새앙쥐 강제수영시 부동자세 시간에 대한 Central postsynaptic α₂-Adrenoceptor의 역할에 대한 연구

임병용(Byung-Yong Rhim),김상곤(Sang-Kon Kim),이원식(Won-Suk Lee),홍기환(Ki-Whan Hong) 대한약리학회 1985 대한약리학잡지 Vol.21 No.2

새앙쥐 강제수영 실험에서 부동자세 시간의 단축은 향주도성 행동의 항진이라는 본능적 충동의 유발이라는 가정 아래 중추 noradrenaline neuron에 있어서 α₁- 및 α₂-adrenoceptor의 역할과 관련지어 이 실험을 행하였고 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 새앙쥐를 이용한 강제수영 실험에서 부동자세 시간은 clonidine 및 guanabenz 등과 같은 α₂-agonists에 의하여 용량에 의존하여 단축되었다. B-HT 933 및 oxymetazoline은 용량에 의존하지 않으나 단축시켰다. xylazine에의하여는 오히려 증가되었다. 2.α₁-Agonists 인 cirazoline, amidephrine 및 methoxamine은 부동자세 시간에 일관성 있는 영향을 미치지 아니하였다. 3. Clonidine과guanabenz에 의한 부동자세 시간의 단축은 α₂-antagonists, yohimbine, idazoxan 및 phentolamine 전처치로 봉쇄되었으나 α₁-antagonists, prazosin 및 corynanthine에 의하여는 영향을 받지 아니하였다. 4, d-Amphetamine 투여시 부동자세 시간은 용량에 비례하여 단축되었고, 이러한 단축효과는 yohimbine에 의하여는 길항되었으나 prazosin에 의하여는 영향을 받지 아니하였다. 5. α-methyl-p-tyrosine 이나 reserpine 또는 두 약물을 동시에 전처치 하였을때 clonidine에 의한 부동자세 시간의 단축은 영향을 받지 아니하였다. 6. Desipramine 및 imipramine 같은 항우울제를 장기처치 또는 장기간 저기충격 요법을 가한 새앙쥐에서도 clonidine의 효과는 영향을 받지 아니하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 새앙쥐의 강제수영 실험에서의 부동자세 시간의 변동은 중추내 noradrenergic neuron의 postsynaptic α₂-adrenoceptor와 밀접한 관련이 있다고 시사되며 이러한 α₂-agonists에 의하여 항진되는 escape-directed behavior는 자기보호를 위한 일종의 충동의 유발로 인한 행동으로 사료된다. 1) In the study of the forced-swimming test in mice (FSM), the duration of immobility posture was dose-dependently shortened by α₂-agonists, clonidine and guanabenz. BH-T 933 and oxymetazoline also decreased it . Xylazine rather increased the immobility duration at low dose. 2) α₁-Agonists, cirazoline, amidephrine and methoxamine, however, showed inconsistent effect on the immobility duration (ID). 3) The decrease in ID by clonidine and guanabenz was antagonized by pretreatment with yohimbine, idazoxan and phentolamine (α₂antagonist), but not by prazosin and corynanthine (α₁-antagonist) .4) The ID in the FSM was shortened dose-dependently by d-amphetamine, and it was also antagonized by yohimbine, but not by prazosin. 5) In the mice pretreated with either α-methyl-p-tyrosine or reserpine, or with combination of both, the decrease in ID was still evoked by clonidine. 6) When the mice were chronically treated with antidepressants (desipramine and imipramine), or with electroconvulsive shock, clonidine still decreased the ID as it did in the control. 7) These results provided the evidences to hypothesize that the change of the ID in the FSM is closely related with the postsynaptie α₂-adrenoceptor located on the central noradrenergic neuron body. Furthermore, it is assumed that this escape-directed behavior enhanced by α₂-adrenoceptor agonist may be the result in some analogy with the incentive of drives which are directed toward the self-preservation.

彈性 理論에 依한 鐵筋 Corcrete 斷面의 最適 設計에 關한 硏究

林秉龍 군산대학교 1980 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.14 No.3

This study is concerned with the reinforced concrete sections for the optimum design of reinforced concrete structures using the working stress design based on the ACI code. In this study the design constraints used are stress constraints, a deflection constraints and a side constraints (lower limit of steel ratio). Cost objective function for the minimum cost design is obtained by considering the costs of steel, concrete forming and the cost of increasing the building height. Optimization is achieved by using Modified Newton Raphson Method, after the constrainted optimal problems is transformed into SUMT problem. It has been observed that R.C., sections designed by the proposed optimization method using SUMT converge very rapidly to the optimum solution within 2 iterations in most cases, with this observation, it can be concluded that the proposed method may regarded as a very powerful and reliable optimization method which can be directly used as the practical design tool. A computer program is developed for the implementation of the above formulations and algorithm. The computer program developed in this study consists of a main program and 2 sub-programs.

The Role of Central Postsynaptic ${\alpha}_2$-Adrenoceptor on the Immobility Duration in the Forced-swimming Test Mice

임병용,김상곤,이원식,홍기환,Rhim, Byung-Yong,Kim, Sang-Kon,Lee, Won-Suk,Hong, Ki-Whan The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1985 대한약리학잡지 Vol.21 No.2

새앙쥐 강제수영 실험에서 부동자세 시간의 단축은 향주도성 행동의 항진이라는 본능적 충동의 유발이라는 가정 아래 중추 noradrenaline neuron에 있어서 ${\alpha}_1$- 및 ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptor의 역할과 관련지어 이 실험을 행하였고 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 새앙쥐를 이용한 강제수영 실험에서 부동자세 시간은 clonidine 및 guanabenz 등과 같은 ${\alpha}_2$-agonists에 의하여 용량에 의존하여 단축되었다. B-HT 933 및 oxymetazoline은 용량에 의존하지 않으나 단축시켰다. xylazine에의하여는 오히려 증가되었다. 2.${\alpha}_1$-Agonists 인 cirazoline, amidephrine 및 methoxamine은 부동자세 시간에 일관성 있는 영향을 미치지 아니하였다. 3. Clonidine과guanabenz에 의한 부동자세 시간의 단축은 ${\alpha}_2$-antagonists, yohimbine, idazoxan 및 phentolamine 전처치로 봉쇄되었으나 ${\alpha}_1$-antagonists, prazosin 및 corynanthine에 의하여는 영향을 받지 아니하였다. 4, d-Amphetamine 투여시 부동자세 시간은 용량에 비례하여 단축되었고, 이러한 단축효과는 yohimbine에 의하여는 길항되었으나 prazosin에 의하여는 영향을 받지 아니하였다. 5. ${\alpha}$-methyl-p-tyrosine 이나 reserpine 또는 두 약물을 동시에 전처치 하였을때 clonidine에 의한 부동자세 시간의 단축은 영향을 받지 아니하였다. 6. Desipramine 및 imipramine 같은 항우울제를 장기처치 또는 장기간 저기충격 요법을 가한 새앙쥐에서도 clonidine의 효과는 영향을 받지 아니하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 새앙쥐의 강제수영 실험에서의 부동자세 시간의 변동은 중추내 noradrenergic neuron의 postsynaptic ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptor와 밀접한 관련이 있다고 시사되며 이러한 ${\alpha}_2$-agonists에 의하여 항진되는 escape-directed behavior는 자기보호를 위한 일종의 충동의 유발로 인한 행동으로 사료된다. 1) In the study of the forced-swimming test in mice (FSM), the duration of immobility posture was dose-dependently shortened by ${\alpha}_2$-agonists, clonidine and guanabenz. BH-T 933 and oxymetazoline also decreased it . Xylazine rather increased the immobility duration at low dose. 2) ${\alpha}_1$-Agonists, cirazoline, amidephrine and methoxamine, however, showed inconsistent effect on the immobility duration (ID). 3) The decrease in ID by clonidine and guanabenz was antagonized by pretreatment with yohimbine, idazoxan and phentolamine (${\alpha}_2$antagonist), but not by prazosin and corynanthine (${\alpha}_1$-antagonist) .4) The ID in the FSM was shortened dose-dependently by d-amphetamine, and it was also antagonized by yohimbine, but not by prazosin. 5) In the mice pretreated with either ${\alpha}$-methyl-p-tyrosine or reserpine, or with combination of both, the decrease in ID was still evoked by clonidine. 6) When the mice were chronically treated with antidepressants (desipramine and imipramine), or with electroconvulsive shock, clonidine still decreased the ID as it did in the control. 7) These results provided the evidences to hypothesize that the change of the ID in the FSM is closely related with the postsynaptie ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptor located on the central noradrenergic neuron body. Furthermore, it is assumed that this escape-directed behavior enhanced by ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptor agonist may be the result in some analogy with the incentive of drives which are directed toward the self-preservation.

MOCVD dust로부터 Ga 금속 회수를 위한 전해채취 연구

임병용(Byoungyong Im),이지은(Jieun Lee),이찬기(Chan Gi Lee),엄성현(Sunghyun Uhm),박경수(Kyung-Soo Park),심종길(Jong-Gil Shim),박정진(Jeung-Jin Park) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2016 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Recovery of Ga from highly crystalline GaN of MOCVD dust by hydro-metallurgical has been investigated. Because of high crystallinity, the GaN is highly stable in the MOCVD dust, which is extremely difficult to leach out the Ga by ordinary acidic or alkaline media. For easier leaching, GaN was converted to leachable NaGaCO₂ by a solid-solid reaction between GaN-Na₂CO₃ through heat treatment at 800 °C. The heat treated materials was leached using 4 M HCl with a pulp density of 100 g/L at 70 °C. Above 99% of leaching efficiency was achieved using 4 M HCl. Followed by electrowinning was applied for recovery of Ga from leach solutions. Electrowinning reveals that, Faradic efficiency was increased with increasing pH. Ga with 97% purity can be obtained at all pH ranges (pH 0.5-2). In the electrowinning of Ga from HCl media under investigated condition, the purity of recovered Ga is independent of leach solution pH.

고양이의 담낭근 수축에 있어서 세포내 기전

임병용(Byung Yong Rhim),김치대(Chi Dae Kim),김동헌(Dong Heon Kim),Piero Biancani,Jose Behar 대한약리학회 1996 대한약리학잡지 Vol.32 No.1

고양이 담낭근에서 효소학적으로 분리한 평활근 세포는 cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), acetylcholine (ACh) 및 KCl에 의하여 용량에 의존하여 수축하였다. 이들 효현제 (CCK-5, ACh 및 KCl)에 의한 평활근 세포의 최대수축은 각각10^-9M, 10^-5M 및 20mM 농도에서 야기되었다. CCK-8에 의하여 야기되는 이들 평활근 세포의 수축은 HEPES 완충액에 Ca²⁺을 제거시킴에 의하여 영향을 받지 아니하였으나, Ca²⁺ 대신에 strontium을 첨가시켰을때 수축반응이 완전하게 억제되었다 (p<0.001). 이와는 반대로 KCl에 의한 수축반응은 strontium 치환에 의하여 영향을 받지 아니하고 HEPES 완충액에 Ca²⁺을 제거시킴에 의하여 억제되었다 (p<0.01). ACh에 의하여 야기되는 수축반응은 세포 외액의 Ca²⁺을 제거시킴에 의하여 중등도의 억제반응이 야기되었으나 (p<0.05) strontium에 의하여 영향을 받지 아니하였다. Saponin으로 세포 투과성 변동을 야기시킨 근세포에서 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP₃)와 CCK-8은 수축반응을 일으켰고, 이러한 수축반응은 calmodulin 길항제인 CGS 9343B에 의하여 차단되었으며 (p<0.001), heparin은 CCK-8 및 IP₃의 작용을 완전하게 봉쇄하였다 (p<0.001). 그러나 이러한 수축반응에 있어서 protein kinase C 길항제인 H7은 아무런 작용을 나타내지 못하였다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 CCK-8에 의하여 야기된 고양이 담낭근 세포의 수축반응은 IP₃에 의하여 세포내 저장소로부터 유리된 Ca²⁺과 calmodulin에 의존적인 과정에 의하여 매개되어 지는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 ACh는 세포외액의 Ca²⁺ 뿐만 아니라 세포내 저장소의 Ca²⁺ 모두를 이용하며, KCl은 전적으로 세포외액의 Ca²⁺에 의존적인 형태로 calmodulin과는 무관하게 고양이 담낭근 세포의 수축반응을 야기시키는 것으로 사료된다. Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), acetylcholine (ACh) and KCl caused a dose dependent contraction in muscle cells enzymatically digested from cat gallbladder. Maximal contraction was obtained at concentration of 10^-9M for CCK-8, 10^-5M for ACh and 20mM for KCl. CCK-8 induced contraction was unaffected in calcium free physiological salt solution (PSS) and was completely blocked by strontium substitution for calcium (p<0.001). In contrast, KCl evoked contraction was blocked in calcium free PSS (p<0.01) but was unaffected by strontium replacement of calcium. The contraction elicited by ACh was only slightly reduced in calcium free PSS (p<0.05) and was unaltered by strontium. Muscle cells permeabilized with saponin contracted in response to inositol 1,4.5-trisphosphate (IP₃) and CCK-8. The contraction was blocked by the calmodulin antagonist CGS 9343B (p<0.001), whereas heparin completely blocked the effect of IP₃ (p<0.001). The protein kinase C (PKC) antagonist H7 had no effect on either agonist. We conclude that CCK-8 induced gallbladder muscle contraction is mediated by IP₃ dependent intracellular calcium release from intracellular stores and a calmodulin dependent pathway; ACh may utilize both extracellular and intracellular calcium. KCl causes muscle contracrion through influx of extracellular calcium and a calmodulin independent machanism.

다구치법을 이용한 알루미늄 합금의 방열 부품 적용에 관한 연구

임병용(B. Y. IM),이찬기(C. G. Lee),김대근(D. G. Kim),김한구(H. G. Kim),김성우(S. W. Kim),박광훈(K. H. Park) 한국생산제조학회 2017 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.12

현수교의 정적해석 및 설계변수의 영향

임병용,한재익 群山大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

For numerical analysis of model, the transfer matrix method is used, which is simpler than the displacement method and the forced method by analyzing models. The models of numerical analysis are classified by the ratio of span (=??) and the ratio of sag (=??), that is, cases of ?? are 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, and cases of ?? are 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.12, 0.13. According to increasing of ?? and ?? the results of numerical analysis are following articles. (1) As to ??, maximum values of deflection are increased on side span, and they are decreased in ??≤0.40, and then increased in ??≥0.40 on the main span. And as to ?? they are increased on side span, and they are decreased in lower ?? and decreased in higher ?? on main span. (2) As to ??, maximum values of positive bending moment are increased in all range of ?? but those of negative bending moment are decreased in ??≤0.35, and then increased in ??≥0.35, And as to ?? both of them are increased. (3) As to ?? and ?? maximum values of cable force and displacement on top of tower are increased with a mild slope in ??≤0.25, and then increased with a steep slope in ??≥0.25.

MOCVD 더스트 합성용액으로부터 D2EHPA를 이용한 In의 선택적 용매추출

임병용,이찬기,박재량,박경수,심종길,박정진,Im, Byoungyong,Swain, Basudev,Lee, Chan Gi,Park, Jae Layng,Park, Kyung-Soo,Shim, Jong-Gil,Park, Jeung-Jin 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2015 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.24 No.5

In, Ga, Fe, Al이 함유되어 있는 혼합용액으로부터 In을 분리하기 위해 D2EHPA를 이용한 용매추출 연구를 수행하였으며, In의 추출에 대한 수상의 HCl 및 추출제 농도 효과를 확인하였다. In과 Ga의 추출률은 HCl 농도의 감소에 따라 증가하였지만, Fe와 Al의 추출률에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. In과 Ga의 분리인자($D_{In}/D_{Ga}$)는 1.0 M D2EHPA, 0.5 M HCl조건에서 115로 나타났다. 즉, D2EHPA는 혼합용액으로부터 In을 분리하는 추출제로 적합하며, 추출률 및 분리인자는 HCl 및 추출제의 농도 조절을 이용하여 조절할 수 있다. The separation of In from the synthesis solution with Ga, Fe, and Al has been studied by the solvent extraction using D2EHPA as an extractant. The effects as a function of the concentration of extractant and HCl on the extraction of In were investigated. The extraction of In and Ga increased with decreasing HCl concentration, but that of Fe and Al was independent. Separation factor between In and Ga of 115 was obtained at 1.0 M D2EHPA in the presence of 0.5 M HCl of feed solution. Consequently, this study shows that D2EHPA is suitable extractant for In extraction from the synthesis solution. Extraction efficiency and separation factor could be increased by controlling HCl and extractant concentration.

彈性 理論에 依한 剛材 構造物의 最適設計에 關한 硏究

林秉龍 군산대학교 1979 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.13 No.3

This study is concerned with the optimum design of truss structures using S. L. P, method. The objective function derived in this study is the weight function of truss structures and the constraints of stress and deflection are used as the constrained conditions. The shapes of truss structures is fixed. In the design example, The numerical approach is employed to find the optimum values by computer and its result discussed is represented in the following terms. (1) All constrained conditions is derived by the force method. (2) The error due to linearize the nonlinear model did not exist. (3) The results computated by computer show that the stress constraint controls the design process.

제 3 회 신약개발 연구발표회 초록집 ( 1994 . 4 . 15 ~ 16 ) : 포스터발표 제 2 분과 ( 생명공학 , 약효검색 , 약리대사 ) ; K+ 통로 개방제의 혈관근 이완작용에 대한 연구 - sarcoplasmic Reticulum 에서의 Ca+ 유리에 대한 효과

임병용,홍선화,홍기환 한국응용약물학회 1994 학술대회 Vol.1994 No.1