응용논문 : 품질개념의 확대가 기업성과에 미치는 영향

최은경,김형욱,박재흥 ( Eun Kyong Choi,Hyung Wook Kim,Chae Heung Park ) 한국품질경영학회 1997 품질경영학회지 Vol.25 No.2

【사회과학(社會科學)】 : 중국 신형농촌사회양로보험 가입 요인에 관한 연구

최은경 ( Eun Kyong Choi ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2014 中國硏究 Vol.62 No.-

This study investigates the factors that influence participation in the new rural pensions in China since 2009. Through an analysis on the characteristics of the new rural pensions and a critical evaluation of existing survey studies, this study suggests factors that affect participation in the new rural pension. First, we need to distinguish the groups who participate in the new rural pension voluntarily and who do not. Due to a family-binding regulation and pressure from the local governments, some people joined the new rural pension involuntarily. The factors that affect participation between the two groups are likely to be different. Existing survey studies on this topic has a limitation in that they mingled these two groups. Second, we need to investigate the impact of government subsidy on participation in the new rural pension. Third, we need to focus on the question of how past policies on rural pensions affect the level of trust to the local government, and how this in turn affect participation in the new rural pensions.

중국 근로계약법 시행에 관한 연구: 단기근로계약과 무기근로계약을 중심으로

최은경 ( Choi Eun Kyong ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2019 中國硏究 Vol.81 No.-

The Chinese state implemented the Labor Contract Law (LCL) in 2008 with the goals of rectifying the problems that a considerable number of workers did not have labor contracts and a majority of workers had fixed-term labor contracts with short duration. Comparing survey data of Chinese workers conducted by the All-China Federation of Trade Union in 2007 and 2012, this study demonstrates that the LCL was implemented unevenly. While the number of workers with labor contracts increased significantly and the proportion of fixed-term labor contracts with short duration declined sharply, the proportion of workers with open-ended labor contracts increased only slightly. The latter was mainly due to non-compliance of private enterprises. This study argues that three factors led to low compliance in open-ended labor contract: a low priority of the government, resistance from employers, and some vagueness in the law clauses.

책과 함께 자라는 어린이 학년에 따른 책 유형과 독서 방법

최은경(Choi Eun-kyong) 우리말교육현장학회 2008 우리말교육현장연구 Vol.2 No.2

본 논문은 초등학교 학년에 따른 책 유형과 책 읽기 방법에 대한 고찰이다. 책 속에서 새로운 세계를 발견하고 놀라며 즐거워 할 수 있는 책읽기에 목적을 두고 저학년과 중학년, 그리고 고학년으로 나누어 독서 교육을 실천한 사례를 다루었다. 저학년(1, 2학년)은 교육과정이 주제통합 학습이어서 월 별 주제에 따라 그림책을 읽고 활동한 내용을 소개하였다. 둘째, 중학년(3, 4학년)은 동화 읽는 한 해를 만들기 위해 학급 문고와 학부모 동화 모임을 만들어 지속적인 책 읽기를 했다. 매달 주제에 맞게 목록을 만들어 꾸준히 동화 내용을 나누며 교사, 학생, 학부모가 소통하게 했다. 셋째, 고학년(5, 6학년)은 독서지도와 단편 동화이다. 자기 정체성 발달시기에 있는 고학년 어린이들의 삶을 포착하여 선명하게 드러내는 단편동화를 주제 중심으로 나누어 읽었다. 교사와 함께 한 독서 토론과 간단한 비평 활동은 어린이들이 또래들과 자연스럽게 자신의 문제를 드러내어 서로 다른 생각을 나누고 조율하게 했다. 또 작가를 정해 작품을 읽고 작가와 메일을 주고받는 활동을 해 책 읽기에서 더 확장된 세계를 체험할 수 있게 했다. 마지막 독서 활동 방법으로 교단일기 쓰기를 통해 교사의 언어가 ‘교육학적 언어’로 되살아나게 했다. 또한 홈페이지를 통한 인터넷 글쓰기와 학부모 통신으로 정보를 공유해 교사, 학생, 학부모의 의사소통을 이끌어 내었다. 교사는 독자가 읽고 나서 아무 말도 하지 않을 권리가 있다는 것과 아동 개개인의 성향을 살펴 그에 맞는 책을 권할 수 있는 안목을 가질 수 있도록 먼저 어린이 책을 읽고 즐거움을 나눌 수 있어야 한다는 것을 꼭 기억해야겠다. This thesis is a study of book types and reading methods according to the grades in elementary school. Setting the purpose as reading in which the new world can be discovered, surprised and have fun inside the book, it has dealt with the cases of practicing reading education by dividing into lower grades, intermediate grades and higher grades. Because the curriculum of lower grades (grades 1 and 2) is the theme-integrated study, the details of activity after reading picture books according to the theme of each month has been introduced. Second, the intermediate grades (grades 3 and 4) have been reading books continuously by making classroom library and parent fairy tale club in order to make a fairy tale reading year. We had the teachers, students and parents communicate as they constantly shared the fairy tale details by making an appropriate list for the monthly theme. Third, the higher grades (grades 5 and 6) were taught reading guidance and short fairy tales. The short fairy tales that capture to clearly reveal the lives of children in higher grades who are in the development period of self identity were read by dividing them based on the theme. For the last method of reading activity, the language of teacher has been made to come to life again as the 'pedagogical language' by writing an education journal. Also, the communication between teachers, students and parents has been accomplished by sharing information by writing on the internet through homepage and calling the parents. A teacher has to remember that a reader has right to be silent after reading and read the children's book first to be able to share the pleasure to have the insight for recommending the appropriate book after considering the tendencies of each child.

Remote Afterloading High Dose Rate Brachytherapy AMC EXPERIANCES

박수경,장혜숙,최은경,이병용,김재성,Park, Su-Gyeong,Chang, Hye-Sook,Choi, Eun-Kyong,Yi, Byong-Yong,Kim, Jae-Sung The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 1992 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.10 No.2

원격조정 고선량 근접치료는 새로운 각광받는 테크놀로지이다. 이에, 저자들은 3년간의 서울중앙병원의 590횟수, 116 환자를 대상으로 고선량 근접치료의 그 시술과 임상적 결과를 평가해 보고자 한다 자궁경부암 58 환자와 비인두강암 26 환자의 관내 방사선치료 471 횟수, 식도암 12 환자, 내 기관지암 11 환자, 클라스킨 종양 1 환자의 관내 방사선치료 79 횟수와 유방암 4 환자, 육종 1 환자, 요도암 1 환자의 조직내 방사선치료 40 횟수가 1989년 9월에서 1992년 8월 사이에 시행되어졌다. 추적 관찰 기간은 1 개월에서 35개월이었고, 그 중간 기간은 7개월이었다. 조직내 방사선치료를 제외한 모든 시술은 국소 마취로 시행하였고, 모든 환자에서 급성 합병증은 생기지 않았다. 또한, 6 환자를 제외하고는 모두 계획 선량대로 치료를 마칠 수가 있었다. 자궁경부암 58 환자에서, 비인두강암 26 환자 중 20 환자에서 완전 관해가 일어났으며, 증상 완화 목적으로 치료한 15 환자에서 $80{\%}$의 환자에서 소기의 목적을 이룰 수 있었다. 이 논문에서 원격조정 고선량 근접치료의 자세한 시술과 그에 따른 결과를 설명할 것이다. 이 치료의 생물학적인 효과와 적당한 선량/선량 횟수/분할치료를 평가하기 위해, 우리는 더욱 긴 추적 관찰을 시행하여야 하며, 이 새로운 근접치료 시술이 저선량 근접치로 시술보다 효과적이고 외래 환자로 통근 치료가 가능하며, 안전한 치료 방법이라고 생각하고 있다. Remote afterloading high dose rate brachytherapy (HDRB) is a new technology and needs new biological principle for time and dose schedule. Here, authors attempt to evaluate the technique and clinical outcome in 116 patients, 590 procedures peformed at Asan Medical Center for 3 years. From Sep. 1989 to Aug 1992, 471 procedures of intracavitary radiation in 58 patients of cervical cancer and 26 of nasopharyngeal cancer,79 intraluminal radiation in 12 of esophageal cancer, 11 of endobronchial cancer and 1 Klatskin tumor and 40 interstitial brachytherapy in 4 of breast cancer, 1 sarcoma and 1 urethral cancer were performed. Median follow-up was 7 months with range $1\~31$ months. All procedures except interstitial were performed under the local anesthesia and they were all well tolerated and completed the planned therapy except 6 patients. 53/58 patients with cervical cancer and 22/26 patients with nasopharynx cancer achieved CR. Among 15 patients with palliative therapy, $80{\%}$ achieved palliation. We will describe the details of the technique and results in the text. To evaluate biologic effects of HDRB and optimal time/dose/fractionation schedule, we need longer follow-up. But authors feel that HDRB with proper fractionation schedule may yield superior results compared to the low dose rate brachytherapy considering the advantages of HDRB in safety factor for operator, better control of radiation dose and volume and patients comfort over the low dose brachytherapy.

결핵균을 탐석한 말초혈액단핵구 배양상층액에 의해 유도되는 폐상피세포주에서의 NF-${\kappa}B$ 의존성 IL-8 분비기전

박재석,지영구,최은경,김건열,이계영,Park, Jae-Seuk,Jee, Young-Koo,Choi, Eun-Kyong,Kim, Keun-Youl,Lee, Kye-Young 대한결핵및호흡기학회 2001 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.51 No.4

연구배경 : IL-8은 강력한 화학주성인자로서 결핵감염 부위로 염증세포들을 동원함으로서 결핵균에 대한 숙주의 방어기전에 있어서 중요한 역할을 한다. IL-8의 유전자의 발현에 있어서 NF-${\kappa}B$가 중요한 역할을 한다. 저자들은 결핵 감염시 폐상피세포가 NF-${\kappa}B$ 의존성으로 IL-8을 분비하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 말초혈액단핵구에 결핵균을 감염시키고 24시간 배양 후 배양상층액(CoMTB)을 얻었다. 결핵균, CoMTB로 자극한 A549 세포주의 IL-8 분비 정도를 ELISA 방법으로 측정하였다. CoMTB로 자극한 A549 세포주의 IL-8 mRNA 의 발현 정도를 RT-PCR로, $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$의 분해를 western blot 분석으로, NF-${\kappa}B$의 핵이동과 DNA 결합은 electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA)를 이용하여, 그리고 NF-${\kappa}B$ 의존성 IL-8 유전자의 전사활성은 luciferase reporter gene assay를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결 과 : A549 세포주를 CoMTB로 24시간 자극하여 얻은 배양액의 IL-8 농도는 $46.8{\pm}4.8\;ng/ml$로 분비하여 결핵균으로 직접 자극하였을 때의 $6.8{\pm}2.9\;ng/ml$보다 높았다. CoMTB로 A549 세포주를 자극하였을 때 IL-8 mRNA의 발현이 증가하였고, $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$의 분해가 일어났으며, NF-${\kappa}B$의 핵이동과 DNA 결합이 일어났으며, NF-${\kappa}B$ 의존성 IL-8 유전자의 전사활성이 증가하였다. 결 론 : 결핵병변에서 폐상피세포는 결핵균을 탐식한 단핵식 세포와의 상호작용에 의해 NF-${\kappa}B$ 의존성으로 IL-8을 분비한다. Background : IL-8 is a potent chemotactic cytokine that plays an important role in the host defense mechanism against M. tuberculosis by recruiting inflammatory cells to the site of the infection. Lung epithelial cells, as well as alveolar macrophages are known to produce IL-8 in response to M. tuberculosis. IL-8 gene expression is mainly regulated on the level of transcription by NF-${\kappa}B$. This study investigated whether or not A549 cells produce IL-8 in NF-${\kappa}B$ dependent mechanism in response to macrophages phagocytosing M. tuberculosis. Methods : Peripheral blood monocytes that were obtained from healthy donors were cultured for 24 h with M. tuberculosis and a conditioned medium(CoMTB) was obtained. As a negative control, the conditioned medium without M. tuberculosis (CoMCont) was used. A549 cells were stimulated with M. tuberculosis, CoMCont and CoMTB and the IL-8 concentration in the culture media was measured by ELISA. The CoMTB induced IL-8 mRNA expression in the A549 cells was evaluated using RT-PCR, and CoMTB induced $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation was measured using western blot analysis. CoMTB induced nuclear translocation and DNA binding of NF-${\kappa}B$ was also examined using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA), and the CoMTB induced NF-${\kappa}B$ dependent IL-8 transcriptional activity was measured using a luciferase reporter gene assay. Results : CoMTB induced IL-8 production by A549 cells($46.8{\pm}4.8\;ng/ml$) was higher than with direct stimulation with M. tuberculosis ($6.8{\pm}2.9\;ng/ml$). CoMTB induced IL-8 mRNA expression increased after 2 h of stimulation and was sustained for 24 h. $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ was degraded after 10 min of CoMTB stimulation and reappeared by 60 min. CoMTB stimulated the nuclear translocation and DNA binding of NF-${\kappa}B$. The CoMTB induced NF-${\kappa}B$ dependent IL-8 transcriptional activity($13.6{\pm}4.3$ times control) was higher than either CoMCont($2.0{\pm}0.6$ times control) or M. tuberculosis ($1.4{\pm}0.6$ times control). Conclusion : A conditioned medium of peripheral blood monocytes phagocytosing M. tuberculosis stimulates NF-${\kappa}B$ dependent IL-8 production by the lung epithelial cells.

Exploring Internal Marketing Mix and Its Applications in the Foodservice Industry

Hyun-Woo Joung(정현우),Eun-Kyong (Cindy) Choi(최은경),Dong-Soo Lee(이동수),Hak-Seon Kim(김학선) 한국조리학회 2015 한국조리학회지 Vol.21 No.5

외식업 종사자의 훈련동기요인, 교육만족도, 직무만족도 간의 관계에 관한 연구

정현우(Hyun Woo Joung),최은경(Eun Kyong Choi),김학선(Hak Seon Kim) 한국조리학회 2012 한국조리학회지 Vol.18 No.5

Investment in training by a company can lead to the retention and motivation of its valued staff and promote high self-fulfillment by providing career development. The objectives of this research were (a) to test the perceived satisfaction with a training based on respondents` socio-demographic characteristics, (b) to investigate training motivation factors affecting employees` training satisfaction, (c) to assess how training motivation factors affect the employees` satisfaction, and (d) to indicate the relationship between training satisfaction and the employees` job satisfaction. Additionally, by developing an employees` training motivation model and conducting multiple regression analysis, two types of motivation factors, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, were shown to be positively related to employees` training satisfaction. Subsequently, this employees` training satisfaction was a significant determinant factor for improving job satisfaction.

물벼룩의 체장 관측 도중 산화 스트레스와 대안적 성장 파라미터 개발

정주안 ( Ju An Jeong ),김은혜 ( Eun Hye Kim ),최은경 ( Eun Kyong Choi ),문서연 ( Seo Yeon Moon ),배현정 ( Hyun Jeong Bae ),정태용 ( Tae-yong Jeong ) 한국물환경학회 2021 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.-

치료조사면 및 블록 유형분석을 통한 적정다엽 콜리메이터 규모에 관한 연구

안승도(Seoung Do Ahn),양광모(Kwang Mo Yang),이병용(Byong Yong Yi),최은경(Eun Kyong Choi),장혜숙(Hye Sook Chang) 대한방사선종양학회 1994 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.12 No.2

The patterns of the conventional radiation treatment fields and their shielding blocks are analysed to determine the optimal dimension of the MultiLeaf Collimator (MLC) which si considered as an essential tool for conformal therapy. Total 1169 radiation fields from 303 patients (203 from Asan Medical center, 50 from Baek Hosp and 50 from Hanyang Univ. Hosp.) were analysed for this study. Weighted case selection treatment site (from The Korean Society of Tehrapeutic Radiolog 1993). Ninety one percent of total fields have shielding blocks. Y axis is defined as leaf movement direction and it is assumed that MLC is installed on the cranial-caudal direction. The length of X axis were distributed from 4cm to 40xm (less than 21cm for 95% of cases) and Y axis from 5cm to 38cm (less than 22cm for 95% of cases). The shielding blocks extended to less than 6cm from center of the field for 95% of the cases. Start length for ninety five percent of block is less than 10cm for X axis and 11cm for Y axis. Seventy six percent of shielding blocks could be placed by either X or Y axis direction. 7.(% only by Y axis, 5.1% only X axis and It is reasonable to install MLC for Y direction. Ninety five percent of patients can be treated with coplanar rotation therapy without changing the collimator angle. Eleven percent of cases of cases were impossible to replace with MLC. Futher study of shielding technique is needed for 11% impossible cases. The treatment field dimension of MLC should be larger than 21cmX22cm. The MLC should be designed as a pair of 21 leaves with 1cm wide for an acceptable resolution and 17cm long to enable the leaf to overtravel at least 6m from the treatment field center.