양극 경두개직류자극에 의한 운동관련피질전위의 변화

임영은,김수현,양대중,김태열,Lim, Young-Eun,Kim, Su-Hyon,Yang, Dae-Jung,Kim, Tae-Youl 대한물리치료학회 2009 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Purpose: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a useful method for modulating the brain activity. This study compared the effect of continuous and interrupted tDCS using the change in the movement related cortical potential. Methods: Thirty healthy participants (male: 18 and female: 12) were assigned randomly to three groups; sham tDCS, continuous tDCS, which the current continuously flowed for 10 minutes, and interrupted tDCS, which the interrupted current flowed for 10 minutes (repetition: 4sec stimulation and 5sec rest) at an intensity of 1mA with anodal polarity. The effect of tDCS on the right primary motor area was measured from the movement related cortical potential (MRCP) before and after the experiment. MRCP consisted of the bereitshaftspotential (BP) and negative slope potential (NS) at Cz and C4. Results: Continuous and interrupted tDCS showed a significant difference in the changes in the BP, NS at Cz and C4 compared to the sham tDCS. However, there was no significant difference between the continuous tDCS and interrupted tDCS. Conclusion: The change in cortical activity by continuous and interrupted tDCS results from an improvement in the MRCP. An interrupted tDCS may be a safe and useful modality for stimulating the cortical region.

1P-365 Bioconversion of 2,3-butanediol to Mevalonate using Recombinant Pseudomonas putida

임영은,김태환,오병근 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.0

중학교 여학생들의 관계적 괴롭힘 유형에 관한 질적연구

임영은,오인수 고려대학교 교육문제연구소 2019 敎育問題硏究 Vol.32 No.2

This study explored diverse types of relational bullying among female middle school students based on a qualitative analysis. 14 female students in metropolitan areas were selected as participants for indepth interview and it was analyzed by open coding method, thereby yielding 7 themes and 18 subthemes. First, ‘A way to shrink ones mind by verbal attacks and threats’ means that the bully directly expresses discontent to the victim through strategies such as ‘swearing’ or ‘threatening’. Second, ‘A way to provoke anger by slander’ is a way to create an insulting situation in which the victim knows that the topic of the conversation is the victim herself through ‘talking behind the victim’s back’ or ‘talking in the foreground’. Third, ‘A way to lower credibility with negative image imprinting’ refers to the act of reducing victims’ personal and social reputation by using strategies such as ‘stigmatizing,’ ‘making a rumor,’ or ‘driving a wedge’. Fourth, ‘A way of damaging one's selfesteem by ignoring’ means neglecting the victim’s selfesteem with strategies such as ‘ignoring’ and ‘looking down’. Fifth, ‘A way to increase isolation by blocking belonging’ can be summarized as a impairing the victim’s social needs by strategies such as ‘distancing’, ‘excluding’, and ‘taking friend away’. Sixth, ‘A way to make you feel shame by insults’ means that negative emotions are caused by strategies such as ‘showing off one’s dislike’, ‘bring to shame’, ‘taking a toll on her’, and ‘express in an ironic way’. Lastly, ‘A way to make a person feel resentment by passing the buck’ seems to be an act of manipulating the psychology or the situation of others with a strategy like ‘blaming’ and ‘framing’. Implications and limitations of the study are also discussed based on the results. 본 연구의 목적은 중학교 여학생들 사이의 관계적 괴롭힘 경험에 관한 질적분석을 통해 관계적 괴롭힘의 다양한 유형을 탐색하고 이를 바탕으로 교육적 시사점을 제시하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 수도권 지역 여자중학생 14명을 대상으로 심층면담을 실시하였고, 질적 자료 분석 방법의 하나인 개방적 코딩방법을 사용하여 총 7개 주제와 18개의 부주제를 도출하였다. 첫 번째, ‘욕설과 협박으로 위축시키는 방식’은 가해자가 ‘욕하기’나 ‘협박하기’와 같은 전략으로 직접적으로 피해자의 심리를 위축시키는 방식을 의미한다. 두 번째, ‘비방하여 분노를 일으키는 방식’은 크게 ‘뒷담하기’와 ‘앞담하기’를 통해 피해자가 자신의 이야기를 하고 있음을 알 수 있도록 상황을 만들어 상대를 공격하는 방식이다. 세 번째, ‘부정적 이미지 각인으로 신뢰도를 떨어뜨리는 방식’은 사이를 멀어지게 하기 위해 중간에서 ‘낙인찍기’, ‘소문내기’, ‘이간질하기’와 같은 전략을 이용해 피해자의 개인적, 사회적 평판을 떨어뜨리는 행위를 말한다. 네 번째, ‘무시하여 자존감을 손상시키는 방식’은 ‘무시하기’와 ‘하대하기’ 같은 전략으로 피해자의 자존감을 손상시키는 것을 의미한다. 다섯 번째, ‘친밀감을 차단하여 고립감을 느끼게 하는 방식’은 상호관계를 기반으로 하는 친구사이에서 ‘거리두기’, ‘제외하기’, ‘친구뺏기’와 같은 전략으로 피해자의 사회적 욕구를 손상시키는 것으로 정리할 수 있다. 여섯 번째, ‘모욕적 행위로 수치심을 느끼게 하는 방식’은 ‘티내기’, ‘창피주기’, ‘피해주기’, ‘반어적 표현하기’와 같은 전략으로 피해자에게 부정적인 감정을 유발하는 것을 의미한다. 일곱 번째, ‘책임전가로 억울함을 느끼게 하는 방식’은 ‘탓하기’와 ‘누명씌우기’ 같은 전략으로 타인의 심리나 상황을 교묘하게 조작하는 행위로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 시사점과 한계점에 대해 논의하였다.

심미적 감성 역량기반 교육과정 실행에 대한 교사들의 경험과 인식 탐구

임영은,박소영 한국교원대학교 교육연구원 2022 敎員敎育 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 심미적 감성 역량은 대부분 음악⋅미술⋅체육 교과에서만 한정하여 적용되는 경우가 많으며,이는 2015 개정 교육과정의 기대에는 미치지 못하는 것이다. 본 연구는 심미적 감성 역량을 예체능 교과가아닌 다른 교과에 적용한 교사들을 중심으로 심미적 감성 역량의 현장 적용 경험을 분석함으로써 향후심미적 감성 역량의 현장 적용 가능성을 높이고자 하였다. 연구방법 이를 위해 본 연구는 심미적 감성 역량을 예체능 교과가 아닌 교과에 적용한 총 6명의 교사를대상으로 면담을 시행, 분석하여 공통 요소를 추출하였다. 연구결과 교사들은 심미적 역량에 대해 가치를 부여하고 선배 또는 동료 교사들의 수업을 보고 시작하게되었고, 교수학습 방법으로는 학생 스스로 발견하게 하는 수업을 주로 사용하였다. 이 수업을 통해 학생들은즐거워하고 삶의 의미를 찾게 되었으나 교사들은 평가와 전문성에 대한 두려움과 한계를 느끼고 있었다. 결론 일반교과에서 심미적 감성 역량을 적용하는 교사들은 심미적 감성 역량을 넓은 의미로 해석하고활용하였으나 여전히 실행에서의 비중은 주변적인 것으로 나타났다. 이들의 실행을 지원하기 위해서는전문성 개발과 함께 학부모 및 교장 등의 지원이 필요하였다.

Heat-stress 온도 적용이 교감신경활동에 미치는 영향

임영은,양은영,김태열,Lim, Young-Eun,Yang, Eun-Young,Kim, Tae-Youl 대한임상전기생리학회 2007 대한임상전기생리학회지 Vol.5 No.2

The purpose of this study were to investigate influence of heat stress temperature on sympathetic nerve activities. Subjects were 8 normal adults (4 men, 4 women, 21.36 years old). First sympathetic nerve activities were measured at the point that increase of core temperature stops at the state of applying normal thermic temperature (NIT; $34^{\circ}C$). After measurement, temperature of bathtub was increased to heat stress temperature (HST; $46^{\circ}C$) and sympathetic nerve activities were remeasured at the point that temperature increase stops. Sympathetic skin response (SSR) were analyzed using EMG, IR thermometer, and auto stethoscope. SSR latency showed significant differences at both palms by electrical stimulation to median nerve (p<.05). Electrical stimulation to forehead showed significant difference at left palm (p<.05) and electrical stimulation to navel showed significant difference at right palm (p<.05). Median nerve in changes of SSR amplitude showed significant differences at both palms in HST (p<.01). Electrical stimulation to navel showed significant difference at left palm (p<.05). Ts of forehead and xiphoid process showed significant differences (p<0.01). Tc of oral (p<0.05) and inner ear (p<0.01) showed significant differences. Pulse rate showed significant difference (<0.05). This study showed that immersion in HST had significant decrease of excitability in sympathetic nervous system compared to immersion in NTT.

전침자극이 초기 고혈당 백서의 감각신경전도속도 및 체성감각유발전위에 미치는 영향

임영은,이정우,김태열 대한임상전기생리학회 2007 대한임상전기생리학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Design for additive manufacturing of customized cast with porous shell structures

임영은,김나현,최혜진,박근 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.11

Additive manufacturing (AM) recently has been changing from conventional Rapid prototyping (RP) to direct fabrication of functional parts. As a direct fabrication method, a promising application of AM is to make personalized or customized parts; biomedical applications customized to human’s bodies can provide improved functionalities for an example. In this study, a customized plastic cast is developed to replace traditional plaster casts. For customization, its basic shape is defined out of three-dimensional (3d) scan data of a human arm. This cast is designed to have a number of holes for lighter weight and better ventilation, and to be printed using a Material extrusion (ME) type 3d printer that uses thermoplastic polymer filaments. Finite element (FE) analyses are then performed to evaluate the structural safety and stiffness of the printed cast with porosity. Considering that the structural safety and stiffness are degenerated due to the porous structure, design reinforcements are suggested to improve the bending stiffness of the porous cast. FE analyses are then performed with variations of design parameters of the reinforcement structures, from which we obtain the best design candidate that provides higher specific stiffness than the conventional solid structure. A porous-customized cast with lighter weight and better ventilation can thereby be developed successfully.

Automatic Design of 3D Conformal Lightweight Structures Based on a Tetrahedral Mesh

임영은,박정환,박근 한국정밀공학회 2018 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.5 No.4

Recent developments of additive manufacturing (AM) have extended its application to the direct fabrication of functional parts. Owing to design flexibility and complexity, design for AM (DFAM) has received increasing attention as a new design method that can overcome traditional manufacturing constraints, and has been applied to multi-components integration, multi-material parts, and lightweight structures. In this study, an automatic design methodology for conformal lightweight structures was developed based on a three-dimensional (3D) tetrahedral mesh. A numerical algorithm was developed to generate lightweight cellular structures via the following steps: (i) definition of a target solid; (ii) discretization of the target volume using a tetrahedral mesh; (iii) construction of a number of struts along the edges of every tetrahedral element; (iv) Boolean operation to unify the generated struts; and (v) preparation of output files for 3D printing and finite element analysis (FEA). This algorithm was then applied to generate conformal cellular structures with various shapes. Effects of lattice design parameters on the relevant density change were discussed. The designed cellular structures were then fabricated by AM, and their mechanical properties were evaluated by compression tests. The fabricated lightweight structures showed high specific stiffness and strength, and could support 10000 times heavier load than their own weight.

제32차 학술대회 : 12. 재발성 소화성 궤양에 대한 외과적 임상 고찰

임영은,박성대,박영관 () 대한외과학회 1980 대한외과학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.- No.-

Correlation between MVIC and Muscle Architecture in the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle during Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction

임영은,김인걸,김태열,윤세원,서삼기,이정우,Lim, Young-Eun,Kim, In-Geol,Kim, Tae-Youl,Yoon, Se-Won,Seo, Sam-Ki,Lee, Jeong-Woo The Korean Society of Physical Therapy 2007 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.19 No.6

Purpose: This study examined the correlation between the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and the muscle architecture in the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle during MVIC. Methods: The muscle area, volume were measured using a ultrasound imaging system to obtain the muscle architecture during the MVIC. For the mechanical muscle strength measurements, the MVIC was obtained using a dynamometer. Results: There was a significant correlation between the MVIC and the muscle area (r=0.498, p<0.01) and muscle volume (r=0.602, p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between the MVIC and density (r=-0.429, p<0.05). The area showed significant correlations with the muscle volume (r=0.699, p<0.001) and density (r=-0.429, p<0.05). In addition, there was a correlation between the volume and muscle density (r=0.555, p<0.01). Conclusion: There is close relationship between the MVIC and the muscle architecture in the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle during the MVIC.