Crystal structures of LacD from Staphylococcus aureus and LacD.1 from Streptococcus pyogenes: Insights into substrate specificity and virulence gene regulation

Lee, S.J.,Kim, H.S.,Kim, D.J.,Yoon, H.J.,Kim, K.H.,Yoon, J.Y.,Suh, S.W. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2011 FEBS letters Vol.585 No.2

Staphylococcus aureus LacD, a Class I tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate (TBP) aldolase, shows broadened substrate specificity by catalyzing the cleavage of 1,6-bisphosphate derivatives of d-tagatose, d-fructose, d-sorbose, and d-psicose. LacD.1 and LacD.2 are two closely-related Class I TBP aldolases in Streptococcus pyogenes. Here we have determined the crystal structures of S. aureus LacD and S. pyogenes LacD.1. Monomers of both enzymes are folded into a (β/α)<SUB>8</SUB> barrel and two monomers associate tightly to form a dimer in the crystals. The structures suggest that the residues E189 and S300 of rabbit muscle Class I fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) aldolase are important for substrate specificity. When we mutated the corresponding residues of S. aureus LacD, the mutants (L165E, L275S, and L165E/L275S) showed enhanced substrate specificity toward FBP. Structured summary: lacDbinds to lacD by X-ray crystallography(View interaction) lacD1binds to lacD1 by X-ray crystallography(View interaction)

의류 패턴 설계를 위한 삼차원 인체 체표면 스캔 데이터 활용에 관한 연구

천종숙,서동애,이관석 服飾文化學會 2002 服飾文化硏究 Vol.10 No.6

'In the apparel industry, the technology has been advanced rapidly. The use of 3D scanning systems for the capture and measurement of human body is becoming common place. Three dimensional digital image can be used for design, inspection. reproduction of physical objects The purpose of this study is to develop a method that drafts men's basic bodice pattern from scanned 3D body surface shape data. 1n order to pursue this purpose the researchers developed pattern drafting algorithm. The 3D scanner used in this study was Cyberware Whole Body Scanner WB-4. The bodice pattern drafting algorithm from 3D body surface shape data developed in this study is as follows. First. convert geonmetric 3D body surface data to 3D polygonal mesh data Second, develop algorithm to lay out 3D polygonal patches onto a plane using Auto Lisp program. The polygon meshes are coplanar, and the individual mesh is continuously in contact with next one. The bodice front surface shape data in polygonal patches form was lined up in bust and waist levels. The back bodice was drafted by lining up the polygonal mesh in scapula. chest. and waist levels. In the drafts. gaps between polygons were formed into the darts.

protoplast-fusion에 依한 澱粉에서 Ethanol의 單段醱酵能 酵母 開發 : I. Characteristics of two yeast strains and conditions for the protoplast formation and reeneration as a preliminary step in interspecific protoplast-fusion I. Interspecific Protoplast-fusion 을 爲한 酵母菌林의 諸特性과 Protoplast 調製 및 Regeneration 條件

吳秉夏,黃殷成,李炯周,李啓瑚,朴官和,張海東,徐鉉昌 서울大學校農科大學 1984 서울대농학연구지 Vol.9 No.1

澱粉으로 부터의 alcohol 醱酵能을 增進시키기 爲하여 澱粉糖化性 菌株인 Saccharomyces diastaticus와 優秀한 alcohol 醱酵性 菌株인 Saccharomyces uvarum을 母菌株로 하여 이들간의 同屬異種間 原形質融合(interspecific protoplast fusion)을 通한 優秀한 澱粉醱酵 性 alcohol 生産性 菌株를 새로이 開發할 目的에서 다음과 같은 一漣의 實驗結果를 얻었다. S. diastaticus의 醱酵液과 S. diastaticus+S. uvarum 混合醱酵液의 風味特性등을 確認하였다. 風味成分 抽出은 methylene chloride와 diethylether를 가지고 neutral flavor fraction과 acidic flavor fraction으로 나누었고 gas chromatography를 通하여 同定 및 定量하였다. Neutral flavor fraction의 경우 S. diastaticus+S. uvarum 混合醱酵液이 S. diastaticus 醱酵液보다, ester成分中에서는 ethyl acetate와 ethyl undecanoate가 더 많았고, alcohol 成分中에서는 n-propanol과 n-butanol이 더 많았다. Acidic flavor fraction의 경우 C??~C?? fatty acid가 同定 및 定量되었는데 S. diastaticus+S. uvarum 混合醱酵液이 S. diastaticus 醱酵液보다 lauric acid, caprylic acid, capric acid 含量이 두드러지게 많았다. S. diastaticus의 glucoamylase 生産性, glucoamylase의 分離 精製, 酵素力價 그리고 酵素學的 特性에서 optimum pH는 5.0, optimum temperature는 55℃ 이었다. S. diastaticus와 S. uvarum을 母菌株로 이들 간의 protoplast fusion을 위한 基礎的인 硏究로서 두 菌株의 諸特性과 protoplast調製의 最適條件을 決定하고 protoplast의 regeneration 條件의 確立을 도모하였다.두 菌의 生育曲線에서 모두 培養開始 7~8 時間만에 對數期 中期에 到達되었으므로 protoplast 調製는 이 時期의 細胞를 쓰기로 하였다. Generation time은 S. diastaticus가 1.04, S. uvarum이 1.38 時間이었다. 細胞의 크기는 S. diastaticus 44.10?㎛³, S. uvarum 99.67㎛³로 S. uvarum이 2倍나 컸다. DNA 含量은 細胞 當 S. diastaticus 44.3fg, S. uvarum 37.6fg이었다. 30% glucose 및 soluble starch에 대한 두 菌株의 ethanol 醱酵能은 glucose에 對하여 S. uvarum 11.4%, S. diastaticus 8.9% 이었고 soluble starch에 對하여는 S. diastaticus 만이 6.9%이었다. 두 菌株는 generation time, 細胞크기 및 DNA 含量 等으로 보아 diploid strain임을 알 수 있었고, 融合株 選拔을 위한 marker 로는 Sacch. uvarum의 melibiose 資化能의 차이를 利用할 수 있음을 밝혔다. Protoplast의 調製에는 β-glucuronidase와 Zymoyase를 使用하였는데 두 酵素 反應最適條件은 β-glucuronidase는 pH 8.0에서 10% 濃度의 溶液으로, Zymolyase는 pH7.5에서 20㎛/ml의 濃度의 溶液으로 하여 모두 70分間 處理하는 것으로 決定하였으나 이 정도의 處理時間에서는 protoplast가 극히 不安定하게 되어 regeneration frequency가 떨어지는 것을 確認하였으며, 特히 Zymolyase 處理로 얻어진 protoplast의 regeneration率이 낮은 것은 Zymolyase中에 不純物로 微量 混在한 protease가 protoplast의 노출된 membrane-bound protein을 分解함으로써 protoplast를 破壞시키기 때문인 것으로 추측되었다. 融合實驗에 利用할 수 있을 정도의 regeneration frequency를 얻기 위해서는 Zymolyase를 45分間 處理하여 얻은 protoplast를 1.5%의 polyvinylpyrrolicone이 加해진 OYPD培地에서 重層法으로 展開하여 regeneration시키는 것이 좋은 것으로 판명되었다. As preliminary steps of protoplast fusion between Saccharomyces diastaticus and S. uvarum to develop a fusant of higher ethanol production from starch, characteristics of the two presumptive parent strains, optimal conditions for protoplast preparation and conditions for highrer regeneration frequency were investigated. To determine flavor characteristics of the parent strains, neutral and acidic flavor fractions were extracted from liquids fermented by S. diastaticus and S. diastaticus + S. uvarum with methylene chloride and diethly ether. The liquid by the mixed culture produced more ethly acetate, ethyl undecanoate, n-propanol, n-butanol, lauric acid, caprylic acid and capric acid than that by S. diastaticus. Glucoamylase from S. diastaticus was purified and activity, productivity, and characteristics were determined. Optimum conditions for the enzyme were pH 5.0 and 55℃. The two strains reached logarithmic phase in 7-8h during growth and the generation time was 1.04 in S. diastaticus and 1.38 in S. uvarum. Cell size and DNA content per cell of S. diastaticus were 44.10㎛³and 44.3 fg, and for S. uvarum, 99.67㎛³and 37.6fg. Ethanol productivities of S. diastaticus were 8.9% from 30% glucose and 6.9% from 30% starch and 11.4% from glucose with S. uvarum. Through determination of generation time, cell size, and DNA content per cell, both strains appeared as diploids, and differences in assimilability of melibiose and soluble starch of the two strains were selected as markers to determine the fusant. The optimal condition for protoplast formation was treatment of both strains with 10% ß-glucuronidase at pH 8.0 or 20㎍/ml Zymolyase at pH 7.5 for 70 min. While the regeneration frequencies were very low at 70min exposure to Zymolyase because of the instability of protoplasts, the yeasts treated for 45min were better for regeneration. The regeneration frequencies were also enhanced by 3-6 times when the regeration was carried out with 1.5% polyvinylpyrrolidone which stabilized protoplasts.

Changes in spatial variations of sap flow in Korean pine trees due to environmental factors and their effects on estimates of stand transpiration

Moon, M.,Kim, T.,Park, J.,Cho, S.,Ryu, D.,Suh, S.,Kim, H. S. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Journal of mountain science Vol.13 No.6

<P>It is difficult to scale up measurements of the sap flux density (J(S)) for the characterization of tree or stand transpiration (E) due to spatial variations in J(S) and their temporal changes. To assess spatial variations in the sap flux density of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and their effects on E estimates, we measured the J(S) using Granier-type sensors. Within trees, the J(S) decreased exponentially with the radial depth, and the J(S) of the east aspects were higher than those of the west aspects. Among trees, there was a positive relationship between J(S) and the tree diameter at breast height, and this positive relationship became stronger as the transpiration demand increased. The spatial variations that caused large errors in E estimates (i.e., up to 110.8 % when radial variation was ignored) had varied systematically with environmental factors systematic characteristics in relation to environmental factors. However, changes in these variations did not generate substantial errors in the E estimates. For our study periods, the differences in the daily E (E-D) calculated by ignoring radial, azimuthal and tree-to-tree variations and the measured ED were fairly constant, especially when the daily vapor pressure deficit (D_(D)) was higher than 0.6 kPa. These results imply that the effect of spatial variations changes on sap flow can be a minor source of error compared with spatial variations (radial, azimuthal and tree-to-tree variations) when considering E estimates.</P>

Structural basis for differential activities of enantiomeric PPARγ agonists: Binding of S35 to the alternate site

Jang, J.Y.,Koh, M.,Bae, H.,An, D.R.,Im, H.N.,Kim, H.S.,Yoon, J.Y.,Yoon, H.J.,Han, B.W.,Park, S.B.,Suh, S.W. Elsevier Science 2017 Biochimica et biophysica acta. Proteins and proteo Vol.1865 No.6

<P>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. It functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor and plays important roles in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and inflammation. Many PPAR gamma agonists bind to the canonical ligand-binding pocket near the activation function-2 (AF-2) helix (i.e., helix H12) of the ligand-binding domain (LBD). More recently, an alternate ligand-binding site was identified in PPAR gamma LBD; it is located beside the 52 loop between the helices H2 ' and H3. We reported previously that the chirality of two optimized enantiomeric PPAR gamma ligands (S35 and R35) differentiates their PPAR gamma transcriptional activity, binding affinity, and inhibitory activity toward Cdk5 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5)-mediated phosphorylation of PPAR gamma at Ser245 (in PPAR gamma 1 numbering; Ser273 in PPAR gamma 2 numbering). S35 is a PPAR gamma phosphorylation inhibitor with promising glucose uptake potential, whereas R35 behaves as a potent conventional PPAR gamma agonist. To provide a structural basis for understanding the differential activities of these enantiomeric ligands, we have determined crystal structures of the PPAR gamma LBD in complex with either S35 or R35. S35 and R35 bind to the PPAR gamma LBD in significantly different manners. The partial agonist S35 occupies the alternate site near the Omega loop, whereas the full agonist R35 binds entirely to the canonical LBP. Alternate site binding of S35 affects the PPAR gamma transactivation and the inhibitory effect on PPAR gamma Ser245 phosphorylation. This study provides a useful platform for the development of a new generation of PPAR gamma ligands as anti-diabetic drug candidates.</P>

모자에서 발생한 Waardenburg 증후군

김동혁,김목련,서창석,김수영,정진영 해성병원 1992 海星病院論文集 Vol.1 No.-

초고속 공작기계용 Hybrid Poymer Concrete bed의 설계와 제작

서정도,임태성,이대길,김태형,박보선,최원선 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

To maximize the productivity in machining molds and dies, machine tools should operate at high speeds. During the high speed operation of moving frames or spindles, vibration problems are apt to occur if the machine tool structures are made of conventional steel materials with inferior damping characteristics. However, self-excited vibration or chatter is bound to occur during high speed machining when cutting speed exceeds the stability limit of machine tool. Chatter is undesirable because of its adverse effect on surface finish, machining accuracy, and tool life. Furthermore, chatter is a major cause of reducing production rate because, if no remedy can be found, metal removal rates have to be lowered until vibration-free performances is obtained. Also, the resonant vibration of machine tools frequently occurs when operating frequency approaches one of their natural frequencies because machine tools have several natural frequencies due to their many continuous structural elements. However, these vibration problems are closely related to damping characteristics of machine tool structures. The polymer concrete has high potential for machine tool bed due to its good damping characteristics with moderate stiffness. This paper presents the use of polymer concrete and sandwich structures to overcome vibration problems. Also, co-cure bonding method for functional part mounting was exhibited experimentally, by which manufacturing time and cost for polymer concrete bed will be remarkably reduced.

Prognostic factors of Acute Myelocytic leukemia: An Analysis of 132 Patients in a Single Institution

Lee, K.-H Korean Academy of Medical Science 1996 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.11 No.3

Age-related differences in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis

Cho, S.H.,Hong, S.J.,Han, B.,Lee, S.H.,Suh, L.,Norton, J.,Lin, D.,Conley, D.B.,Chandra, R.,Kern, R.C.,Tan, B.K.,Kato, A.,Peters, A.,Grammer, L.C.,Schleimer, R.P. Mosby 2012 The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.129 No.3

Although chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) significantly affects the quality of life of elderly people, the inflammatory mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis in the elderly have not been well studied. This study demonstrates that despite the higher severity of CRS observed in elderly patients, they had lower eosinophilic cationic protein compared to non-elderly CRS patients. In addition, S100A8/9 was significantly decreased in CRS with aging process, suggesting that epithelial barrier dysfunction may continue to play an important role in the pathogenesis of CRS while eosinophilic inflammation may subside with age.

항 HIV 물질 활성검색에 관한 연구

이주실,신영오,강춘,박근용,고운영,이홍래,남정구,기미경,김성순,최병선,서순덕 국립보건연구원 1998 국립보건원보 Vol.35 No.-