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박경원,이설아,오인환,남석우,하홍용,임태훈,홍성안,성영은 한국공업화학회 1999 응용화학 Vol.3 No.2
Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) needs better anode electrocatalysts than Pt, which suffers from self CO poisoning phenomena. The improved oxidation kinetics enabled by Pt promoters such as Ru, Sn, Mo, W or Os has been attributed to a bifunctional and/or an electronic effect. The alloy electrode materials were prepared by reduction and colloidal methods. It was generally proved that binary system such as those based on Pt, these components are much more active in promoting DMFC reactions than pure platinum catalysts. The oxidation onset on pure Pt was 0.45 V and the potentials decreased with alloying. Pt-Ru showed the lowest onset potential. However, chronoamperometry provided high stability at Pt-Mo on CO poisoning, which shows a promising candidate as DMFC anode material. The strategy of ternary or quaternary electrocatalysts, the effects of synthesis and particle sizes will be discussed.
Keun-Yong Eom,MD,Sung W Ha,MD,Eunsik Lee,MD,Cheol Kwak,MD,Sang Eun Lee,MD 대한방사선종양학회 2014 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.32 No.4
Purpose: To determine whether neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (NADT) improves clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 201 patients with prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy between January 1991 and December 2008. Of these, 156 patients with more than 3 years of follow-up were the subjects of this study. The median duration of follow-up was 91.2 months. NADT was given in 103 patients (66%) with median duration of 3.3 months (range, 1.0 to 7.7 months). Radiation dose was escalated gradually from 64 Gy to 81 Gy using intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique. Results: Biochemical relapse-free survival (BCRFS) and overall survival (OS) of all patients were 72.6% and 90.7% at 5 years, respectively. BCRFS and OS of NADT group were 79.5% and 89.8% at 5 years and those of radiotherapy alone group were 58.8% and 92.3% at 5 years, respectively. Risk group (p = 0.010) and radiation dose ≥70 Gy (p = 0.017) affected BCRFS independently. NADT was a significant prognostic factor in univariate analysis, but not in multivariate analysis (p = 0.073). Radiation dose ≥70 Gy was only an independent factor for OS (p = 0.007; hazard ratio, 0.261; 95% confidence interval, 0.071–0.963). Conclusion: NADT prior to definitive radiotherapy did not result in significant benefit in terms of BCRFS and OS. NADT should not be performed routinely in the era of dose-escalated radiotherapy.
Benzo(a)pyrene으로 유발한 Mouse Forestomach Tumor 생성에 대한 Astaxanthin 함유 난황의 효과
이상호,박철우,박원석,이영춘,최의성,하영래 ( Sang H . Lee,Cherl W . Park,Won S . Park,Young C . Lee,Eui S . Choi,Yeong L . Ha ) 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.40 No.6
Anticarcinogenic activity of astaxanthin-containing egg yolks (designate AEY) was investigated for benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-induced mouse forestomach tumorigenesis initiating regimen. Female ICR mouse (6-7 weeks of age) were housed in polycarbonated cages (5 mice/cage; 20 mice/treatment) in a humidity-and-temperature-controlled facility and permitted free access to water and food. One week later, four and 2 days prior to p.o. treatment with BP (2 ㎎/0.2 ㎖ corn oil), mice were given 0.2 ㎖ PBS containing 50 ㎎ AEY, 100 ㎎ AEY, 150 ㎎ AEY, or 150 ㎎ CEY. Control mice were only given 0.2 ㎖ PBS. Three days later this sequence was repeated for a total of 4 times. Beginning with the first intubation and continuing thereafter, body weight and food intake were recorded once weekly. All surviving mice were sacrificed 24 weeks after the first dose of BP. Mice treated with AEY developed only about one third as many neoplasms/animal as mice in control or CEY-treated group (p$lt;0.05). Reduction effect of tumor development by AEY was dependent upon doses applied. Tumor incidence was also reduced by AEY treatments, but significantly reduced only by 150 ㎎ AEY treatment when compared to that by control or CEY. Food intake and body weight were not affected by AEY treatment. These results indicate that AEY inhibits tumorigenesis of mouse forestomach induced by BP.
다양한 AFM 캔틸레버/팁을 이용한 원자스케일 마찰 연구
성인하(In-Ha Sung),Robert W. Carpick 한국트라이볼로지학회 2006 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.2006 No.6
In order to obtain a fundamental understanding of the origin of atomic-scale stick-slip friction, the experimental investigation of atomic-scale stick-slip frictional behaviors between nano-to micro-scale tips and a highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) surface were performed using atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers with different stiffnesses and tips. The primary objective of this research is to determine how atomic-scale stick-slip depends on the mechanical and material properties of the system. Experimental results showed that the stick-slip frictional behaviors could occur even when the colloidal probes with a particle of about 10 urn in diameter, which thus have a relatively large contact area and lack a well-shaped tip end, were used. This indicates that atomic stick-slip friction may be a more common phenomenon than currently thought. Also, unlike the well-known normal stick-slip behavior that shows single stick/slip per a unit cell of a graphite surface structure, we first observed transitions in the stick-slip behavior from smooth sliding to multiple sticks/slips (jumps) according the lateral lever stiffness and contact stiffness of system. Based on the experimental results, the relationship between the range of stick-slip behaviors observed, contact stiffness, tip material, and cantilever type was carefully investigated in this work.