The level of urinary aflatoxin M1 in Korean adults

Yong-Dae Kim1, Hyojin Kwon, Sun-In Moon, Sang-Yong Eom, Jung-Duk Park, Byung-Sun Choi, Seok-Joon Sohn, Young-Seoub Hong, Ho Kim, Ho-Jang Kwon, Ji-Ae Lim, Hae-Jung Yoon, Gwang-Jin Kim, Heon Kim 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.3

Competitive ELISA methods were used to measure the level of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from urine in 1008 Korean adults. Subjects were selected by random sampling in all areas of Korea, except Cheju-do. The recovery rate of AFM1 using this method was 105% (73-124%). The geometric mean of urinary AFM1 in all subjects was 3.43 pg/mL (3.67 ng/g creatinine). The level of AFM1 in males was statistically higher, compared with female subjects. However, the levels of AFM1 did not differ according to age. Subjects in Chungbuk-do showed the highest urinary AFM1 concentration, whereas subjects in Kyeongnam-do showed the lowest concentration. Assuming an excretion rate of 5%, this AFM1 excretion corresponds to approximately 0.1 microgram/day in Korean adults.

Protective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 against tacrolimus-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells

Lee, Dahae,Lee, Dong-Soo,Jung, Kiwon,Hwang, Gwi Seo,Lee, Hye Lim,Yamabe, Noriko,Lee, Hae-Jeong,Eom, Dae-Woon,Kim, Ki Hyun,Kang, Ki Sung The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.1

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effects of six ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg1, and Rg3) isolated from Panax ginseng against tacrolimus (FK506)-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells. Methods: LLC-PK1 cells were treated with FK506 and ginsenosides, and cell viability was measured. Protein expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinases, caspase-3, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were evaluated by Western blotting analyses. The number of apoptotic cells was measured using an image-based cytometric assay. Results: Reduction in cell viability by $60{\mu}M$ FK506 was ameliorated significantly by cotreatment with ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1. The phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and KIM-1, and cleavage of caspase-3, increased markedly in LLC-PK1 cells treated with FK506 and significantly decreased after cotreatment with ginsenoside Rb1. The number of apoptotic cells decreased by 6.0% after cotreatment with ginsenoside Rb1 ($10{\mu}M$ and $50{\mu}M$). Conclusion: The antiapoptotic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on FK506-induced apoptosis were mediated by the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases and caspase activation.

스포츠 외상에 의한 척추·척수손상 분석

김대경,임완기,임정일,김범수,추해광,강은균 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.2

I have researched 46 examples, 43 are spinal column and cord injury and 3 are thoracic vertebrae and cord injury, of J hospital S health caring center. 46 patients were cured by this J hospital medical staffs, and their external injury were caused by sports accidents. I have acquired next four meaningful conclusions. First, the external injury caused by golf sports are 24 cases, and this is the primary cause of injury. Second, high-rank bonn fracture are 78.8 percent in C4, C5, C6 situation. And the bone-fracture, tear-drop fracture, figure in the activity of gold is 45.8 percent, and fracture dislocation is 63.2 percent in other sports activities. Third, there are twenty six cases of paralysis that links frankel C. Four, the sports injuries such as bone fracture are able to prevent by education and effective learning programs.

授受表現에 관한 考察 : 視點을 中心으로 Centering around a Point of View

김혜림 청주대학교 인문과학연구소 1999 人文科學論集 Vol.19 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate about a expression of giving and receiving of the particular expressions centering around a point of view in Japanese. In this case, a restriction is not a absolute one but a relative one that depends on who acts whom. A speaker at this time includes not only himself but also everyone being consciousness in an inside. A viewpoint of a verb of giving and receiving in Japanese distinguishes a viewpoint centering around subject from viewpoint centering around object. A viewpoint of verb 'yaru' is in subject or has the dative object and neutral viewpoint. But it has neutral viewpoint when subject is not the first person. That's why a speaker himself is against a rule of hierarchy. What 'yaru' does not appear neutral viewpoint when it is used as supplementary verb is different. That's why main verb connecting to a verb 'yaru' plays a role for it. But it is natural that it should take charge of it's role when 'yaru'is used as main verb. A viewpoint should be in the dative object whether a verb 'kure' is used as main verb or as supplementary verb. Therefore, we can recognize that 'kure' is stronger than 'yaru' in the character of viewpoint. The viewpoint of a verb 'morau' is natural that the chief object consists in the position of subject. But the viewpoint is in the subject because it selects the object of the action in that position.' temorau' using as supplementary verb is a particular expression in Japanese without having in Korean. As we can see in the expression of giving and receiving, Japanese is a language that is strong in the character of viewpoint regarding his own viewpoint important.

관계형 데이터베이스에 기반한 OWL의 저장 및 검색 시스템 설계 및 구현

金宣炅,林海喆 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2005 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.-

To overcome limitations of current web, Semantic Web was conceived by Tim Berners Lee. Unlike the current web, in the Semantic Web, metadata and ontology will play important roles for advanced information retrieval systems, efficient integration of applications, and automatically configured web services For describing the semantics and reasoning about information resources on the Web, the standard models, such as RDF(Resource Description Framework), RDF Schema, OWL(Web Ontology Language), are supposed by W3C. We classify the extended elements for OWL from RDF Schema. The extended functions for OWL are equivalent relationship, heterogeneous relationship, inverse relationship, union relationship, and intersection relationship. We propose the method of storing OWL using RDB for interoperability with many applications based on RDB, and propose available query patterns and extended RQL for supporting OWL. In this paper, we propose retrieval service model of retrieval system for online news on the Web. The proposed retrieval system integrates heterogeneous news documents on the Web using ontology based on OWL. And the proposed retrieval system provides advanced search function. We are developing the proposed retrieval system.

유리섬유에 의한 피부질환 및 임상적 진단

임현술,김정란,정해관,김수근 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the health hazards and to develop diagnostic methods of glass fiber workers. We examined 40 male glass fiber workers(exposure group) and 57 male non-glass fiber workers (reference group) with a questionnaire, physical examination, chest x-ray and pathological examination in Mar, 1997. Also we examined 65 male glass fiber workers(exposure group) and 42 male non-glass fiber workers(reference group)with the same methods also we did some energy-dispersive x-ray analyses with a scanning electron microscopic examination in Sep, 1997. Most of the clinical symptoms were significantly more frequent among the exposure group than the reference group. Coughing(32.5%), itching of the nose(30.0%), irritation of eyes(27.5%), irritation of the nose(25.0%) and sputum(22.5%) were the major symptoms among the exposure group in Mar, 1997. Only itching of the nose was significantly more frequent in Sep, 1997. No cases of pneumoconiosis were observed among the groups and there were no differences in chest abnormalities between the exposure group with the reference group on both examinations. The prevalence of dermatosis among the exposure group was 20.0% (8cases) and the cumulative prevalence was 72.5%(29 cases) in Mar, 1997. The prevalence of dermatosis among the exposure group was 23.1% (15 cases)and the cumulative prevalence was 58.5%(38 cases) in Sep, 1997. Onset of dermatosis among the exposure group was most frequent within one month after handling. The frequent sites of skin lesions were the hands and arms on both examinations. Glass fiber induced skin lesions can be diagnosed by the scotch tape method or KOH mount and then can be examined under the light, polarizing and phase-contrast microcopies. Glass fibers can be identified by some energy-dispersive x-ray analyses with a scanning electron microscopic examination.

멀티미디어 데이터베이스에서의 질의처리를 위한 필터링 방법 연구

임해철,김병곤,한정운 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2000 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.11 No.-

With the prevalence of multimedia data such as images content-based retrieval of data is becoming increasingly important. To handle multimedia data, multi-dimensional indexing methods such as the R-tree, R*-tree, TV-tree, MVP-tree and Pyramid-technique have been proposed. Numerous research results on how to effectively manipulate these structures have been presented during the last decade. Query processing strategies, which is important for reducing the processing time, is one such area of research. Much of the research on query processing of multimedia data have focused on two aspects, namely, range query and k-nearest-neighbor query (k-NNQ). This paper proposes algorithms for range query processing for R-tree based structures. The novel aspect of these algorithms is that they make use of the notion of VP filtering, a concept borrowed from the MVP-tree. By so doing, we attain considerable performance benefits while paying insignificant overhead during the construction of the index structure. Also, we retain the dynamic feature of R-tree based structures. In the remainder of this section, we briefly review the basics of relevant tree structures. Based on these discussions, we present the motivation behind the introduction of the notion of VP filtering. Despite success of proxy cache in the internet, proxy cache is not efficient for multimedia stream such as video and audio. In this paper, we propose a new proxy cache policy and a efficient cache replacement algorithm for multimedia stream. We expect that a new proxy cache policy is efficient for multimedia stream.

무용 수업에서의 교사의 신체성에 관한 연구

김혜림 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

In this study, learning was regarded as involvement of "self others thing/material", and critical examination was performed on a study evaluation as objective leading shill performed so far. By paying one's attention more to a teacher's physical nature, it aimed at clarifying the phase of the physical which fulfilled its function of the evaluation which was not visible until now, Moreover, the key, which found out the state of the study evaluation focused on study of a child by that was shown. Therefore, "mind" and "body" were regarded as one thing and examination was carried out with the physical theory which studies states in which the physical exists as a phenomenon caused by the living physical which presents a certain function to "now and here Furthermore, from the body of teacher who appeared in classes of physical education, an evaluation act was extracted and studied, and analysis and examination was performed on the body of the teacher who conducted evaluation Consequently, the following points became clear. ·When a teacher thinks a great deal of a child in the first place and does an act by classes, the act including evaluation is generated, and the body to evaluate gas appeared. ·What is evaluated physically is made possible because a teacher circulates "the physical conditioned by the system" and "my physical And a useful standard or not only a principle standard but the evaluation standard overlooked so far called a sympathy standard in generated. ·The body of teacher for evaluation aids a child in assessing the significance of a movement, On the other hand, it is the body, which tries to interpret that. As mentioned above, in this study, the phase of the new body of teacher for evaluation was found out in the body layer. And it suggested the importance of the function in giving classes. From now on, it clarifies in giving classes of the structure of generation of the body for evaluation based on the result obtained by this study.

일개 자동차 부품공장 근로자에서 초음파로 측정한 수근관 형태와 수근관증후군 위험도

김덕수,정해관,임현술,권용욱,이종민,조대현,최대섭 大韓産業醫學會 2002 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.14 No.3

목적 : 일개 사업장의 생산직 근로자를 대상으로 손목 계측치 및 초음파를 이용한 수근관 계측치의 상관성 분석을 통하여 수근관증후군 발생에 관여하는 개인의 감수성 및 위험요인을 파악하여 생산직 근로자들의 수근관증후군 예방에 활용하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 방법 : 경주시에 위치한 자동차 방음재를 생산하는 사업장에 생산직 근로자 남자 24명, 여자 11명 등 총 35명을 대상으로 2000녀 4월과 2000년 10월 반드시 각 설문조사, 이학적검사, 전기진단검사를 실시하였으며, 2000년 10월에는 초음파를 이용한 수근관계측도 실시하였다. 결과 : 수근관증후군의 신체계측 요인에 따른 분석에서는 수근관 전치/폭 비가 0.17 미만인 군에 비하여 0.17 이상인 군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 총 수근관 면적(두께×폭)은 300 ㎟이상인 군에 비하여 300㎟ 미만인 군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 성별을 통제변수로 처리한 신체 계측치간 상간 분석에서는 수근관폭은 전기진단 검사와 음의 상관성을 보였으며, 수근관 두께는 전기진단 검사와 양의 상관성을 보였다. 수근관 두께/폭 비는 전기진단 검사와 양이 상관성을 보였으며, 수근관비 전치/두께 비는 전기진단 검사 결과와 음의 상관성을 보였다. 하부 수근관 면적[폭×(두께-전치)]은 전기진단 검사와 양의 상관성을 보였으며, 상부 수근관 면적(폭×전치)은 전기진단 검사와 음의 상관성을 보였다. 또한 수근관 전치의 상대적 비가 클수록 수근관증후군의 회복이 유의하게 좋았다. 결론 : 수근관증후군은 수근관 폭이 좁을수록, 수근관 두께가 두꺼울수록, 수근관 전치가 작을수록 수근관증후군 위험도가 증가한다. 저자들은 초음파를 이용한 수근관 형태의 측정은 수근관증후군의 발생의 내적 요인에 대한 중요한 정보를 제공하면 수근관증후군 발생 및 회복의 개별적 위험요인을 예측하는데 중요한 근거를 제공하는 것으로 판단하였다. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate individual susceptibility to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) by ultrasonographic measurement of the carpal tunnel configuration in workers doing repetitive work. Methods: The study subjects consisted of 24 male and 11 female workers in a soundproof material manufacturing company in Gyeongju. We conducted a self-reported questionnaire survey, a physical examination and an electrodiagnostic study (EDS) in April 2000. After the examination, jobs were rearranged for workers with CTS. A follow up physical examination. EDS, and measurement of the carpal tunnel by ultrasonography was done six monsths later. Results: Of those studied. prevalence or CTS was 63.6/100 persons among women and 29.2/100 persons among men. Mean depth and width of wrist was shorter in those with CTS compareal to the controls (p<0.05). The risk of CTS was higher in workers whose carpal tunnel ratio (displacement/width) was 0.17 or higher (OR 7.13, 95% confidence interval 1.18-43.1), and in workers whose carpal tunnel area was less than 300 ㎟ (OR 8.00, 95% confidence interval 1.18-68.5). Carpal tunnel depth and depth/width ratio had a positive correlation with motor latency of the median nerve and median-ulnar sensory latency difference (p<0.05). whereas the carpal tunnel width. displacement/depth ratio, and area (width×displacement) had a negative correlation with median nerve latencies after adjusting for gender. Workers who showed an improvement in the clinical stage of CTS after job rearrangement had a significantly lower carpal tunnel displacement/width ratio and displacement/depth ratio. They also had smaller upper carpal tunnel area (width×displacement) and larger upper carpal tunner\l area [(depth-displacement)×width] than the controls (p<0.05). Conclusions:Ultrasonographic measurement of the carpal tunnel is a good predictor of susceptibility and prognosis of CTS in workers doing repetivive work.

Quartz 자극에 의한 iNOS 발현의 자가조절

김경아,남혜윤,문제혁,정진숙,임영,정치경 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.4

목적 : Rat2 섬유모세포에서 α-quartz에 의해 유도된 NOS의 조절기전을 알아보기 위하여 본 연구가시도 되었다. 방법 : Rat2 세포에 있어서 α-quartz 자극에 의한 NO와 H₂O₂의 분비 및 iNOS의 발현을 관찰하였고, iNOS 억제제인 L-NIL과 H₂O₂ 억제제인Catalase를 전처리하고 마찬가지로 NO와 H₂O₂분비 그리고 iNOS의 단백발현 정도를 western blot-ting을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 결과 : o-quartz는 Rat2 세포에서 iNOS에 의한NO와 H₂O₂의 분비를 유도하였다. L-NIL은 R3t2세포에서 D-quartz에 의한 H₂O₂의 분비와 iNOS발현을 완전히 억제하였다. Catalase로 전처리 하였을 때 o-quartz로 유도된 iNOS에 의하여 생산증가된 H2Oa가 iNOS를 억제하는 autoinhibitorypathway가 차단되어 결과적으로 H₂O₂의 분비와 iNOS의 발현이 증가하였다. 결론 : Rat2 세포에서 α-quartz에 의하여 유도된iNOS는 H₂O₂의 분비를 촉진하고 이 H₂O₂는 iNOS기능을 조절하는 자가조절기전에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다. Objectives : This study was performed in order to investigate the molecular mechanism regulating nitric oxide synthase (NOS) induced by α-quartz in Rat2 fibroblast. Methods : α-quartz-induced nitric Oxide (NO) anti H₂O₂ formation anti α-quarts-induced iNOS protein expression in Rat2 fibroblast were monitored. With iNOS inhibitor (L-N6- (1-iminoethyl) lysine hydrochloride, L-NIL) or antioxidant (catalase), we observed NO and H₂O₂ formation and iNOS protein expression in Rat2 fibroblast stimulated with α-quartz. Results : α-quartz stimulated iNOS-induced NO and H₂O₂ formation in Rat2 fibroblast. L-NIL inhibited H₂O₂ formation and iNOS protein expression by α-quartz in Rat2 fibroblast. Pretreatment with catalase blocked the autoinhibitory pathway of iNOS by iNOS-induced H₂O₂ therefore H₂O₂ and NO production and iNOS protein expression were increased in Rat2 fibrobalst stimulated with α-quartz Conclusion : α-quartz-induced iNOS Stimulated H₂O₂ formation in Rat2 fibroblast. INOS-induced H₂O₂ by α-quartz plays an important role in the autoinhibition pathway for regulating the iNOS function in Rat2 fibroblast