Franchising for Global Distribution: A Systematic Review

Nurul Ashykin ABD AZIZ,Mohamad Rohieszan RAMDAN,Khairunnisa ABDUL AZIZ,Hasif Rafidee HASBOLLAH,Noreen Noor ABD AZIZ,Nik Syuhailah NIK HUSSIN,Md Zaki MUHAMAD HASAN 한국유통과학회 2023 유통과학연구 Vol.21 No.10

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore areas that have been studied extensively in previous studies related to franchising as a platform for global distribution. Furthermore, franchising is a strategic distribution method that gives entrepreneurs the opportunity to replicate an established business model. In addition, franchisees benefit from the use of established branding and receive support from the franchisor. Research design, data, and methodology: This study used the Preferred Reporting Items Systematics Review and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) method to analyse data from 2003 to 2023 in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Results: A total of 79 articles were identified and analysed to see trends and related themes such as product distribution, business distribution, business strategy, emerging market, and franchising relationship. Also, publication trends by year related to franchises are also presented. Conclusions: Overall, the research trend related to franchising as a global distribution is well seen, and every year, many researchers begin to explore the topic of franchising as a method of distribution that can be explored from various aspects either quantitatively or qualitatively. Lastly, limitations and recommendations are made to provide guidance for future studies related to the topic broadly and deeply in enriching the findings.

Anti-parasitic activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Eimeria tenella in broilers experimentally infected

Sadiya Aziz Anah,Saad Aziz Anah,Khadeeja Abees Hmood Al-Khalidy 대한수의학회 2022 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.62 No.4

In the study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNOPs) at concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg were tested for their antimicrobial action against the oocysts of Eimeria tenella. The oocysts of E. tenella were isolated from the feces of broilers received at the veterinary hospital in Diwaniyah Province and initially diagnosed by compound optical microscopy. The oocysts were confirmed molecularly by polymerase chain reaction targeting the ITS1 gene with a molecular weight of 409 bp. The results in the first week showed that ZNOP concentrations of 20 and 40 mg/kg possess various activities against E. tenella, while 60 mg/kg was the most effective in reducing excreted oocysts compared to the positive control and amprolium group, along with the appearance of mild symptoms and a mortality rate of 0.8%. In the second week of infection, excreted oocysts and mortality rates generally decreased in all treated groups. A comparison of all groups showed that the 60 mg/kg ZNOP-treated group had a significantly lower number of excreted oocysts, and all birds in this group recovered during the second week of infection. These findings revealed the prospect of using ZNOPs against E. tenella in challenging situations of the appearance of resistance to anticoccidial agents.

Mutual Consideration as a Principle for Doing Politeness

E. A. Aziz 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2006 東南亞硏究 Vol.15 No.2

Mutual Consideration as a Principle for Doing PolitenessE Aminudin Aziz(Indonesia University of Education) There are various strategies used by people to show politeness in their language exchange, all of which are largely determined by the level of a speaker's perception about the potential risk of losing face resulted from his/her utterance. The provision of responses other than refusals to a request directed to a speaker at times his/her circumstances actually pressure him/her to make a refusal or refusing the request indirectly accompanied by a number of politeness markers can be regarded as examples of the speaker's strong willingness to maintain the (existing) harmony with the requester. In this paper, I will show how indirectness has become the norm for Indonesians when making refusals. This is clearly contrary to the claim made by non-Indonesians which often regard such a behavior as a sign of uncooperativeness and impoliteness. It appears that there are a number of cultural norms and values that govern their linguistic politeness behaviors which I shall formulate in a Principle of Mutual Consideration (PMC). Being a refinement to Grice's (1975) CP and to Leech's (1983) PP, PMC assumes three levels of politeness: pre-communicative politeness, on the spot politeness, and post-communicative politeness.

The Stimulus Factors Influencing Intention to Participate in Shopping during the Distribution of the 12.12 Online Shopping Festivals in Malaysia

MAHMUDDIN Yasmin,ABDULLAH Mazilah,RAMDAN Mohamad Rohieszan,MOHD ANIM Nur Aqilah Hazirah,ABD AZIZ Nurul Ashykin,ABD AZIZ Nurul Aien,YAHAYA Rusliza,ABD AZIZ Noreen Noor 한국유통과학회 2022 유통과학연구 Vol.20 No.8

Purpose: Online shopping festivals have quickly become the newest trend in online shopping worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This has led to marketing distribution channels that traditionally emphasized traditional techniques having turned to electronic commerce platforms. Although the pandemic scenario encourages online purchasing, other factors, such as the influence of participation intention to shop during the Online Shopping Festival, must also be considered. Research design, data and methodology: Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis based on data from 121 respondents who are actively involved with online shopping activities in Klang Valley, Selangor. Results: The results of this study show that promotion categories and the perceived influence of mass participation have a significant influence on participation intention. Meanwhile, the perceived temptation of price promotion and perceived fun promotional activities did not significantly influence participation intention. Conclusions: Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature by using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Stimulus-Response models to explain the factors that drive participation intention for online shopping. In practice, this study attracts and encourages customers to shop during the festival day because various attractive promotions are offered by sellers in Malaysia

Saka and the Abject : Masculine Dominance, the Mother and Contemporary Malay Horror Films

AZIZ, Jamaluddin Bin,ASAARI, Azlina Bt 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2014 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.20 No.1

Malay horror films have made a comeback since the government of Malaysia in 2004 gradually relaxed the ban. Since then, Malaysian cinema has been flooded with horror films, and this causes concern among politicians as they argue that horror films can impede the growth of the mind, as the values perpetuated by horror films are seen to go against the government’s effort to promote scientific and critical thinking among Malaysians. We argue that understanding the current view that consigns this film genre to the feminine side of the binary system, hence, the irrational as opposed to the rational or masculine, is one of the reasons for such concern. Employing Julia Kristeva’s concept of abjection in the tradition of feminist psychoanalysis as the theoretical framework, this paper looks at the mother character and her relationship with Saka in a contemporary Malay horror film to reveal the ideological work of such masculine ideology. Saka is a mystical figure that is “invited” into a family and is passed down through the matrilineal line from one generation to the next. We argue that even though Saka is used as an entrapment for female liberatory possibilities, it ironically mirrors the destabilization of masculine dominance. We do this by illustrating how female characters in the genre are typecast and Saka functions as a masculine substitute that reinforces this idea, which ultimately is used to investigate female sexuality; hence, playing the typical role of masculine ideological dominance. Filem Seram telah muncul kembali setelah dilonggarkan syarat oleh kerajaan Malaysia pada tahun 2004. Sejak itu, terdapat kebanjiran filem seram, ini menjadikan satu fenomena yang merisaukan ahli politik yang membahaskan yang kebanjiran ini mampu membantutkan permikiran kerana nilai yang disampaikan oleh filem seram ini bercanggah dengan usaha kerajaan untuk mempromosi permikiran saintifik dan kritikal. Kami membahaskan bahawa dengan mencampakkan genre seram ini ke bahagian feminin dalam system binari, yakni yang tidak rasional berbanding sifat maskulin yang dikira rasional, adalah satu punca isu ini. Dengan menggunakan konsep abjection oleh Julia Kristeva dalam tradisi feminis psikoanalisis sebagai kerangka teori, makalah ini melihat kepada watak ibu dan hubungan beliau dengan Saka dalam satu filem seram kontemporari untuk merungkai ideologi maskulin yang terdapat dalam teks filem ini. Saka adalah satu kuasa yang diundang ke dalam sesuatu keluarga dan biasanya diturunkan melalui sebelah ibu. Kami membahaskan walaupun Saka digunakan sebagai satu perangkap kepada kemungkinan wanita untuk bebas, ia secara ironisnya mencerminkan ketidakstabilan dominasi maskulin. Kami membuktikan ini dengan menyatakan yang wanita dalam genre ini tidak progresif dan Saka berfungsi sebagai pengganti maskulin yang mengukuhkan dakwaan ini, yang akhirnya menyiasat seksualiti wanita. Hal ini menjadikan mereka alat memainkan maskulin yang dominan.

The epoxy resin system: function and role of curing agents

Aziz Tariq,Haq Fazal,Farid Arshad,Cheng Li,Chuah Lai Fatt,Bokhari Awais,Mubashir Muhammad,Tang Doris Ying Ying,Show Pau Loke 한국탄소학회 2024 Carbon Letters Vol.34 No.1

Curing agents are critical components of aqueous epoxy resin systems. Unfortunately, its uses and applications are restricted because of its low emulsifying yields. Epoxy resins are frequently used in electrical devices, castings, packaging, adhesive, corrosion resistance, and dip coating. In the presence of curing agents, epoxy resins become rigid and infusible. Eco-friendliness and mechanical functionality have emerged as vulcanization properties. Curing agents are used for surface modification, thermodynamic properties, functional approaches to therapeutic procedures, and recent advances in a variety of fields such as commercial and industrial levels. The curing agent has superior construction and mechanical properties when compared to the commercial one, which suggests that it has the potential for use as the architectural and industrial coatings. The thermal stability of cured products is good due to the presence of the imide group and the hydrogenated phenanthrene ring structure. Over the course of the projection period, it is anticipated that the global market for curing agents will continue to expand at a steady rate. The growth of the market is mainly driven by its expanding range in future applications such as adhesives, composites, construction, electrical, electronics, and wind energy. This review focused on the most recent advancements in curing techniques, emphasizing their thermal and mechanical properties. The review also presents a critical discussion of key aspects and bottleneck or research gap of the application of curing agents in the industrial areas. Similar content being viewed by others Curing agents are critical components of aqueous epoxy resin systems. Unfortunately, its uses and applications are restricted because of its low emulsifying yields. Epoxy resins are frequently used in electrical devices, castings, packaging, adhesive, corrosion resistance, and dip coating. In the presence of curing agents, epoxy resins become rigid and infusible. Eco-friendliness and mechanical functionality have emerged as vulcanization properties. Curing agents are used for surface modification, thermodynamic properties, functional approaches to therapeutic procedures, and recent advances in a variety of fields such as commercial and industrial levels. The curing agent has superior construction and mechanical properties when compared to the commercial one, which suggests that it has the potential for use as the architectural and industrial coatings. The thermal stability of cured products is good due to the presence of the imide group and the hydrogenated phenanthrene ring structure. Over the course of the projection period, it is anticipated that the global market for curing agents will continue to expand at a steady rate. The growth of the market is mainly driven by its expanding range in future applications such as adhesives, composites, construction, electrical, electronics, and wind energy. This review focused on the most recent advancements in curing techniques, emphasizing their thermal and mechanical properties. The review also presents a critical discussion of key aspects and bottleneck or research gap of the application of curing agents in the industrial areas. Similar content being viewed by others

Preparation and Thermoelectric Properties of RF Co-sputtered CoSb3 Skutteruddite Thin Films

Aziz Ahmed,한승우 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.10

Various skutterudites have been under investigation because of their potential application inthermoelectric materials and devices. These studies indicate that bulk materials with a skutteruditetypestructure show reasonable thermoelectric behaviors at elevated temperatures, which make themsuitable for high-temperature thermoelectric applications. The results of thermoelectric-propertymeasurements on skutterudite-phase CoSb3 thin films are presented in this study in order to extendthe bulk material concept to micro-device applications by using thin film deposition technology. Thin films are deposited on oxidized silicon substrates by using the RF co-sputtering method. Thefilm’s composition is found to depend strongly on the deposition conditions. The temperature atwhich the deposited films transition from an amorphous state to a crystalline state has been reportedto be about 153 C. Therefore, some experiments are performed with the substrate temperaturekept at 200 C to obtain polycrystalline films. The crystal structure of the film is evaluated byusing x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is used todetermine the film’s composition whereas the surface morphology and the thickness are investigatedand measured by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the thermoelectric properties,namely, the electrical resistivity and the Seebeck coefficient, are used to calculate the power factorof the deposited thin films and, their variations with temperature are measured. We report amaximum power factor of 0.41 mW/mK2 for the film deposited at a 200 C substrate temperature.

A QoS-aware Web Services Selection for Reliable Web Service Composition

( Aziz Nasridinov ),( Byun Jeongyong ) 한국정보처리학회 2012 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.19 No.1

Web Services have been utilized in a wide variety of applications and have turned into a key technology in developing business operations on the Web. Originally, Web Services can be exploited in an isolated form, however when no single Web Service can satisfy the functionality required by a user, there should be a possibility to compose existing services together in order to fulfill the user requirement. However, since the same service may be offered by different providers with different non-functional Quality of Service (QoS), the task of service selection for Web Service composition is becoming complicated. Also, as Web Services are inherently unreliable, how to deliver reliable Web Services composition over unreliable Web Services should be considered while composing Web Services. In this paper, we propose an approach on a QoS-aware Web Service selection for reliable Web Service composition. In our approach, we select and classify Web Services using Decision Tree based on QoS attributes provided by the client. Service classifier will improve selection of relevant Web Services early in the composition process and also provide flexibility to replace a failed Web Services with a redundant alternative Web Services, resulting in high availability and reliability of Web Service composition. We will provide an implementation of our proposed approach along with efficiency measurements through performance evaluation.

Explaining Voter Turnout in Taiwan Legislative Elections

Aziz N. Berdiev,CHUN-PING CHANG 한국국제경제학회 2013 International Economic Journal Vol.27 No.4

This paper specifies a dynamic model of voter turnout in Taiwan legislative elections using the generalized method of moments (GMM) model. We utilize data recorded over the 1998–2008 period, covering 23 counties of Taiwan. We find that previous levels of voter turnout are significantly associated with current levels of voter turnout. In particular, we provide strong evidence for a dynamic decline in voter turnout in Taiwan legislator elections. We also find that the perceived closeness of the election by the potential voters prior to the election, greater number of parties and densely populated areas, are significantly associated with higher voter turnout, whereas larger costs of voting, greater educational inequality and higher levels of education contribute to lower electoral participation. Further, population stability and disposable income have a limited impact on voter turnout.

Leadership styles embedded in the Turkish National Police

Aziz Ozmen,Hasan Arslan 아시아경찰학회 2006 아시아경찰학회 국제학술회의 Vol.2006 No.-

In recent years, organizations have gone through dramatic changes, including flatter and looser structures, downsizing, and horizontal approaches to information flow. On the one hand, these changes are due to rapid technological developments, global competition, and the changing nature of the workforce. On the other hand, these organizational transformations and innovations are triggered by interventions, such as total quality management and principle-based management. This new leadership formation has taken many forms in non-profit organizations, particularly in law enforcement agencies. Leadership is regarded as a critical factor in the initiation and implementation of the transformation in organizations. If leadership is to succeed in engendering a positive impact on individuals, teams, and organizations, traditional leadership paradigms, such as directive versus participative leadership, consideration versus initiating structure, autocratic versus democratic leadership, and task versus relations-oriented leadership, should be broadened (see for example, Avolio & Bass, 1998; Bass & Avolio, 1990; Conger, 1993; Ekvall & Arvonen, 1991, 1994; Puffer & McCarthy, 1996). With respect to the management of transformation processes in organizations, there is a strong need for leaders who are more change-centered. These leaders place value on the development of a clear vision and inspire followers to pursue the vision. In this way, they provide a strong motivational force for change in followers. These authors suggest that besides a participative leadership style, having a clear vision of the mission is most likely to foster innovation. Leaders who enhance followers’ confidence and skills to devise innovative responses, by being creative and taking risks can facilitate the changeover processes in organizations (Howell & Avolio, 1989). As a result of such processes, a new paradigm applied in the last two decade advocating “new leadership” theories, such as transformational and transactional leadership. As promoters of change, transformational leaders elicit performance beyond expectations by instilling pride, communicating personal respect, facilitating creative thinking, and providing inspiration (Bass, 1985; Bass & Avolio, 1993). The goal of this paper is to determine the underlying leadership structures in the Turkish National Police and, if so, by introducing transformational leadership and sticking to its foundation and tenets, to name these structures consistent with the changing roles of police managers and leaders. In this perspective, the paper argues what underlying structure exists among the thirty one variables by applying the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire formed by Bass (Bass, 1985). A variety of research studies in the transformational literature review demonstrate that findings based on this questionnaire can identify the potential of leadership style in the Turkish National Police. Moreover, this study can be evaluated as a replication of another study, “Policing in Time of Transformation: An Examination of the Future of the Turkish Police,” conducted by this researcher in Spring and Summer, 2005. Almost the same results as those obtained in the former study demonstrate consistency and prove the reliability of data.