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미생물 포괄 고정화방식을 이용한 수산물 가공공장 폐수처리
정병철,장수현,김종배,김건배,최선남,이근우,정병곤 7개 국립대학교 환경연구논문집 공동발행 위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-
Feasibility of simultaneous removal of organic and nitrogen is evaluated as applying microbial entrapping method to treat fish processing wastewater. Treatability test is conducted immobilizing activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant to gel matrix made of cellulose triacetate. Stable operation can be possible when applying organic and nitrogen loading rate increasingly to wastewater treatment system composed of anoxic and oxic tank. Organic loading rate and nitrogen loading rate are applied 0.65-1.72kg COD/㎥/d and 0.119-0.317kg T-N/㎥/d, respectively. In case of wastewater from fish processing plant used in this study, it is evaluated that 0.3kg T- N/㎥/d is upper limit of applicable space loading rate because effluent T-N concentration is exceed 60mg/L, legal effluent dishargeable limit of T-N concentration in Korea, when space loading rate is exceed 0.3kg T-N/㎥/d. It is evaluated that nitrification of system is performed efficiently regardless fo variation of applied loading rate because removal efficiency of NH_(4)^(+)-N is relatively constant when the applied NH_(4)^(+)-N loading rate is increased gradually, while decrease of T-N removal efficiency is apparent when the applied loading rate is increased gradually. Nitrate removal efficiency in this study is varied from 98.62% to 99.51% depending on applied loading rate, while nitrification efficiency of oxic reactor is varied from 94.0% to 96.9%. It is showed that COD removal efficiency is varied from 94.2% to 96.6% and T-N removal efficiency is varied from 73.4% to 83.4% depending on loading rate applied in this study.
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최병순,김효남,강순희,신인철 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1993 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.3 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the conception of elementary school students on evaporation and condensation, and then to verify the types of the conception. Forty-eight children from six elementary schools were sampled by stratified random sampling in Seoul and other provinces. They responded to the questionaire and the interview. This study was carried out according to the process of the basic study, the preliminary study, and the main study. The materials collected were classified and analyzed according to the types of children's ideas. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. The vocabulary used to describe the evaporation phenomena varied according to the situations, and the scientific term "evaporation" was more frequently used by the older groups. 2. Most children answered that the last location of water were air/sky/cloud. Air/cloud which represents the scientific conception of the location of water were mentioned by children of all ages. The higher the grade of the children were, the more scientific conception the children mentioned, however. 3. Most children referred to the heat as the factor of evaporation. Wind, on the other hand was mentioned by less than 10% of lower graders, and by about 30% of higher graders. 4. The result of asking children whether they thought it was possible to get the evaporated water back showed that about 70% of lower graders denied the possibility of the water being reversible. About 60% of higher graders, however, recognized that the water will be returned as rain or condensation. This increase may be associated with formal teaching of water cycle. 5. In the ideas of evaporation and condensation, some of the children have supernatural ideas and animism, which are most younger chilren's characteristics.
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高秉浩,南基旻,趙喆柱 청주대학교 새마을연구소 1990 새마을硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.-
Looking back upon the Saemaul Undong, even since it began in the year 1970, it has been developed more powerfully and accomplished community development with the slogan of diligence, self-help and cooperation. As the result, most villages have gotten the improvement of physical environment, income increasing and positive changes in the attitudes and values of inhabitants. However, in spite of the Saemaul Undong's achievements, the movement has been faced to many kind of problems about the middle of the time of 1980's. And so nowadays, Saemaul Undong is not get out of a swamp of stagnation. Of course, it cannot he denied that it has made much contribution to the community development, but it is confronted with many serious problems. The reasons for the decline of Saemaul Undong are mainly the corruption of the headquarters of Saemaul Undong, disordered society, disparity of strata, depersonalization, the lack of new methodologies in the pursuit of Saemaul Undong, and etc. Recognizing these problems and to cope with the newly emerzing situation, a need has arisen for a change in Saemaul Undong. Therefore, these paper aims at researching for a new methodologies and strategies to carry out Saemaul Undong's progams continuously, and intends to suggest a new direction of sustaining Saemaul Undong. For the Purposes of suggesting altternatives continuously sustaining Saemaul Undong, this paper intends to formulate the principles and new directions of Saemaul Undong as follows : (1) The objectives and methodologies of Saemaul Undong should be reorganized in the context of new emerging situations. (2) Revitalizing local towns and rural areas must be pursued with special reference with hometown development. For the purpose, it is proper to organize a society for the support of hometown, and to invest money and resources in trying to help it. (3) In the spiritual aspect, it is desirable that the spirits of Saemaul Undong : diligence, self-help and cooperation should be expanded into a public interest and self-governing. (4) To induce residents to take part in and support Saemaul Undong, Noluntary Systems are formulated for securing public interest and a cultivation of personality. (5) A public movement creating a new nation, to meet a new twenty-frist centry, should be pushed ahead with a nation-wide development. (6) In a dimension of province level Saemaul Undong, the local branch of the headquarters of Saemaul Undong must take the initiative in doing Saemaul projects, and residents show their ability to carry out Saemaul Undong.
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김태민,김서경,황인남,황윤찬,강병철,윤숙자,이재서,오원만 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.1
This study was performed to assess the radiopacity of a variety of root canal sealers according to the Specification concerning root canal sealers. Ten materials including Tubli-Seal™, Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer™, AH 26^(R), AH plus^(R), AH plus jet™, Ad seal™, Sealapex™, NOGENOU™, ZOB seal™, Epiphany™, and dentin were evaluated in this study. In the first part. densitometric reading of an each step of aluminum step wedge on occlusal film was performed at different voltage and exposure time. In the second part, ten specimens were radiographed simultaneously with an aluminum step wedges on the occlusal films under decided condition. The mean radiographic density values of the materials were transformed into radiopacity expressed equivalent thickness of aluminum (mm Al). The following results were obtained 1 Among the various conditions, the appropriate voltage and exposure time that meet the requirement density was 60 kVp at 0.2 s 2 All of the materials had greater radiopacity than 3 mm Al requirement of ANSI/ADA specification No. 57 (2000) and ISO No. 6876 (2001) standards. 3 The radiopacity of materials increased as thickness of materials increased. 4 The mm Al value of each specimen at 1mm in thickness has a significant difference in the statistics. It suggests that root canal sealers have a sufficient radiopacity that meet the requirement. 다양한 근관전색제는 방사선 사진상 주위 해부학적 구조와 구별될 만한 방사선 불투과성을 나타내야 한다 따라서 이런 물질들이 근관에 충전될 때의 방사선 불투과성 정도를 평가해야 할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 다양한 근관전색제들의 방사선 불투과성을 평가하고자, 방사선 노출조건에 따른 aluminium step wedge에 대한 광학 밀도를 알아보고, 그 중 적절한 노출조건을 선택하여 수종의 근관 전색재의 방사선 불투과성 정도를 알루미늄 두께로 환산하여 비교해 보고자 한다. 방사선 불투과성의 기준을 위해 11개의 step으로 구성된 aluminum step wedge을 사용하여, 60kVP, 70kVp관전압 상태에서 각각 0.2, 0.3, 0.4초 그리고 0.2, 0.3, 0.33초의 꼭 노출시간으로 교합필름상에서 방사선 촬영후 적절한 노출 조건을 구하였다. 직경 5mm 각각의 두께 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mm인 10종 (Tubli-Seal™, Kerr pulp Canal Sealer™, AH26^(R), AHplus^(R), AH plus jet starter kit™, Ad seal™, Sealapex™, Nogenol root canal sealer™, ZOB seal™, Epiphany™)의 근관전색재 시편을 각 재료와 두께당 10개씩 제작한 후, 동일한 두께의 상아질 시편, aluminum step wedge와 함께 정해진 노출시간에 따라 방사선 촬영을 하였다. 모든 필름은 자동현상기로 현상하였다. 시편의 방사선 흑화도를 densitometer로 5회 반복 측정 후, 평균값을 구하여 알루미눔 두께로 환산하였다.얻어진 정보를 분석하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1 관전압 60 kVp에서 노출시간 0.2, 0.3, 0.4초, 70 kVp에서 0.2, 0.3, 0.33초로 변화를 주어 방사선 촬영을 하였을 때 흑화도가 ISO No. 6876 규격에 가장 적합한 것은 60 kVP, 0.2초 일 경우였다. 2 측정된 근관 전색제의 방사선 불투과성은 2.29 mm Al (N0GEN0L)로부터 13.69 mm Al (AH Plus jet)까지 다양하게 나타났으나, 모두 ANSI/ADA specification (2000) 또는 ISO No. 6876 (2001) 규격이 제시한 최소한 3mm Al 이상의 방사선 불투과성을 지녀야 한다는 기준에 적합하였다. 3 재료의 두께가 증가할수록 방사선 불투과성은 증가하지만, 정비례하지는 않았다. 4 각 실험재료의 1 mm 두께의 시편에 대한 mm Al값들은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이상의 결과는 본 실험에 사용된 수종의 근관 전색재는 모든 규격에 적합한 방사선 불투과성을 가지고 있음을 시사한다.
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최병철(Byung-Cheol, Choi),김병수(Byung-Soo Kim),김진욱(Jin-Wook Kim),강창룡(Chang-Yong Kang),남기우(Ki-Woo Nam) 대한기계학회 2018 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2018 No.12
This study was investigated mechanical properties, damping capacity and natural frequency using STS316L steel with different thickness and cold rolled STS316L steel. The austenite phase was transformed into a martensite phase by cold rolling. Tensile strength increased with increasing of the degree of cold rolling, but elongation decreased. The damping capacity was decreased as the degree of cold rolling increased. The natural frequency showed a tendency to decrease slightly as the degree of cold rolling increased, and increased as the thickness increased. The natural frequency of the FFT analysis was found to be the secondary frequency. The natural frequency ratios showed a constant value, and there was no structure effect.
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