 활용한 공격성 및 범죄 행동의 이해
유시영,최예지,김상준,정현석,마지영,정유진,문소현,김영은,강일향,김영훈,신경식,김지은,Yu, Si Young,Choi, Yejee,Kim, Sangjoon,Jeong, Hyeonseok S.,Ma, Jiyoung,Jeong, Eujin,Moon, Sohyeon,Kim, Nicole Y.,Kang, Ilhyang,Kim, Young Hoon,Shin, Kyu 대한생물정신의학회 2016 생물정신의학 Vol.23 No.2
Criminology has been understood within a sociological framework until the emergence of neurocriminology, which describes, understands and predicts criminal behaviors from a neurobiological point of view. Not only using biological factors including genes and hormones to understand criminal behaviors, but also using neuroimaging techniques, the field of neurocriminology aims to delve into both structural and functional differences in the brain of individuals with aggression, antisocial personalities, and even the criminals. Various studies have been conducted based on this idea, however, there still are limitations for the knowledge from these studies to be used in the court. In this review article, we provide an overview of the various research in neurocriminology, and provide insight into the future direction and implication of the field.