규소 고분자 복합체를 이용한 반응소결 질화규소

홍성진,안효창,김득중,Hong, Sung-Jin,Ahn, Hyo-Chang,Kim, Deug-Joong 한국세라믹학회 2010 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.47 No.6

Reaction-bonded $Si_3N_4$ has cost-reduction merit because inexpensive silicon powder was used as a start material. But its density was not so high enough to be used for structural materials. So the sintered reaction-bonded $Si_3N_4$techniques were developed to solve the low density problem. In this study the sintered reaction-bonded $Si_3N_4$ manufacturing method by using polymer precursor which recently attained significant interest owing to the good shaping and processing ability was proposed. The formations, properties of reaction-bonded $Si_3N_4$ from silicon and polysilazane mixture were investigated. High density reaction-bonded $Si_3N_4$ was manufactured from silicon and silicon-containing preceramic polymers and post-sintering technique. The mixtures of silicon powder and polysilazane were prepared and reaction sintered in $N_2$ atmosphere at $1350^{\circ}C$ and post-sintered at 1600~$1950^{\circ}C$. Density and phase were analyzed and correlated to the resulting material properties.

만성신부전 백서에서 항고혈압제의 종류에 따른 신부전의 진행과 사구체의 형태학적 변화

홍성진,김교순,김병길,박경화,김기혁,Hong Sung-Jin,Kim Kyo-Sun,Kim Pyung-Kil,Park Kyung-Hwa,Kim Kee-Hyuck 대한소아신장학회 2002 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.6 No.2

목적 : 만성신부전은 신장에 병적 손상이 있어 지속적으로 신기능이 저하되어 말기신부전에 이르게 된다. 만성신부전의 진행을 지연시킬 수 있는 인자 중 혈압조절이 중요한 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 부분 신절제를 이용하여 만성신부전을 유발시킨 후 항고혈압제로 enalapril과 nicardipine을 투여하여 만성신부전의 진행에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 백서에서 5/6 신절제술로 만성신부전을 유발시킨 후 무작위로 대조군, enalapril 투여군(E군), nicardipine 투여군(N군)으로 나누어 4주 간격으로 꼬리 동맥압을 측정하고 12주째 24시간 소변 단백량과 creatinine배설량, 혈청 creatinine을 측정한 후 희생시켜 신조직을 광학현미경과 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 사구체의 형태학적 소견을 조사하였다. 결과 : 1. 신절제 후 대조군은 지속적으로 혈압이 증가하였으나 E군과 N군에서는 정상 혈압이 유지되었다. 2. 12주째 E군에서 요단백량은 대조군과 N군에 비하여 유의하게 적었다. 3. 12주째 조사한 신장의 형태계측학적 검사에서 E군과 N군 모두에서 mesangium의 증식이 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 적었으나 사구체 용적은 E군에서만 대조군에 비하여 적었다. 4. 대조군, E군, N군간의 상피세표 족돌기의 형태학적 변화의 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 부분 신절제로 유발한 만성신부전 백서에서 enalapril, nicardipine 모두 고혈압을 예방하였으나 enalpril 투여군에서 단백뇨의 감소와 신병변 발생 예방 효과가 우수하였으며, 상피세포 족돌기의 변화에는 차이가 없었다. Purpose: Hypertension accelerates the progression of chronic renal disease, whether it results from, or causes, the renal disease. Therefore, the control of hypertension is one of the important factors that retard the rate of renal deterioration. We compared the effects of different antihypertensive agents on renal function and glomerular morphology In subtotal nephrectomized rats. Materials and methods: After induction of chronic renal failure with 5/6 nephrectomy, the rats were divided into three groups; control group (Group C), enalapril group (Group E), and nicardipine group (Group N). Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail cuff method every 4 weeks until 12 weeks after nephrectomy. At 12 weeks after nephrectomy, all rats were placed in metabolic cages for 24 hour urine collections to measure urinary protein and creatinine excretion. After urine collection and blood sampling for serum creatinine, all rats were sacrificed. The renal tissue was processed for morphometric study with light microscope and electron microscope. Results: 1. The blood pressure of Group C increased progressively, but both enalapril and nicardipine prevented the development of hypertension, and the two drugs were equally effective in maintaining normal blood pressure throughout the study. 2. Twenty-four hour urinary protein excretion was lower in Group E compared to Group C and Group N 3. Mesangial expansion score in both treated groups were significantly lower than the control group. Mean glomerular volume in Group E was significantly reduced compared to Group C and Group N. There was no significant difference in mean glomerular volume between Group C and Group N. 4. There was no significant difference in podocyte structural changes, estimated by filtration slit length density, among control, enalapril and nicardipine treated groups. Conclusion: Control of hypertension with enalapril or nicardipine afforded considerable protection from mesangial expansion in the rat remnant kidney model. But protein excretion and glomerular growth were significantly reduced in Group E compared to Group N. There was no significant difference in podocyte structural changes among the 3 groups.

黃기內托散의 소염 작용에 관한 실험적 연구

홍성진,심성용,김경준,Hong, Sung-Jin,Sim, Seug-Yong,Kim, Kyung-Jun 대한한의진단학회 2004 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Objective: Chronic otitis media is an inflammation and infection of the middle ear which is persistent. Chronic otitis media occurs when the eustachian tube becomes blocked repeatedly, multiple infections, ear trauma, or swelling of the adenoids. A chronic ear may be the result of an acute ear infection that does not clear completely, or the result of recurrent ear infections. A chronic ear infection may be more destructive than an acute ear infection because its effects are prolonged, and it may cause permanent damage to the ear. Methods : Experimental animals made use of 4-5 weeks age(weight 20-25g) ICR(male)mouse. In the breeding farm, the lighting time was controlled from 7:00 am until 7:00 pm, the temperature was controlled within $22{\pm}0.5{\circ}$ and water and food were not limited. The extracts which were extracted from Hwangginaetak-san devided low dose group( 1.0g/kg-HN) and high dose group(3.0g/kg-HN), they were intragastrically administered to the mouse of sample A and sample B prior to LPS I.P injection. Compared with inflammation induced group which were induced by LPS, we measured the WBC count, IL-6 level in plasma and TNF-${\alpha}$ level in plasma. Results: 1. Hwangginaetak-san decreased WBC count in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS 2. Hwangginaetak-san decreased IL-6 level in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS. 3. Hwangginaetak-san didn't decreased TNF-${\alpha}$ level in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS Conclusion: According to above results, Hwangginaetak-san was improved its suppression effect to the inflammatory reaction through WBC count and IL-6 level. So Hwangginaetak-san is considered to be used for treatment of chronic otitis media by controlling the WBC count and IL-6 level in plasma.

Cu/Ti/SiO₂/Si 구조에서 Ti 층 두께가 Ti 반응에 미치는 효과

홍성진,이재갑,Hong, Sung-Jin,Lee, Jae-Gab 한국재료학회 2002 한국재료학회지 Vol.12 No.11

The reactions of $Cu/Ti/SiO_2$ structures at temperatures ranging from 200 to $700^{\circ}C$ have been studied for various Ti thicknesses. The reaction products initially formed, at around $300^{\circ}C$, were a series of Cu-Ti intermetallics ($Cu_3$Ti/CuTi) with the oxygen dissolved in the Ti moving from the compounds into the remaining unreacted Ti. At $500^{\circ}C$, the $Cu_3$Ti was converted into Cu-rich intermetallics, $Cu_4$Ti, which grew at the expense of the CuTi due to the increased oxygen content in the Ti. In addition, the outdiffusion of Ti, to the Cu surface, and the $Ti-SiO_2$ reactions, caused an abrupt increase in the oxygen content in the Ti layer, which placed thermodynamic restraints on further Ti reactions. Furthermore, thinner Ti layers showed a higher increasing rate of oxygen accumulation for the same consumption of Ti, which led to significantly reduced Ti consumption. The $SiO_2$ film under the Ti diffusion barrier was more easily destroyed with increasing Ti thickness.

α-MSH 유도성 멜라닌 합성에 있어서 황금 추출물의 역할과 작용기전 연구

홍성진,김경준,Hong, Sung-Jin,Kim, Kyung-Jun 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2009 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Objective : Melanin is one of the most important facor in skin color. Melanin protects human skin from ultraviolet radiation otherwise it causes melanin pigmentation. So this experiment is carried out for test whether Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi(SBG) inhibits melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in mouse B16 melanoma cells. Method : The melanin synthesis inhibition effects of SBG were examined by in vitro melanin production assay. We assessed inhibitory effects of SBG on melanin contents from B16F1 melanoma cell, on tyrosinase activity(cell and cell free system), effect of SBG on the expression tyrosinase, Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor(MITF), Extracellular signal-regulated Kinase(ERK). Result : SBG inhibited melanin synthesis induced $\alpha$-MSH($\alpha$-Melanin Stimulating Hormone) in B16F1. SBG inhibited tyrosinase activity and expression. And SBG down-regulates MITF and stimulated ERK activation in B16F1. Conclusion : According to above results, SBG was improved its suppression effect to the inhibition of melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activation, and tyrosinase promotor activation. So SBG is considered to be used for an strong source of skin whitening effect.

상안정화된 Leucite의 미세분말 합성과 열적 팽창 특성 연구

홍성진,김득중,유영성,Hong, Sung-Jin,Kim, Deug-Joong,Yoo, Young-Sung 한국세라믹학회 2009 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.46 No.5

Phase stabilized leucite, which has high coefficient of thermal expansion, was synthesized, and its thermal expansion behavior was investigated. The homogeneous leucite phase was synthesized by solid state reaction from the mixture of $K_2CO_3-Al_2O_3-SiO_2$. and its stabilization from tetragonal to cubic phase was attempted by adding $Cs_2CO_3$ into starting materials. And fine powder with an average particle size of a few hundreds ${\mu}m$ were fabricated by planetary milling. During milling, amorphization of leucite was observed and recrystallized after heat treatment. The thermal expansion behavior of tetragonal and cubic leucite has measured and discussed. The average coefficient of thermal expansion of tetragonal and cubic phase leucite from room temperature to $750^{\circ}C$ was $21.4{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ and $14.5{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$, respectively.

은줄팔랑나비 개체군의 서식지 내 분포특성

홍성진,윤춘식,정선우,Hong, Sung-Jin,Yoon, Chun-Sik,Cheong, Seon-Woo 한국환경과학회 2019 한국환경과학회지 Vol.28 No.12

In this study, we investigated the spatial range, distribution pattern, temporal appearance, sex ratio, seasonal pattern, and size of the population of Leptalina unicolor locally inhabiting the wetland protection area in the Jaeyaksan Mountain. We found that the butterfly was distributed across four areas at 750 m above sea level and in an area of 96,000 ㎡. in the southeastern slope of the mountain. The discontinuous distribution of the butterflies in the meadow. According to our survey conducted from 2012 to 2014, L. unicolor occurred in May (spring) and July (summer) each year, with the male population more than three times higher than that of the female population. The population size estimated using the mark and recapture method on the back of the hind wing in the two years was as follows: 877±502 and 1243±800 individuals in the spring and summer of 2012, respectively, and 783±429 and 506±365 individuals in the spring and summer of 2014, respectively, suggesting no specific seasonal pattern. The findings of this study are expected to be useful for the conservation of the populations and habitats of L. unicolor, which are currently distributed locally due to a decrease in population size.

은줄팔랑나비(나비목: 팔랑나비과) 성충의 행동특성과 서식지 보전방안

홍성진,김형곤,윤춘식,정선우,Hong, Sung-Jin,Kim, Hyoung-Gon,Yoon, Chun-Sik,Cheong, Seon-Woo 한국환경과학회 2020 한국환경과학회지 Vol.29 No.8

To conserve the population of a hesperiid butterfly, Leptalina unicolor, inhabiting the protected areas of Jaeyaksan, we provide ecological information on their behavior and propose habitat conservation measures, such as the creation of alternative habitats based on comprehensive information. The behavioral study used a method of re-capture after releasing the butterfly with enamel marks on the wings. Adult behaviors were shown in four patterns: flying, settling on a plant, nectar absorption, and water absorption. Both males and females had the highest proportion of flight movement overall; however, males had a slightly higher proportion of flight movement. As for duration, females spent more time settling on plants to select spawning sites, and males seemed to take a longer time for water absorption activities, to absorb minerals needed to form the spermatophore. The average travel distance of butterflies was 27.5 m for females and 46.7 m for males, with daily activity ranges from 11.2 m to 43.8 m, and 21.4 to 57.6 m, respectively. The most important condition to preserve the habitat of Leptalina unicolor is to maintain the community of Miscanthus sinensis, a food plant. Additionally, because this butterfly has a high rate of water absorption activities, wetlands should be maintained.

단주동맹 참여자의 특성

홍성진,이상연,백주희,Hong, Sung-Jin,Lee, Sang-Yeon,Paik, Ju-Hee 한국정신신체의학회 1997 정신신체의학 Vol.5 No.1

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the demographic characteristics, alcohol-related characteristics and personality trends in the participants of Alcoholics Anonymous. We compared the 33 participants of Alcoholics Anonymous maintaining abstinence at least over 6 months with 35 hospitalized alcoholic patients who have never attended Alcoholics Anonymous and 32 normal controls. The personality trend was measured by Catell's 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire. -Korean Version. The results were as follows: 1) In the demographic data, the participants of Alcoholics Anonymous were mainly 40's, graduated from high school, married, unemployed, middle class in economic state, first or second sons. 2) In alcohol related characteristics, age of first drinking was mainly distributed from 15 to 19 years-old. The most common psychosocial and environmental problem as precipitating factor of alcohol consumption was the problem with primary supper group and the second one was occupational. Most of them drank everyday, and admitted one time. 3) In the first stratum sources traits, the participants of Alcoholics Anonymous demonstrated significantly higher score than hospitalized alcoholic Patients, but lower than normal control in C-factor(stableness). They demonstrated significantly higher score than hospitalized alcoholic patients and normal controls in O-factor(Guilt-proness) and demonstrated significantly higher score than hospitalized alcoholic patients in Q3-factor(self-control). 4) In the second stratum sources traits, they demonstrated significantly higher score than hospitalized alcoholic patients in EXT-factor(extroversions), and lower score than hospitalized alcoholic patients and normal controls in IND-factor(independence).

행정조달계약의 법적 성격 재조명에 따른 입법적 통제 방안

홍성진(Hong, Sung-Jin) 한국비교공법학회 2018 공법학연구 Vol.19 No.1

행정조달계약은 국가, 지방자치단체 등 행정주체가 공공의 필요에 따른 수요를 충족시키기 위하여 사인(私人)과 체결하는 공사·물품·용역 등의 계약으로서 계약체결의 주체, 내용, 방식의 특수성으로 인하여 공법상 계약으로 보아야 한다. 또한, 행정조달계약을 규율하고 있는 예규는 그 형식이 비록 행정규칙이나, “국가계약법” 및 “지방계약법”의 직접적인 위임에 따라 위임행정기관이 그 법령을 시행하는데 필요한 구체적인 사항을 정한 것으로서, 이는 상위법령과 결합하여 대외적 구속력이 인정되는 법령보충규칙으로 보아야 할 것이다. 이 경우 법률유보의 원칙 등 공법상 원리에 의하여 규율된다. 행정조달계약의 대상 가운데 공사 계약이 차지하는 비중은 약 30%로서 공사계약의 효율성·건전성 제고를 위한 통제가 매우 중요하다. 이를 위하여 2009년 정부는 주계약자 관리방식을 본격적으로 도입하였다. 동 제도는 건설하도급 및 기존 공동도급제도의 문제점을 해결하고, 중소건설기업 보호 및 대·중소기업 간 상생발전, 지역경제 활성화·고용 창출 등의 정책 수단으로 활용되는 등 공공복리의 향상에 기여하고 있다. 그런데 전체 공공공사 가운데 주계약자 관리방식으로 발주되는 공사는 약 1.1%에 불과하고, 입법적으로 포괄위임금지의 원칙, 적법절차의 원칙, 체계정당성 원리 위배 등 많은 문제점이 나타나고 있는바, 입법 통제가 필요하다. The government procurement are contracts such as goods, construction works, or services that are contracted with between the administrative agencies, local governments and individual to meet the demand according to the needs of the public. The established rule which governs the government procurement is a specific provision in accordance with direct delegation of the “Act on contracts to which the state is a party” and “Act on contracts to which a local government is a party”, although its form is administrative regulations. Therefore, this should be regarded as a administrative rules involving civil rights or duties. In this case, it is governed by the principle of public law, such as the principle of statutory reservation. The portion of the construction contract is about 30% of the total government procurement, and the control of the construction contract is critical to achieving the efficiency and soundness of the contract. In 2009, the government introduced the contracting with a team consisting of general contractor & specialty contractor. It contributes to improvements in common good by solving the problems of subcontract of construction and joint contract, protecting the small-medium enterprises and collaborative cooperation between large enterprises and small-medium enterprises, promoting mutual growth between large and small enterprises, activating regional economy and the creation of employment. However, only about 1.1% of all public works are ordered by the contracting with a team consisting of general contractor & specialty contractor, and there are many problems such as the principle of prohibition of comprehensive mandate of legislative Power, due process, unity and consistence of legal system, so need for parliamentary control.