Cyclosporin 치료로 호전된 비특이성 간질성 폐렴

안상미 ( An Sang Mi ),조숙경 ( Jo Sug Gyeong ),임승관 ( Im Seung Gwan ),송영준 ( Song Yeong Jun ),최준혁 ( Choe Jun Hyeog ),신승수 ( Sin Seung Su ),오윤정 ( O Yun Jeong ),최영화 ( Choe Yeong Hwa ),박광주 ( Park Gwang Ju ),황성철 ( 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2003 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.55 No.6

Area-Efficient Time-Shared Digital-to-Analog Converter With Dual Sampling for AMOLED Column Driver IC’s

An, Tai-Ji,Hwang, Moon-Sang,Choe, Won-Jun,Ahn, Gil-Cho,Lee, Seung-Hoon IEEE 2018 IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regul Vol.65 No.10

<P>This paper presents a 24-channel time-shared 8-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with dual sampling to minimize the effective channel area of the column driver integrated circuit (IC) for high-resolution active-matrix organic light emitting diodes (AMOLED). The proposed time-shared DAC significantly reduces the effective channel area of the column driver IC, since a single high-speed DAC is shared among multi channels. The dual-sampling architecture for the output amplifiers also reduces the power consumption of the column driver IC, where the operating time of the time-shared DAC and the output amplifier is efficiently handled during the limited 1-horizontal time. The sampling accuracy of the dual-sampling architecture is improved by a simple dummy switch and a source follower. The proposed time-shared DAC with the dual sampling is implemented by a 0.13- <TEX>$\mu \text{m}$</TEX> high-voltage complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process and integrated in a 960-channel column driver IC, while the effective channel area of the column driver IC is 5520 <TEX>$\mu \text{m}^{2}$</TEX>. As a result of driving an 11-inch-wide quad extended graphics array AMOLED panel by using the prototype column driver IC, the panel uniformly generates a clear image.</P>

스테로이드 치료 후 회복기의 규칙적인 운동이 쥐의 스테로이드 유발성 위축 뒷다리근에 미치는 영향

최명애,변영순,황애란,김희승,홍해숙,최스미,서화숙,이경숙,박미정,신기수,안경주,이윤경,임지회 대한기초간호자연과학회 2002 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.4 No.1

This study was conducted to determine whether low intensity regular exercise following steroid treatment could attenuate steroid-induced muscle atrophy. Thirty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 165~175g were divided into six groups;control group(C), dexamethasone administration group(D), sedentary after normal saline administration group(C+Se), exercise after normal saline administration group(C+Ex), sedentary group after dexamethasone administration(D+Se), exercise group after dexamethasone administration(D+Ex). Either dexamethasone(5mg/kg) or normal saline was injected for 7days accordingly. Exercise was started at 10m/min on the 10?grade treadmill and gradually increased up to 15m/min by the 7th day for 60minutes/day(20min×3). The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test using the SPSS WIN 9.0 program. Body weight, muscle weight and myofibrillar protein content of both plantaris and gastrocnemius, Type I, II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of plantaris, and Type II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of gastrocnemis in D group were significantly lower than those of C group(p<.05) respectively. Hindlimb muscle weight, myofibrillar protein content of both plantaris and gastrocnemius, Type I muscle fiber cross-sectional area of soleus and Type I, II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of plantaris in D+Ex group tended to increase compared to those of D+Se group. Myofibrillar protein content of both plantaris and gastrocnemius, Type I muscle fiber cross-sectional area of plantaris in D+Ex group tended to increase compared to those of C+Se group. Based on these results, it is suggested that regular low-intensity exercise during recovery period after steroid treatment might facilitate the recovery from steroid-induced muscle atrophy.

성형온도휴즈 감정기법에 대한 연구

이상준,최승복,주희선,문용수,안성일,Lee, Sang-Jun,Choe, Seung-Bok,Ju, Hui-Seon,Mun, Yong-Su,An, Seong-Il 한국화재조사학회 2003 한국화재조사학회 논문지 Vol.2 No.1

비특이항을 고려한 균질이방성체내 수평균열의 해석

임원균,최승룡,안현수,Im, Won-Gyun,Choe, Seung-Ryong,An, Hyeon-Su 대한기계학회 2000 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.24 No.1

The one-parameter singular expression for stresses and displacements near a crack tip has been widely thought to be sufficiently accurate over a reasonable re ion for any geometry and loading conditions. In many cases, however subsequent terms of the series expansion are quantitatively significant, and so we now consider the evaluation of such terms and their effect on the predicted crack growth direction. For this purpose the problem of a cracked orthotropic plate subjected to a biaxial load is analysed. It is assumed that the material is ideal homogeneous anisotropic. BY considering the effect of the load applied parallel to the plane of the crack, the distribution of stresses and displacements at the crack tip is reanalyzed. In order to determine values for the angle of initial crack extension we employ the normal stress ratio criterion.

남부지역 시설하우스 벼 극조기재배의 안전작기 설정

최장수 ( Choe Jang Su ),안덕종 ( An Deog Jong ),원종건 ( Won Jong Geon ),이승필 ( Lee Seung Pil ),윤재탁 ( Yun Jae Tag ),김길웅 ( Kim Gil Ung ) 한국농림기상학회 2003 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.5 No.3

N/A Optimum transplanting time for extremely early rice cultivation as an after-crop of fruit and vegetables under greenhouse conditions in the southern area was determined. Rice was transplanted on March 10, March 20, March 30, April 10 and April 20 for three years from 1998 to 2000. Meteorological computations for rice production were high for heading between early May and early July, but they were too low for heading between late July and early August. Especially the expected yield predicted with 35,000 spikelets, the average spikelets per ㎡ for extremely early transplanting. Computation for heading between late July and early August was low by 106 kg/10a compared with that yield at heading during the same period in the field. As the transplanting date in extremely early rice cultivation was earlier, rice growth at early stages was more retarded by low temperature. Rice growth at heading stage recovered with high temperature, showing less difference for the transplanting date. Abnormal tillers occurred by 15.5~22.2%. The contribution of 1,000 grain weightxripened grain ratio to yield of the extremely early rice cultivation in the greenhouse was 50.6%, indicating 16% higher than the degree of panicle per ㎡ on yield. The estimated optimum transplanting time on the basis of yield for the extremely early greenhouse rice cultivation ranged from March 19 to April 28, and the estimated critical transplanting date on the basis of accumulated effective temperature was March 12. Rice reduced the amount of NO3-N by 97.1% and EC by 90.5% in greenhouse soil with continuous fruit/vegetables for more than a 10-year period, and completely removed the root-knot nematodes.

초등학생을 위한 무용교육 연구동향

최예원(Choe, Ye-Won),정승혜(Jung, Seung-Hye),안병주(An, Byong-Ju) 한국체육과학회 2014 한국체육과학회지 Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine research trends in dance education for elementary school students in an effort to determine the accurate state of elementary dance education, problems with it and the flow of research. After 161 papers were selected, the selected papers were analyzed in terms of year, research institution, type of education, research method, educational program and content, and statistical data on frequency and percentage were presented by using Excel. The findings of the study were as follows: First, as a result of analyzing the papers by year, only one study (0.6%) was conducted in 1996 and 1998 respectively, which was the lowest frequency. There was a gradual increase in the number of studies in and after 2000, but only five(3.1%) and four(2.5%) studies were implemented in 2005 and 2006 respectively. Afterwards, 17 studies(1O.6%) were conducted in 2007, and a lot of studies had been conducted from then on. Second, as a result of analyzing the studies by research institution, the number of theses was 156(96.9%), and that of dissertations was five (3.1%). The theses outnumbered the dissertations. Third, as a result of analyzing the papers by type of education, nonacademic education was most widely covered, which 83 papers(51.6%) dealt with. 55 studies(34.2%) dealt with academic education, and 23 studies(14.3%) didn’t give any specific information the type of education or didn’t mention it at all. Fourth, as a result of analyzing the papers by research method, research studies were most prevailing, which were conducted in 68 studies(42.2%). The second most common research method was experimental research(1)(survey), which was conducted in 66 studies (41%). The third most dominant research method was experimental research(2)(measuring physiological changes), which was carried out in 20 studies(l2.4%). Participant observation and in-depth interview were conducted in six studies(3.7%), and video feedback was used in one study(O.6%). The frequency of these methods was lower than that of research study and experimental research. Fifth, as a result of analyzing the papers by educational program, the largest number of the studies that was 46(28.6%) didn’t mention the specific genre of the educational programs. The second most frequent programs were dance-for-all programs(40 studies, 24.S%) and creative dance programs (38, 23.6%). The other kinds of programs weren’t conducted a lot. Ballet programs were conducted in 10 studies(6.2%), and other programs that included motion development programs, imagery dance programs and multiple intelligence theory programs were used in nine studies(5.6%). Integrated art education programs were utilized in five studies(3.1%); Hanaro model of instructions in three studies(1.9%); and modern dance programs in one study (0.6%). Sixth, as for analysis of the papers by content, which domain was examined in the studies that dealt with a single domain was analyzed. And it’s found that the affective domain was most examined(66 studies, 41%), followed by the social domain(24, 14.9%), the physical domain(18, 11.2%) and the cognitive domain(17, 10.6%). Which domains were examined in the studies that dealt with two domains or more was analyzed, and the affective and social domains were most examined(21, 13%), followed by the affective and physical domains(eight, 5%) and other domains(two, 1.2%).

수자원부문 기술연구의 가치평가

최승안,Choe Seung-An 한국수자원학회 2006 물과 미래(한국수자원학회지) Vol.39 No.7

서맥으로 치료받은 만성 신질환 환자들에 대한 임상적 고찰

최두환 ( Choe Du Hwan ),안선호 ( An Seon Ho ),정성원 ( Jeong Seong Won ),이유민 ( Lee Yu Min ),김현정 ( Kim Hyeon Jeong ),이명수 ( Lee Myeong Su ),백승훈 ( Baeg Seung Hun ),송주흥 ( Song Ju Heung ) 대한신장학회 2004 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.23 No.2

배 경 : 만성 신질환 환자들은 심혈관계 합병증으로 인한 사망률이 증가하는데 고칼륨혈증 등과 같은 전해질 이상을 동반할 수 있고, 기저질환 혹은 약물에 의해서도 변화될 수 있어 주의가 요구된다. 저자들은 현저한 서맥으로 인한 증상을 주소로 내원한 만성 신질환 환자들의 임상적 특징을 관찰하고 심전도 변화를 야기하는 요인들의 분석과 항께 안정적으로 투석을 시행할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 방 법 : 1999년 7월부터 2003년 7월까지 서맥 때문에 응급실로 내원한 만성 신질환 환자에서 서맥의 조절 및 고칼륨혈증에 대한 통상적인 방법을 시행했음에도 불구하고 생명징후의 불안정과 임상적 증상이 지속되어 임시 인공 심박조율기를 삽입한 후 혈액투석을 시행한 14예에 대한 임상적 특성과 유발 요인을 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 관찰 대상 14예 중 유지혈액투석 중인 말기신부전은 8예, 투석전 만성 신질환 환자는 6예였다. 만성 신질환 원인은 당뇨병성이 10예, 비당뇨병성이 4예였고, 평균 연령은 60.8±11.4세, 10명은 남자, 4명은 여자였다. 응급실 내원시 검사실 소견은 s-Cr 8.2±4.1 ㎎/dL, K 6.0±1.4 mEq/L, Ca²^(+) 4.4±1.3 ㎎/dL, P 5.7±3.4 ㎎/dL, Mg 3.2±0.8 ㎎/dL, HCO₃^(-) 16.4土3,7 mEq/L, 수축기 혈압 95.7±19.9 mmHg, 심박동 26.5±6.6 bpm였다. 심 전도 소견은 방실접합부 이탈율동 (sinus arrest with escape junctional rhythm) 11예, 완전 3도 방실전도장애 (complete third degree atrioventricular disturbance) 3예였다. 이중 방실접합부 이탈율동이었던 11예는 임시 인공심박조율기를 삽입하고 혈액투석을 시행한 후 정상 율동으로 회복되었고, 유지혈액투석 중이던 환자에서 발생한 완치 3도 방실전도장에 1예는 영구형 인공심박 조율기를 삽입하였으나 6개월 후 정상 율동으로 회복되었다. 투석 전인 만성 신질환 환자에서 발생한 완전 3도 방실전도장애 2예 중, 1예는 주석 후 정상 율동으로 회복되었고 1예는 투석 후에도 정상 율동으로 회복되지 않아 영구형 인공 심박조율기를 삽입한 후 현재까지 작동 중이다. 혈중 칼륨이 6.5 mEq/L 미만인 경우가 9예었고, 5.5 mEq/L 미만인 경우도 4예가 있었으며 이들은 모두 당뇨를 기저질환으로 가지고 있으면서 4예 모두 digoxin을 사용하고 있었고 diltiazem은 3예, α,β-차단제는 1예에서 사용하고 있었다. 또한 전체 14예 중 8예에서 diltiazem, 3예에서 β-차단제, 3예에서 α,β-차단제를 사용하고 있었고, 1예에서는 미상의 항고혈압제를 사용하였다. Digoxin은 5예에서 사용 중이었고 이중 4예는 정상범주의 농도를 유지하고 있었고 1예에서 4.0 ng/mL였다. 투석 전인 만성 신질환 환자군과 유지혈액투석 중인 환자군으로 구분 하여 비교시 K 5.8土1.0 vs 6.2±1.7 mEq/L, HCO₃^(-) 17.7±3.7 vs 15.4±3.8 mEq/L, Ca²^(+) 4.5±2.3 vs 4.3±0.6 ㎎/dL로 통계적인 유의성은 없었고, Mg만 2.4±0.9 vs 3.5±0.5 ㎎/dL (p<0.05)로 통계적 유의성이 있었다. 결 론 : 만성 신질환 환자에서 서맥이 발생할 수도 있으며, 특히 당뇨가 합병된 경우 diltiazem, digoxin, β-차단제, α,β-차단제 등과 같이 전도장애를 야기할 수 있는 약물은 주의해서 사용해야 하며, 고칼륨혈증이 발생되지 않도록 해야 한다. 뿐만 아니라 고칼륨혈증이 없더라고 요독증 때문에도 서맥이 발생할 수 있음으로 보존적 치료에도 생명징후가 불안정한 경우 우선적으로 임시 인공심박조율기를 사용해 혈압을 안정화시킨 후 가급적 빨리 혈액투석을 시행하는 것이 치료의 한 방법이라 사료된다. Since profound hyperkalemia induces fatal arrhythmias, the recognition of its electrocardiographic manifestations is very important. The changes on the ECG correlated roughly with the severity of hyperkalemia. It has been, however, less recognized that severe hyperkalemia is associated with bradycardia. We present 14 patients with chronic kidney disease manifesting marked bradycardia in the presence or absence of hyperkalemia. It is interesting that diabetes mellitus which was complicated in 10 of 14 patients in the present study might exaggerate bradycardia with or without hyperkalemla. 9 patients, who were taking drugs such as diltiazem. β-blocker, α, β-blocker, and digoxin, developed bradycardia even when their plasma potassium concentration were moderate (<6.5 mEq/L). Therefore, we suggest that synergistic action of these drugs, hyperkalemia, diabetse mellitus, and uremic toxin in patient with chronic kidney disease might play a role in inducing bradycardia. (Korean J Nephrol 2004;23(2):256-262)

Diagnostic performance of CD66c in lung adenocarcinoma-associated malignant pleural effusion: comparison with CEA, CA 19-9, and CYFRA 21-1.

Son, Seung-Myoung,Han, Hye-Suk,An, Jin Young,Choe, Kang Hyeon,Lee, Ki Man,Lee, Ki Hyeong,Kim, So-Seul,Lee, Yong-Moon,Lee, Ho-Chang,Song, Hyung Geun,Lee, Ok-Jun Modern Medicine, etc.] 2015 Pathology Vol.47 No.2

<P>Various tumour markers have been evaluated in malignant pleural effusions, but not CD66c. This study evaluated the diagnostic ability of CD66c in lung adenocarcinoma-associated malignant pleural effusions (LA-MPEs) and compared it with other known tumour markers. Forty-seven cases of LA-MPE and 52 cases of benign pleural effusions were collected. The levels of CD66c, CEA, CA 19-9, and CYFRA 21-1 were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The expression of CD66c, CEA, and CA 19-9 in cell blocks was measured by immunocytochemistry. CEA had the best diagnostic values, with a sensitivity of 87.2% and specificity of 92.3%. Both CD66c and CA 19-9 showed the highest specificity of 98.1%, with sensitivities of 63.8% and 55.3%, respectively. CYFRA 21-1 had a sensitivity of 83.0% and specificity of 76.9%. CEA combined with CA 19-9 reached a sensitivity of 91.5% and a specificity of 98.1%. The sensitivities of immunocytochemical staining for CD66c, CEA, and CA 19-9 were 72.5%, 75%, and 40%, respectively. CD66c showed a diagnostic performance comparable to CYFRA 21-1 and CA 19-9 by enzyme immunoassay. Immunocytochemical study showed that CD66c and CEA were more sensitive than CA19-9. Both studies support CD66c as a potential tumour marker to differentiate LA-MPE from benign effusions.</P>