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Case Reports : A Case of Pulmonary Vein Tumor Presenting as a Left Atrial Mass
Hyo Keun Jeon,Jung Ho Kim,Gwon Hyun Cho,Sun Young Kyung,Sung Hwan Jeong,Wook Jin Chung,Na Rae Kim 대한내과학회 2007 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.22 No.1
Primary cardiac tumors are extremely rare and can originate within the heart or be the result of tumor spread from other sites. We report a female patient with a pulmonary vein tumor extending into the left atrium that had a suspicious primary malignant origin with a sacral metastatic carcinoma. The patient was admitted complaining of pain in her buttock area as a result of a sacral tumor. It was believed that the sacral tumor was a metastasis from the imaging study and clinical manifestation. The primary malignant origin was evaluated. The chest CT showed a left atrium thrombus-like lesion without a pulmonary abnormality. After a transesophageal echocardiogram, the patient was diagnosed with a pulmonary vein tumor extending to the left atrium. The patient was given palliative radiotherapy for the sacral pain. Initially, the clinical impression was a metastatic sacral tumor with a thromboembolism of the left atrium. However, this patient was finally diagnosed with a pulmonary vein tumor with a left atrium extension by a transesophageal echocardiogram.
Effects of Phenobarbital Pretreatment on Ethyl Carbamate-induced Embryotoxicity in Rats
Chung, Moon-Koo,Jiang, Cheng-Zhe,Kim, Jong-Choon,Yun, Hyo-In,Han, Sang-Seop,Roh, Jung-Koo Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 1997 Toxicological Research Vol.13 No.1
Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a potent teratogen in rodents and is present at low concentration in fermented foods and alcohol beverages. It has been well hypothesized that some metabolic products are responsible for the teratogenic effects of the compound. In the present study, the effects of phenobarbital (PB) on EC-induced embryotoxicity were investigated in SD rats. Six groups were constructed: EC 300 (EC 300 mg/kg/day), EC 600 (EC 600 mg/kg/day), EC 600+PB (EC 600 mg/kg/day and PB 80 mg/kg/day), PB (PB 80 mg/kg/day), DR (dietary restriction, 8 g/day/rat) and a control group. Rats of the EC 600+PB group were pretreated with phenobarbital intraperitoneally for three days to induce cytochrome P450 enzymes, followed by oral administration of EC for two consecutive days. The incidence of fetal deaths in the EC 600+PB group was higher than that of the EC 600 group(42.7 vs. 14.3%). The incidence of fetal realformations in the EC 600+PB group was higher than that of the EC 600 group (external; 7.0 vs. 4.1%, visceral; 31.4 vs. 11.3%, skeletal; 11.1 vs. 6.5%). There was no embryotoxicity in the control, EC 300, PB and DR groups. These results show that the pretreatment with phenobarbital augments EC-induced embryotoxicity in rats, indicating an evidence that metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 may be the major pathway of EC to its embryotoxic forms.
( Sung Won Chung ),( Jeong-hoon Lee ),( Minseok Albert Kim ),( Sun Woong Kim ),( Young Chang ),( Hyo Young Lee ),( Joon Sik Yoon ),( Yun Bin Lee ),( Eun Ju Cho ),( Su Jong Yu ),( Yoon Jun Kim ),( Jung 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only treatment which can modify the clinical course of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and there have been few treatment options for UDCA-refractory PBC. Several studies reported that fibrates effectively reduce serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in UDCA-refractory PBC, but their long-term effects remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fibrates on clinical outcomes in UDCA-refractory PBC. Methods: This retrospective study involved consecutive patients whose ALP had not been normalized with UDCA treatment for >1 year at a tertiary referral center. The primary outcome was the rate of ALP (± gamma-glutamyltransferase [GGT]) normalization and secondary outcomes included the development of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, death, and liver transplantation. Baseline characteristics were adjusted or balanced using inverse probability weighting analysis (IPW) and the Cox hazards model. Results: A total of 66 UDCA-refractory PBC patients were included: 45 patients who were treated with 13-15 mg/kg of UDCA (the UDCA group) and 21 patients who received UDCA + additional fibrate (fenofibrate 160 mg/day or bezafibrate 200 mg/day; the fibrate/UDCA group). The baseline serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (53.8±33.5 vs 38.8±17.1 IU/L, P=0.02) and albumin (4.0±0.5 vs 4.2±0.2 g/dL, P=0.006) significantly differed between two groups. The rates of both ALP normalization (hazard ratio [HR]=7.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.65-16.77, P<0.001 by log-rank test) and ALP/GGT normalization (HR=5.50, 95% CI=2.34-12.95, P<0.001) were significantly higher in the fibrate/UDCA group. At week 48, ALP was normalized in 86.3% of the fibrate/UDCA group and 17.9% of the UDCA group. Of the 36 patients who had no baseline cirrhosis (11 in the fibrate/ UDCA group and 25 in the fibrate/UDCA group), none in the fibrate/UDCA group and 9 patients (36.0%) in the UDCA group developed cirrhosis (HR=0.16, 95% CI=0.001-1.35, P=0.09) during study period. However, when baseline characteristics were balanced by IPW, the fibrate/UDCA group demonstrated a significantly lower risk of cirrhosis development (P=0.02). Neither the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development (P=0.69) nor death or liver transplantation (P=0.16) differed significantly. Conclusions: In PBC patients who failed to achieve ALP normalization despite the appropriate dose of UDCA, additional fibrate treatment is associated with a higher probability of ALP normalization and a lower risk of cirrhosis.
Foxp3 is a novel repressor of microglia activation
Chung, Hwan-Suck,Lee, Jun-Ho,Kim, Hyunseong,Lee, Hyo-Jung,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Kwon, Ho-Keun,Im, Sin-Hyeog,Bae, Hyunsu Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Glia Vol.58 No.10
<P>Forkhead transcription factor3 (Foxp3) is critical for generating CD4<SUP>+</SUP>CD25<SUP>+</SUP> regulatory T cells. However, its role in microglia has not been identified. Here, we show that Foxp3 is expressed in microglia and is upregulated upon activation. In Foxp3 mutant mice (Foxp3<SUP>sf</SUP>), microglia release higher levels of inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as NO, MCP-1, CXCL10, and ROS upon liposaccharide treatment than the wild type, while TNF-α and IL-1β were not significantly different between wild and mutant microglial cells. In addition, Foxp3 silencing enhances inflammatory responses, suggesting that the major role of Foxp3 in microglia is that of a repressor of activation. Similarly, Foxp3 overexpression reduces inflammatory responses in microglia. We also demonstrate that Foxp3 interacts directly with NF-κB and modulates its transcriptional activities. These findings point to the importance of Foxp3 in NF-κB mediated inflammatory responses in microglia. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
( Hyo Jeong Lee ),( Hyo Jeong Kang ),( Eun Sil Yu ),( Kang Mo Kim ),( Ju Hyun Shim ),( Young Suk Lim ),( Han Chu Lee ),( Young Hwa Chung ),( Yung Sang Lee ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1
Background: Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) have been reported to be involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There are 4 isotypes of FGFR (FGFR1-4) and the expression pattern of each FGFR isotype in HCC is still unknown. This study is aimed to assess FGFR isotype expression pattern in HCC and neighbouring non-neoplastic liver tissue and to evaluate the relationship between FGFR isotype expression pattern and overall survival (OS) of patients. Methods: We performed immunohistochemical staining of FGFR1, 2, 3 and 4 in HCC and paired neighboring nonneoplastic liver tissues of 870 HCC patients who underwent hepatic resection from 1998 to 2004. Among these patients, clinical data of 153 patients, who received curative resection as primary therapy from 2003 to 2004, was reviewed retrospectively and association of FGFR isotype expression with clinical parameter was also evaluated. Results: Among total 870 patients, expression of FGFR1, 2, 3 and 4 were observed in 5.3, 18.7, 3.8 and 52.9% of HCC tissues, respectively. FGFR1 and 4 were positive in 5.9 and 82.9% of non-neoplastic liver tissues but FGFR2 and 3 were not expressed in adjacent liver tissue. Among 153 patients whose clinical parameters were reviewed, the patients with positive FGFR2 staining in HCC tissue showed significantly shorter OS than the patients with negative FGFR2 (5-year survival rate 35.3 vs 61.8%, p=0.02). However, there was no significant difference in OS of patients according to the expression of FGFR1, 3 and 4 in HCC tissues. In multivariate analysis of potential factors to affect OS, FGFR2 expression in HCC tissue was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in postsurgical survival of HCC patients(hazard ratio 2.10, p=0.02). Conclusions: FGFR2 expression in HCC tissue might be used as a valuable prognostic biomarker for HCC patients after hepatic resection and also be a novel therapeutic target for molecular targeted agent in HCC.
Sang Ho Rha,Un Ki Kim,Jisim Jung,Hyo Kyeom Kim,Yoon Soo Jung,Eun Suk Hwang,Yoon Jang Chung,Mijung Lee,Jung-Hae Choi,Cheol Seong Hwang IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol.60 No.3
<P>Asymmetric Schottky contact thin-film-transistors (ASC-TFTs) with an amorphous- In<SUB>2</SUB>Ga<SUB>2</SUB>ZnO<SUB>7</SUB> channel were fabricated, and their operation characteristics were examined. Ti, Ni, and Pt were evaluated as source/drain metal, and the variations in the device performance were analyzed in terms of energy level and bias polarity, which were carefully simulated to understand the influence of the contact properties on the device performance. The contact nature largely influenced the distribution of potential under the given gate and drain biases, as well as the accompanying carrier accumulation layer and current path formation. Schottky-type contact induced conduction path formation even on the back surface of the channel when drain voltage was high even with sufficiently high gate bias being applied. Based on these results, by applying different metal for each source and drain metal, ASC-TFTs integrating TFTs and Schottky diodes were fabricated, which showed a rectification ratio of drain current higher than 10<SUP>8</SUP> according to the bias direction. In addition, the transfer and output characteristics of ASC-TFTs were evaluated for various operation regimes, and the roles of the Schottky junction in device operation were studied in detail.</P>