http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
崔鎭國,金哲永,金智煥 최신의학사 1972 最新醫學 Vol.15 No.8
A wide area of nonspecific ulcerative colitis proximal to obstructive carcinoma of colon was observed from 38-year-old Korean male who had complained of crampy abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. This rare complication of obstructing carcinoma was considered typical of previously reported "pseudo-ulcerative colitis" (Rutledge, 1969) or "obstructive colitis" (Glotzer and Pihl, 1966). The lesion must be identified as a different disease entity from true idiopathic chronic ulcerative colitis associated with carcinoma because proper treatments of them are different.
항공기 비정상 자세 사고의 TEM 분류 및 UPRT 향상에 관한 연구
최진국,전승준 한국콘텐츠학회 2019 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.19 No.11
Loss of Control in Flight(LOC-I) due to aircraft upset attitude has the highest air accident rate, and International Aviation Institute such as ICAO and FAA recommended flight crew to operate aircraft safely through UPRT(Upset Prevention & Recovery Training) program. ICAO has selected Loss of Control(LOC) as key safety indicator, and recommended to respond using TEM(Threat and Error Management). However there are not much specific treats and errors classified for UPRT programs using real TEM based on evidences. This study intends to consider the importance of UPRT through the introduction of UPRT and accident analysis using TEM. Typical upset accidents were classified to common threats as IFR, inadequate training, Automation surprise, and inexperienced copilots. The common errors were cross-check, speed and altitude deviation, callouts, communication, thrust and stall action fail. The undesired aircraft states were inadequate automation mode, Deviation of speed and vertical, stall, and crash. These suggest areas to improve UPRT. 항공운항사고율은 항공기 비정상 자세(Upset)로 인한 조종능력상실(LOCI: Loss of Control in Flight)이 가장 높아 ICAO(International Civil Aviation Organization: 국제민간항공기구)는 TEM(Threat and Error Management)을 활용하여 비정상자세 예방 및 회복훈련(UPRT: Upset Prevention & Recovery Training)을 하도록 권고하였다. 그러나 전 세계적으로 항공기 비정상 자세에 관한 TEM 요인 연구가 많이 도출되지 않은 관계로 항공사들이 실질적인 TEM 훈련에 참고할 자료가 많지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 UPRT의 소개와 항공기 비정상 자세로 인한 대표적 사고 3건을 ICAO에서 권고하는 TEM으로 분류하여 핵심요소인 위협과 에러, 불안전항공기 상태의 공통요인을 도출하여 살펴보는 것이다. 본 논문에서 대표적인 비정상자세 사고를 TEM을 활용하여 분류한 결과 공통위협으로는 야간비행/IFR, 자동화 놀람, 부적절한 훈련과 미숙련 부기장 편조로 나타났다. 공통 에러로는 부적절한 엔진 추력, 절차적용오류, 조종, 속도이탈 및 고도이탈, 의사소통실패, 항공기 이상자세, 복창실패, 크로스 체크 실패 등으로 나타났으며, 불안전항공기 상태로는 부적절한 자동화 모드, 저속이탈, 수직 이탈, 부정확한 엔진 추력 등으로 실속하여 추락한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 공통요인으로부터 개선방향을 도출하여 본 연구는 시작단계에 있는 TEM활용 Upset 향상 방안을 제시하고자 한다.
복행실패로 발생한 CFIT사고의 공통요인 및 외항사 복행게이트 운영 실태에 대한 연구 (한국 대표적 CFIT사고의 TEM 분석을 중심으로)
최진국,Choi, Jin-Kook 한국항공운항학회 2014 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.22 No.3
There have been CFIT(Controlled Flight Into Terrain) accidents that can be prevented if the crew executed go-around. This study is to analyse the common factors of three typical CFIT accidents of Korea in TEM(threat and error management) frame, and the examples of go-around gate and the countermeasures of eight airlines through the survey facilitating go-around to prevent CFIT. The common factors found in three typical CFIT accidents occurred in Korea or by Korean carriers turned out to be in mountainous terrain, in bad weather while in non-precision approach or circling approach by captain as PF(Pilot Flying) when crew make monitoring errors and communication errors. It also turned out that the crew in all three typical tragic CFIT accidents did not execute go-around in unstabilized approaches. The captains did not respond immediately when first officers advised them to go-around until it is too late. Seven out of eight Airlines answered that they use stabilized approach height as 1,000 feet to be stabilized earlier to have more safety margin by enhancing go-around gate regardless of the weather to prevent CFIT in the survey.
코로나19 대유행 시기 전후 일개 지역 응급의료센터를 방문한 환자의 임상적 특성 분석
최진국,정해원,안재윤,류현욱,문성배,조재완,서강석,박정배 대한응급의학회 2022 대한응급의학회지 Vol.33 No.1
Objective: This study aimed at analyzing the clinical characteristics of patients visiting the emergency department (ED) and pre-triage clinic during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era in Daegu, South Korea. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study by using the medical records of patients who visited the ED and pre-triage clinic from February 22 to March 31, 2020 and comparing them with the corresponding period in 2019. Results: The number of patients visiting the ED per day decreased from 122 (115-138) to 77 (66-93). The percentage of patients with respiratory infection increased from 6.6% to 15.4% (P<0.001). The length of the ED stay increased from 269 (150-562) to 559 (293-941) minutes, especially in patients with fever (P<0.001). The rate of injured and less urgent patients decreased from 24.7 to 13.2 and 53.4% to 50.2%, respectively (P<0.001). Sixty-one-point nine percent of patients visiting the ED were triaged and discharged at the pre-triage clinic without entering the ED. Conclusion: In the COVID-19 pandemic era, there was an increase in the proportion of patients with fever and respiratory symptoms and a decrease in the proportion of injured patients. At the pre-triage clinic, a significant number of patients with suspected COVID-19 or less urgent conditions were treated and discharged without their having to enter the ED.