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정신장애인 치료에 중요 역할 담당자의 정신질환에 대한 태도조사
김병후,정선욱,강연화,김윤,김창엽,홍진표,한오수,조맹제,김용익 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.5
Objectives : Attitudes of families of mentally ill, health personnels and community leaders to the mentally ill after the development and utilization of the community mental health program and reintegration of the chronically ill patients into society. This study was designed to compare the attitudes toward the mentally ill patient of the persons who have important role in treating the mentally ill and to find the variables influencing the attitudes. Methods : We measured attitudes toward mental illness in psychotic patients' families(N=139), community leaders(N=180) and health personnels(N=324) including mental health personnels before the implementation of community mental health services in Yonchon county and Seodaemun district area. The instrument used to measure attitudes was Opinion about Mental Illness(O. M. I.) scale. Results : 1) Health personnel showed lower Authoritarianism(Factor A) and higher Benevolence(Factor B) scores on the average than community leaders and psychotic patients families. 2) Current residence affect the attitudes in psychotic patients' families, not in community leaders and health personnels. Families in urban area showed lower Authoritarianism(Factor A) and Social Restrictiveness(Factor D) and higher Benevolence(Factor B) scores than in the rural areas. 3) Many patient variables were correlated to the attitudes of families. Duration of illness, number of recurrence, number of admission, age of patient and family burden were positively correlated mainly to Social Restrictiveness(Factor D). 4) Sex and religion of respondents showed no or weak relationship with the factor scores. Conclusions : Education for community leaders and families is required to achieve successful community mental health services. Community support program should be developed for chronic, recurrent and burdensome psychiatric patients in the first place.
Hybridization에 의한 반수체 재조합 효모균주의 전분 발효능 증진
박선영,김근,이창후 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.6
Hybridization을 통하여 α-amylase와 glucoamylase를 동시에 분비하는 재조합 단수체 효모균주 Saccharomyces diastaticus K114의 전분분해력, 에탄올내성, 당내성, 고온내성등의 발효특성을 증진시키고자 하였다. 이 단수체 효모균주와 glucoamylase의 활성이 좋고 여러가지 발효능이 우수한 단수체 효모균주 S. diastaticus 1177과의 hybridization 결과 얻어진 hybrid HH64주는 에탄올내성, 고온과 당내성이 증진되었으며, 특히 4%의 전분으로부터 1.6%(w/v)의 에탄올을 생산하여, 1.30%(w/v)의 에탄올을 생산한 재조합균주 S. diastaticus K114보다 전분으로부터 에탄올 생성능이 크게 증진되었다. 한편 이 HH64균주의 전분발효에 있어서의 최적온도 및 pH는 각각 30℃와 5이어다. 개발된 hybrid 효모 HH64sms 20%의 전분으로부터 7.5(w/v)의 에탄올을 직접 생산하였다. To improve the fermentation characteristics(such as starch-degradability, ethanol tolerance, sugar and high-temperature tolerance) of recombinant haploid yeast Saccharomyces diastaticus K114, hybridization technique was used. The hybridization partner was S. diastaticus 1177 which had good glucoamylase activity and fermentability. The best hybrid HH64 showed improved ethanol tolerance, sugar and high-temperature tolerance. Especially, the starch-fermentability was significantly improved, since the hybrid produced 1.60% (w/v) ethanol from 4% (w/v) starch, while the recombinant haploid K114 produced 1.30% (w/v) ethanol. The optimum temperature and pH for the starch-fermentation by the hybrid HH64 was 30℃ and 5, respectively. The hybrid yeast HH64 produced 7.5% (w/v) ethanol directly from 20% (w/v) starch.
매설방법과 차량하중에 따른 벤더형 압전에너지 하베스터의 설계 및 평가
김창일,정영훈,윤지선,조정호,백종후,장용호,최범진,박신서,조영봉,Kim, Chang-Il,Jeong, Young-Hun,Yun, Ji-Sun,Cho, Jeong-Ho,Paik, Jong-Hoo,Jang, Yong-Ho,Choi, Beom-Jin,Park, Shin-Seo,Cho, Young-Bong 한국전기전자재료학회 2016 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.29 No.5
A road energy harvester was designed and fabricated to convert mechanical energy from the vehicle load to electrical energy. The road energy harvester is composed of 20 piezoelectric materials. This study attempted to evaluate output depending on pavement materials when paving road piezoelectric energy harvester in the road. Harvester is the bender type and is the method of supporting the both ends of piezoelectric material and applying the load in the middle part. Harvester was paved in the type paved with asphalt, type paved with cement and in the exposed type not covering the top of harvester. The output characteristics were compared and evaluated depending on changes in vehicle load and vehicle speed changes. As vehicles, truck (11.9 ton), SUV(1.6 ton) and sedan (1.5 ton) were used and the output characteristics when driving at the interval of 10 km/h from 10 km/h to 100 km/h were evaluated.
Chang, Hoo-Sun,Park, Eun-Cheol,Chung, Woo-Jin,Nam, Chung-Mo,Choi, Kui-Son,Cho, Eun,Cho, Woo-Hyun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.6
Background: There are limited data evaluating the cost-effectiveness of gastric cancer screening using endoscopy or upper gastrointestinal x-ray in the general population. Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of population-based screening for gastric cancer in South Korea by decision analysis. Methods: A time-dependent Markov model for gastric cancer was constructed for healthy adults 30 years of age and older, and a deterministic sensitivity analysis was performed. Cost-utility analysis with multiple strategies was conducted to compare the costs and effects of 13 different screening alternatives with respect to the following eligibility criteria: age at the beginning of screening, screening interval, and screening method. The main outcome measurement was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Results: The results revealed that annual endoscopic screening from ages 50-80 was the most cost-effective for the male population. In the females, biennial endoscopy screening from ages 50-80 was calculated as the most cost-effective strategy among the 12 screening alternatives. The most cost-effective screening strategy may be adjustable according to the screening costs and the distribution of cancer stage at screening. The limitation was that effectiveness data were obtained from published sources. Conclusions: Using the threshold of $19,162 per quality-adjusted life year on the basis of the Korean gross domestic product (2008), as suggested by the World Health Organization, endoscopic gastric cancer screening starting at the age of 50 years was highly cost-effective in the Korean population. The national recommendation for gastric cancer screening should consider the starting age of screening, the screening interval, and the screening modality.
Chang, Hoo Sun,Odongua, Nemekhee,Ohrr, Heechoul,Sull, Jae Woong,Nam, Chung Mo The North American Menopause Society 2011 Menopause Vol.18 No.11
OBJECTIVE:: The relationship between reproductive factors and the risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate this relationship in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS:: Subcohort analysis was carried out using the data of 3,257 postmenopausal women (age, ≥55 y at study entry) from the Kangwha Cohort Study who were followed up from 1985 until 2005. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations between reproductive factors and cardiovascular disease mortality. RESULTS:: The risk of cardiovascular mortality in women who were 20 to 22 years old at first childbirth was 26% lower (95% CI, 0.60-0.92) than that in women younger than 20 years at first childbirth, after adjustment for age at entry, body mass index, hypertension, drinking, smoking, education, and occupation. Early first childbirth was associated with increased cardiovascular disease mortality (P trend = 0.036). The risk of coronary heart disease mortality was 51% lower in women who were 17 to 18 years old at menarche (95% CI, 0.25-0.95) than that in women who were younger than 17 years at menarche. CONCLUSIONS:: An inverse relationship between age at first childbirth and the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality exists. In addition, early menarche may be a reproductive risk factor for coronary heart disease mortality.
The Socioeconomic Burden of Coronary Heart Disease in Korea
Chang, Hoo-Sun,Kim, Han-Joong,Nam, Chung-Mo,Lim, Seung-Ji,Jang, Young-Hwa,Kim, Se-Ra,Kang, Hye-Young The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2012 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.45 No.5
Objectives: We aimed to estimate the annual socioeconomic burden of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Korea in 2005, using the National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data. Methods: A prevalence-based, top-down, cost-of-treatment method was used to assess the direct and indirect costs of CHD (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes of I20-I25), angina pectoris (I20), and myocardial infarction (MI, I21-I23) from a societal perspective. Results: Estimated national spending on CHD in 2005 was $2.52 billion. The majority of the spending was attributable to medical costs (53.3%), followed by productivity loss due to morbidity and premature death (33.6%), transportation (8.1%), and informal caregiver costs (4.9%). While medical cost was the predominant cost attribute in treating angina (74.3% of the total cost), premature death was the largest cost attribute for patients with MI (66.9%). Annual per-capita cost of treating MI, excluding premature death cost, was $3183, which is about 2 times higher than the cost for angina ($1556). Conclusions: The total insurance-covered medical cost ($1.13 billion) of CHD accounted for approximately 6.02% of the total annual NHI expenditure. These findings suggest that the current burden of CHD on society is tremendous and that more effective prevention strategies are required in Korea.
Chang, Hoo-Sun,Kim, Hyeon-Chang,Ahn, Song-Vogue,Hur, Nam-Wook,Suh, Il The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2007 예방의학회지 Vol.40 No.5
Objectives: Although risk factors for coronary artery disease are also associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), there is little information available on the asymptomatic, young adult population. We examined the association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and the common carotid IMT in 280 young Korean adults. Methods: The data used for this study was obtained from 280 subjects (130 men and 150 women) aged 25 years who participated in the Kangwha Study follow-up examination in 2005. We measured cardiovascular risk factors, including anthropometries, blood pressure, blood chemistry, carotid ultrasonography, and reviewed questionnaires on health behaviors. Risk factors were defined as values above the sex-specific 75th percentile of systolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, fasting blood glucose and smoking status. Results: The mean carotid IMT${\pm}$standard deviation observed was $0.683{\pm}0.079mm$ in men and $0.678{\pm}0.067mm$ in women (p=0.567) and the evidence of plaque was not observed in any individuals. Mean carotid IMT increased with an increasing number of risk factors(p for trend <0.001) and carotid IMT values were 0.665 mm, 0.674 mm, 0.686 mm, 0.702 mm, and 0.748 mm for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 to 5 risk factors, respectively. The odds ratio for having the top quartile carotid IMT in men with 3 or more risk factors versus 0-2 risk factors was 5.09 (95% CI, 2.05-12.64). Conclusions: Current findings indicate the need for prevention and control of cardiovascular risk factors in young adults and more focus on those with multiple cardiovascular risk factors.