응급의료센터의 단기입원치료실 활용경험

최승필,박승현,정시경,박규남,김영민,김세경,이운정,이환 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Overcrowding of emergency department is a serious and growing problem at St. Mary's Hospital. This has motivated the development of short-stay unit(SSU) as an alternative ward to routine hospital admission and ED discharge. In our hospital a SSU begun to admit patients in January 6, 1997. The SSU received 247 patients from the ED during the eight month interval(January 6, 1997 to August 31, 1997). To examine the utilization of the SSU in ED, we retrospectively analyzed 247 patients admitted in SSU from the ED, and compared the average hours per patient with acute gastroenteritis spent in the ED during the 2-month intervals before(July-August 1996) and after(July-August 1997) the establishment of the SSU. The following results were obtained; 1. The total patients consist of EM 92(37.2%), GS 48(19.4%), IM 24(9.7%), PS 21(8.5%), OS 20(8.1%), OBGY 14(5.7%) and others 28(11.3%) 2. The results of EM patients admitted in SSU from ED 1) Sex ratio of male to female was 1:1.1 and the mean age was 37.3±16years 2) In diagnosis, acute gastroenteritis was 29 cases(31.5%), multiple contusion 14 cases(15.2%), drug intoxication 12 cases(13%), limb laceration 6 cases(6.5%), tendon rupture of hand 6 cases(6.5%), and others 19 cases(20.6). 3) Mean length of stay in ED was 9.18 hours. 4) Among 92 patients to the SSU, 79 patients(85.9%) were discharged, 11 patients(11.9%) formally admitted to hospital and 2 patients(2.2%) transferred to otherhospital. The mean hospital stay time of the patients admitted to SSU was 2.6 days. 3. There was a significant reduction in the average stay time spent in the ED by treat-and-releasing patients with acute gastroenteritis after the establishment of the SSU(from 14.65±9.6 to 7.52±5.4 hr/patient, p<0.001). Conclusively, the establishment of the SSU can shorten the average stay time that treat-and-releasing patients spend in the ED, and reduce the number of admitted patients waiting in the ED.

RTA방법에 의한 Pd- 실리사이드의 쇼트키 장벽 높이에 관한 연구

崔致圭,李雲煥 제주대학교 1988 논문집 Vol.26 No.-

본 연구에서는 RTA방법에 의하여 Pd-Si계에서 우수한 Pd-Si가 형성됨을 확인하였으며 grain의 크기는 약150~200??으로 나타났다. AES스펙럼인 분석에 의하여 Ar 이온으로 sputtering하면서 얻은 Pd와 Si의 조성비는 41.5%와 58.5%로써 Pd- 실리사이드 상이 PdSi상에 거의 비슷함을 알 수 있었으며, 91eV에서 나타난 line shape는 미시구조를 나타내는 PdSi의 특성 피이크임을 보였다. 100~300K의 온도 영역에서 측정한 전류-전압특성곡선으로부터 SBH값은 0.32~0.75eV로 온도가 증가함에 따라 직선적으로 증하하였고 ideality factor n은 일반적인 값 1~2에 만족하였으며 고온영역에서는 거의 1에 근접함을 Tu 등이 실험한 값과 거의 일치됨을 보였다(Herman 1983, Tu, 1981) Si(111)면에서는 100~150K온도범위, Si(100)면에서는 100~200K 온도범위에서는 재결합 생성중심에 의한 전류흐름을 보여 열처리시 defect를 제거하는데 충분하지 못한다는 것을 알 수가 있었다. 다라서 RTA방법에 의한 실리사이드 형성시 실리콘 표면 영역에서 발생한는 defect를 제거하는 방법만 보완시키면 PdSi접촉을 이용하는 어떤 바이폴라 집적회로의 응용에도 가능하며 RTA는 장시간 열처리를 수반하는 전기로 열처리 방법보다 더 간편하고, 소자의 다른 특성을 변화시키지 않으므로 전이금속 실리사이드 형성에 우수한 장치로 평가된다. Formation of the palladium silicides was performed by the rapid thermal annealing using quartaz-halogen tungsten lamps. The Schottky-barrier heights of palladium silicides on both n-type(100)and(111)-oriented Si wafers have been measrued in the temperature range 100-300k with use of a current-voltoge thechnique. Silicide formation was monitored by glancing -angle X-ray diffraction and AES. The values of the barrier heights are 0.32-0.74eV for Si(111) and 0.34-0.75eV for Si(100) at temperaure in the range 100-300k. The barrier heights depend primarily on the metal deposited and not on the partivular silicide phase.

반복적인 경련을 동반한 아이소니아지드(Isoniazid) 중독환자의 치험 1례

이환,오동렬,정시경,김영민,이운정,김세경,이원재,최경호 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Isoniazid(Isonicotinic acid hydrazide) is an antimicrobial drug used since 1952 as a first line agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of tuberculosis. Isoniazid is well known for problems in population having a high prevalence of isoniazid use for prophylaxis or treatment of tuberculosis. But intentional or accidental isoniazid overdose is uncommon. The ingestion of toxic amounts of isoniazid causes recurrent seizures, profound metabolic acidosis, coma and even death. In adults, toxicity can occur with the acute ingestion of as little as 1.5g of isoniazid. Doses larger than 30mg per kg often produce seizures. When ingested in amounts of 80-150mg per kg or more, isoniazid can be rapid fatal. 40-year-old woman having previous pulmonary tuberculosis ingested 7gram of isoniazid(140mg/kg) to attempt suicide approximately 30 minutes prior to visit to our emergency medical center. She had recurrent generalized tonicclonic seizures and metabolic acidosis. We report one patient treated with pyridoxine, which was equivalent to the amount of isoniazid ingested and administered as a intravenous dose and oral dose

두개강내 출혈을 동반한 불응성 특발성 혈소판감소성 자반증의 CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE 치험 1예

서정철,양태영,최연수,박유환,김완중,허경,정원영,정춘해 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1993 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.18 No.1

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by the development of antibodies to one's own platelets, which are then destroyed by phagocytosis in the spleen and liver. Its clinical manifestations are characterized by bleeding and the most serious complication is hemorrhage into the central nervous system, but which is rarely seen below 1%. In treating IPT, the therapy of first chice is administration of adrenocorticosteroid and r-globuline. If satisfactory results are not obtained, then splenectomy is recommended. If this also proves inadequate, then administration of immunosuppressants is carried out. 16-year-old male was admitted with complaints of left hemiplegia and nasal bleeding. This case may be developed spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage causing thrombocytopenia and was treated by steroid, r-globuline and splenectomy, but satisfactory results are not obtained. After all, the paient was successfully treated with cyclophosphamide.

폐부종과 심정지가 발생한 페노바비탈 중독환자

오동렬,이운정,박규남,김세경,김영민,이환,유은영,최경호,정시경 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Phenobarbital is a long-acting barbiturate causing generalized depression of neuronal activity in the brain. Its effect is primarily achieved through enhanced GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition. Its use as an antiepileptic agent was first described in 1912. Before the introduction of phenytoin, phenobarbital is used as sedative-hypnotics. It is used for the treatment of epilepsy and status epilepticus. All barbiturates, including phenobarbital, have a high potential for abuse. They were frequently used for suicide attempts in the past, but they have in large part been replaced by benzodiazepines. The onset of symptoms depends on the drug and the route of administration. Mild to moderate barbiturate intoxication resembles ethanol inebriation with slurred speech, ataxia, and lethargy. Severe acute barbiturate intoxication is life threatening. Early deaths are generally cardiovascular-related. Hypotension, shock, pulmonary edema, and cardiac arrest that occurs with large doses are caused by depression of central sympathetic tone and as well as by direct depression of cardiac contractility. The potentially fatal oral dose of phenobarbital is 6-10g. We describe an 23-year-old woman with pulmonary edema, and cardiac arrest ingestion of 18grams of phenobarbital. She was completely recovered by successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation and homoperfusion. We report a case with literature review.

특집 : 마그네슘판재 응용기술 ; 마그네슘 부품제조를 위한 용접기술

이목영 ( Mok Young Lee ),장웅성 ( Woong Seong Chang ),윤병현 ( Byung Hyun Yoon ),김숙환 ( Sook Hwan Kim ),최상운 ( Sang Woon Choi1 ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2007 재료마당 Vol.20 No.5

Effects of Methanol on Cell Growth and Lipid Production from Mixotrophic Cultivation of Chlorella sp.

Woon-Yong Choi,Sung-Ho Oh,Yong-Chang Seo,Ga-Bin Kim,강도형,Shin-Young Lee,Kyung-Hwan Jung,Jeong-Sub Cho,Ju-Hee Ahn,Geun-Pyo Choi,Hyeon-Yong Lee 한국생물공학회 2011 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.16 No.5

The marine microalga Chlorella sp. was cultivated under mixotrophic conditions using methanol as an organic carbon source, which may also act to maintain the sterility of the medium for long-term outdoor cultivation. The optimal methanol concentration was determined to be 1% (v/v) for both cell growth and lipid production when supplying 5% CO_2 with 450 μE/m^2/sec of continuous illumination. Under these conditions, the maximal cell biomass and total lipid production were 4.2 g dry wt/L and 17.5% (w/w), respectively, compared to 2.2 g dry wt/L and 12.5% (w/w) from autotrophic growth. Cell growth was inhibited at methanol concentrations above 1% (v/v) due to increased toxicity, whereas 1% methanol alone sustained 1.0 g dry wt/L and 4.8% total lipid production. We found that methanol was preferentially consumed during the initial period of cultivation, and carbon dioxide was consumed when the methanol was depleted. A 12:12 h (light:dark) cyclic illumination period produced favorable cell growth (3.6 g dry wt/L). Higher lipid production was observed with cyclic illumination than with continuous illumination (18.6% (w/w) vs 17.5% (w/w)), and better lipid production was also obtained under mixotrophic rather than autotrophic conditions. Interestingly, under mixotrophic conditions with 12:12 (h) cyclic illumination,high proportions of C_(16:0), C_(18:0), and C_(18:1) were observed,which are beneficial for biodiesel production. These results strongly indicate that the carbon source is important for controlling both lipid composition and cell growth under mixotrophic conditions, and they suggest that methanol could be utilized to scale up production to an open pond type system for outdoor cultivation where light illumination changes periodically.

구멍갈파래의 고압 균질 전처리 공정을 통한 바이오에탄올 생산용 당화수율 증진

최운용(Woon Yong Choi),이춘근(Choon Geun Lee),안주희(Ju Hee Ahn),서용창(Yong chang Seo),이상은(Sang Eun Lee),정경환(Kyung Hwan Jung),강도형(Do Hyung Kang),조정섭(Jeong Sub Cho),최근표(Geun Pyo Choi),이현용(Hyeon Yong Lee) 한국생물공학회 2011 KSBB Journal Vol.26 No.5

This study was investigated to improve the saccharification yield of Ulva pertusa Kjellman by the high pressure homogenization process. It was found that the high pressure homogenization pretreatment effectively destructed the cell wall structures only by using water. The high pressure homogenization process was operated under various conditions such as 10000, 20000 or 30000 psi with different recycling numbers. The optimal condition was determined as 30000 psi and 2 pass of recycling numbers and the sugar conversion yields were 16.02 (%, w/w) of glucose and 14.70 (%,w/w) of xylose, respectively. In the case of enzymatic treating the hydrolyzates with 5 FPU/glucan of celullase and 100 units/mL of amyloglucosidase, 65.8% of carbohydrates was converted into glucose. Using the hydrolysates of Ulva pertusa Kjellman, 48.7% of ethanol was obtained in the culture S.cerevisiae. These results showed that the high pressure homogenization process could efficiently hydrolyze the marine resource by using only water for bioethanol production.

디바이스 ID 기반의 하이브리드 PKI 공인 인증 보안 기법

손영환(Young-Hwan Son),최운수(Woon-Soo Choi),김기현(Ki-Hyun Kim),최한나(Han-Na Choi),이대윤(Dae-Yoon Lee),오충식(Chung-Shick Oh),조용환(Yong-Hwan Cho) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2010 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.15 No.5

본 논문에서는 안전한 사용자 인증의 초석인 인증서의 원천지 무결성 보장과 함께 사용자의 편의성 향상을 위한 방안으로써, PKI 인증서 인증기법에 디바이스 ID에 기반한 하이브리드 공인 인증 기법을 제안하여 기존 하이브리드 PKI 공인인증서 인증기법에서의 사용자 편의성과 보안성을 향상시키고자 한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 모델의 특징은 크게 다섯 가지로 설명할 수 있다. 첫째, 사용자 스스로 각각의 인증 상황 및 보안 수준에 맞는 정책을 선택 할 수 있어 사용자의 편의성을 향상 시킬 수 있다. 둘째, 정책별 디바이스 ID의 해시 값인 DLDI Key(Device Location Dependence ID Key)의 비교를 통해 사용자 인증서의 원천지 무결성을 보장할 수 있다. 셋째, EOTP Key(Event of One Time Password Key)를 통해서 인증서를 암호화, 복호화 하는 키의 값을 매 인증 시도마다 변경시킴으로써 보안성을 향상 시킬 수 있다. 넷째, 인증서에 Index 값을 추가시켜 멀티 디바이스에 인증서의 저장이 가능하다. 다섯째, 보안 카드 등 인증서의 원천지 무결성 보장을 위한 추가적인 장치가 필요치 않아, 인증 처리 시간의 지연을 단축시킬 수 있으며 인증 서버의 연산 부하를 감소시킬 수 있다. In this study, the hybrid authorization quotation technique is based on the device ID for the integrity of the source region guarantee of user certificate, in order to improve the convenience and security for user in the hybrid PKI certificate Mechanism for authentication. The feature of the model in which it is presented from this paper is 5. First, because the user can select the policy himself in which it matches with each authentication situation and security level, the convenience can be improved. Second, the integrity of the source region of the user certificate can be guaranteed through the comparison of the DLDI Key, that is the hash-value of the device ID. Third, the security can be improved by continuously changing an encoding, and the value of the key in which it decodes through the EOTP Key. Fourth, the index value is added to a certificate, and the storage of a certificate is possible at the Multi-Device. Fifth, since the addi the inan aratus for the integrity of the source region guarantee of a certificate is not needed, the authentication process time can be reduced and the computational load of the certificate server can be reduced also.

골프장에서 발생하는 비점오염원 유출특성

신민환 ( Min Hwan Shin ),최재완 ( Jae Wan Choi ),최용훈 ( Young Hun Choi ),박운지 ( Woon Ji Park ),원철희 ( Chul Hee Won ),신동석 ( Dong Suk Shin ),임경재 ( Kyoung Jae Lim ),최중대 ( Joong Dae Choi ) 한국물환경학회 2011 한국물환경학회지 Vol.27 No.6

Activities on golf courses are believed to contribute to the degradation of water quality in receiving waters due to the excessive use of farm chemicals including fertilizers and pesticides. The objective of this study was to collect basic data that could explain the characteristics of non-point source (NPS) pollution discharged from a golf course. Twenty seven water quality monitoring was conducted at a golf course during the rainy season of 2008 and 2009. The results indicated that the ranges of the Event Mean Concentration (EMC) at the golf course were BOD5 1.8~11.3 (ave. 5.6) mg/L, CODMn 19.2~51.4 (ave. 39.6) mg/L, TOC 11.0~31.0 (ave. 16.8) mg/L, TN 1.545~16.098 (ave. 5.623) mg/L, TP 0.230~4.528 (ave. 1.525) mg/L, and SS 2.2~57.3 (ave. 10.1) mg/L. The unit loads of the golf course estimated were BOD5 3.35 kg/km2/day, SS 6.43 kg/km2/day, CODMn 30.00 kg/km2/day, TN 4.04 kg/km2/day, TP 1.14 kg/km2/day, and TOC 12.16 kg/km2/day. Golf courses are currently classified as a grass field in which the unit loads are different from golf courses. Therefore, it was recommended that golf courses need to be separated from the grass field when the surveys and modelings for Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) development and the evaluation of TMDL implementation were performed.