Acrylamide assisted photoinitiator-free photografting of acrylamido dyes onto wool

Cao, S.,Jang, J. 한국섬유공학회 2017 Fibers and polymers Vol.18 No.6

<P>Upon UV irradiation wool fabrics can be photografted with photoactive acrylamido dyes at room temperature without photoinitiaors, which is eco-friendly coloration process compared with conventional adsorption-based dyeing. Acrylamide addition as a comonomer can improve the photografting probably by reducing the steric hindrance between the bulky dyes during the photocopolymerization. Even without photointiators and neutral salts, the optimal K/S values of the photografted wool reached upto 18.7 and 18.5 for Reactive Red 84 and Yellow 39 dyes respectively. The optimal UV-grafting coloration can be achieved when a UV energy of 25 J/cm(2) was irradiated on the padded fabrics with 6.3 %owf dye containing 0.65 mole ratio of acrylamide to the dyes. Furthermore, the color fastness of the grafted fabrics was as good as those of conventionally dyed fabrics due to the copolymerization of dyes and comonomers.</P>

Optical signatures of spin-orbit exciton in bandwidth-controlled Sr2IrO4 epitaxial films via high-concentration Ca and Ba doping

Souri, M.,Kim, B. H.,Gruenewald, J. H.,Connell, J. G.,Thompson, J.,Nichols, J.,Terzic, J.,Min, B. I.,Cao, G.,Brill, J. W.,Seo, A. American Physical Society 2017 Physical review. B Vol.95 No.23

<P>We have investigated the electronic and optical properties of (Sr1-xCax)(2)IrO4 (x = 0-0.375) and (Sr1-yBay)(2)IrO4 (y = 0-0.375) epitaxial thin films, in which the bandwidth is systematically tuned via chemical substitutions of Sr ions by Ca and Ba. Transport measurements indicate that the thin-film series exhibits insulating behavior, similar to the J(eff) = 1/2 spin-orbit Mott insulator Sr2IrO4. As the average A-site ionic radius increases from (Sr1-xCax)(2)IrO4 to (Sr1-yBay)(2)IrO4, optical conductivity spectra in the near-infrared region shift to lower energies, which cannot be explained by the simple picture of well-separated J(eff) = 1/2 and J(eff) = 3/2 bands. We suggest that the two-peak-like optical conductivity spectra of the layered iridates originates from the overlap between the optically forbidden spin-orbit exciton and the intersite optical transitions within the J(eff) = 1/2 band. Our experimental results are consistent with this interpretation as implemented by a multiorbital Hubbard model calculation: namely, incorporating a strong Fano-like coupling between the spin-orbit exciton and intersite d-d transitions within the J(eff) = 1/2 band.</P>

Hepatitis B virus reactivation in B-cell lymphoma patients treated with rituximab: Analysis from the Asia Lymphoma Study Group

Kim, S.J.,Hsu, C.,Song, Y.Q.,Tay, K.,Hong, X.N.,Cao, J.,Kim, J.S.,Eom, H.S.,Lee, J.H.,Zhu, J.,Chang, K.M.,Reksodiputro, A.H.,Tan, D.,Goh, Y.T.,Lee, J.,Intragumtornchai, T.,Chng, W.J.,Cheng, A.L.,Lim, Pergamon Press 2013 European journal of cancer Vol.49 No.16

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is increasing, as rituximab has become widely used for B-cell lymphoma. Thus, prevention and management of HBV reactivation are important in HBV-endemic areas. Methods: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients and HBsAg-negative/HBV core antibody (HBcAb)-positive patients who received rituximab-containing chemotherapy was investigated by the Asia Lymphoma Study Group via retrospective (n=340), and the results were compared to cross-sectional analysis with patients who were prospectively monitored in a single institute (n=127). The goal of the study was to define the frequency of HBV reactivation and the efficacy of antiviral prophylaxis. Results: HBV reactivation was found in 27.8% of HBsAg-positive patients (45/162) in the retrospective analysis, being significantly less frequent in patients receiving antiviral prophylaxis than those not (22.9%, 32/140 versus 59.1%, 13/22; p<0.001). Lamivudine was most commonly used (96/162, 59.3%), but more than 20% of HBsAg-positive patients showed breakthrough HBV reactivation. In the cross-sectional analysis, a reduced rate of HBV reactivation occurred for entecavir as compared with lamivudine prophylaxis (6.3% versus 39.3%; p<0.05). HBV DNA monitoring of HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-positive patients in the cross-sectional analysis showed HBV reactivation in only 2.4% of cases. Conclusions: This is the largest study of HBV reactivation in patients receiving rituximab-containing chemotherapy to date, and we defined the probability of HBV reactivation in an HBV-endemic region.

Field-domain dynamics and current self-oscillations in negative-effective-mass terahertz oscillators

Cao, J.C.,Qi, M. The Korean Vacuum Society 2003 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.12 No.1

Field-domain dynamics and current self-oscillations are theoretically studied in quantum-well (QW) negative-effective-mass (NEM) $p^{+}pp^{+}$ diodes when the electric field is applied along the direction of the well. The origin of current self-oscillations is the formation and traveling of electric-field domains in the p-base. We have accurately considered the scattering contributions from carrier-impurity, carrier-acoustic phonon, and carrier-optic phonon. It's indicated that, both the applied bias and the doping concentration largely influence the current patterns and self-oscillating frequencies, which lie in the THz range for the NEM $p^{+}pp^{+}$ diode with a submicrometer p-base. The complicated field-domain dynamics is presented with the applied bias as the controlling parameter.

Real-time detection of focal position of workpiece surface during laser processing using diffractive beam samplers

Cao, B.X.,Hoang, P.,Ahn, S.,Kim, J.o.,Sohn, H.,Noh, J. Applied Science Publishers 2016 Optics and lasers in engineering Vol.86 No.-

The real-time fabrication of microgrooves on a curved surface using a laser beam, without preprogramming their shapes into the machining instructions, is a major challenge in laser processing owing to limitations associated with the real-time detection of the focal position. A new approach using a sampled fraction of the beam from a diffractive beam sampler (DBS) is therefore presented in order to overcome this limitation. By considering the sampled fraction of the beam an analysis of the results allows for precise positioning of the specimen for focal-point identification. This allows for the determination of the focus for a broad variety of laser types and laser powers, thereby providing stringent focusing conditions with high numerical apertures. This approach is easy to implement, inexpensive, independent of the roughness or granularity of the workpieces, and more importantly does not require auxiliary lasers and displacement sensors for real-time measurement during the fabrication process.

Formulation, release characteristics and bioavailability of novel monolithic hydroxypropylmethylcellulose matrix tablets containing acetaminophen

Cao, Q.R.,Choi, Y.W.,Cui, J.H.,Lee, B.J. Elsevier Science Publishers 2005 Journal of controlled release Vol.108 No.2

Effect of incorporating pharmaceutical excipients on the in vitro release profiles and the release mechanism of monolithic hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (4000 cps) matrix tablets (m-HPMC tablets) in terms of mimicking the dual drug release character of bi-layered Tylenol® ER tablets was studied. We also compared the in vitro release profiles of optimized m-HPMC matrix tablet and Tylenol® ER tablet in water, pH 1.2 gastric fluid, and pH 6.8 intestinal fluid, and in vivo drug bioavailabilities in healthy human volunteers. Acetaminophen was used as the model drug. The m-HPMC tablets were prepared using a wet granulation method followed by direct compression. Release profiles and swelling rates of m-HPMC tablets were found to be highly influenced by the types and amounts of pharmaceutical excipients incorporated. Starch 1500 (Prejel®) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) played a key role in determining the dissolution rate of m-HPMC tablets. Additional excipients, i.e., microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH101) and NaH<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> were used to tune the release profiles of m-HPMC tablets. The effect of pharmaceutical excipients on drug release from HPMC-based matrix tablets was found to be mainly due to a change in hydrophilic gel expansion and on physical interactions between the drug and HPMC. The optimized m-HPMC tablet with a balanced ratio of Prejel®, SLS, Avicel® PH101, and NaH<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> in the formulation showed dual release profiles in water, pH 1.2 gastric fluid, and pH 6.8 intestinal fluid in vitro. Dual release was defined as immediate drug release within few minutes followed by extended release over 8 h. The similarity factors of m-HPMC tablets and bi-layered Tylenol® ER tablets were 79.8, 66.1, and 82.7 in water, gastric fluid and intestinal fluid, respectively, indicating the equivalence of the two release profiles. No significant in vivo bioavailability differences were observed in healthy human volunteers. The developed m-HPMC tablet with dual release characteristics can be easily prepared using a conventional high-speed tablet machine and could provide an alternative to commercially available bilayered Tylenol® ER tablets.

Kodaira dimension of algebraic fiber spaces over abelian varieties

Cao, J.,Pă,un, M. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Inventiones mathematicae Vol.207 No.1

<P>In this article we provide a proof of the Iitaka conjecture for algebraic fiber spaces over tori.</P>

China Spallation Neutron Source: Accelerator Design Iterations and R&D Status

J. Wei,C.-D. Deng,C.-H. Wang,C.-T. Shi,H. Sun,H.-F. Ouyang,H.-M. Qu,H.-Y. Dong,J. Li,J. Zhang,J.-S. Cao,J.-Y. Tang,L. Dong,L.-L. Wang,Q. Qin,Q.-B. Wang,S. Wang,S.-N. Fu,S.-X Fang,T. -G. Xu,W. Kang,Y.- 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.I

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high-power, accelerator-based project currently under preparation. The accelerator complex consists of an H$^-$ ion source, an H$^-$ linac, a rapid-cycling proton synchrotron, and the transport lines. During the past year, the design of most accelerator systems went through major iterations, and initial research and developments was started on the prototyping of several key components.

Field - domain dynamics and current self - oscillations in negative - effective - mass terahertz oscillators

J. C. Cao,M. Qi 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2003 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.12 No.S1

Field-domain dynamics and current self-oscillations are theoretically studied in quantum-well (QW) negative-effectivemass(NEM) p^+pp^+ diodes when the electric field is applied along the direction of the well. The origin of current self-oscillations is the formation and traveling of electric-field domains in the p-base. We have accurately considered the scattering contributions from carrier-impurity, carrier-acoustic phonon, and carrier-optic phonon. It's indicated that, both the applied bias and the doping concentration largely influence the current patterns and self-oscillating frequencies, which lie in the ㎔ range for the NEM p^+pp^+ diode with a submicrometer p-base. The complicated field-domain dynamics is presented with the applied bias as the controlling parameter.

Synthesis, optical properties, and energy transfer of Ce³⁺/Tb³⁺ co-doped M_yGdF_x (M=Li, Na, K)

Cao, C.,Luo, Z.,Guo, S.,Cao, R.,Noh, H.M.,Jeong, J.H.,Xie, A. Pergamon 2014 Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomole Vol.133 No.-

<P>Through a solid-state reaction method, the Ce3+/Tb3+ co-doped MyGdFx (M = Li, Na, K; x = 3, 4, 6; y = 0, 1, 3) system samples have been synthesized by controlling the annealing temperatures and the ratios of raw materials. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra as well as luminescent dynamic decay curves. The experimental results suggest that the LiF is more difficult to react with the prepared material compared that of NaF or KF under similar reaction conditions. The samples crystallized in different crystalline phases. The energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ or Ce3+ to Gd3+ to Tb3+ has been observed in all the samples. The Ce3+ and Tb3+ present different optical properties for they are sensitive to the local environment. In addition, the deduced lifetime of Tb3+ D-5(4) -> F-7(5) transition decreases in the same system samples with the annealing temperature increasing. The deduced lifetime of Tb3+ D-5(4) -> F-7(5) also decreases with the increase of the KF concentration in the KF system samples. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>