한국인의 흡연과 사망 위험에 관한 코호트 연구

이은하,박수경,고광필,조인성,장성훈,신해림,강대희,유근영,Lee, Eun-Ha,Park, Sue-K.,Ko, Kwang-Pil,Cho, In-Seong,Chang, Soung-Hoon,Shin, Hai-Rim,Kang, Dae-Hee,Yoo, Keun-Young 대한예방의학회 2010 예방의학회지 Vol.43 No.2

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and total mortality, cancer mortality and other disease mortalities in Korean adults. Methods: A total of 14 161 subjects of the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort who were over 40 years of age and who were cancer-free at baseline enrollment reported their lifestyle factors, including the smoking status. The median follow-up time was 6.6 years. During the follow-up period from 1993 to 2005, we identified 1159 cases of mortality, including 260 cancer mortality cases with a total of 91 987 person-years, by the national death certificate. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of cigarette smoking for total mortality, cancer mortality and disease-specific mortality, as adjusted for age, gender, the geographic area and year of enrollment, the alcohol consumption status, the education level and the body mass index (BMI). Results: Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk of total mortality, all-cancer mortality and lung cancer mortality (p-trend, < 0.01, <0.01, <0.01, respectively). Compared to non-smoking, current smokers were at a higher risk for mortality [HR (95% CI)=1.3 (1.1 - 1.5) for total mortality; HR (95% CI)=1.6 (1.1 -2.2) for all-cancer mortality; HR (95% CI)=3.9 (1.9-7.7) for lung cancer mortality]. Conclusions: This study's results suggest that cigarette smoking might be associated with total mortality, all-cancer mortality and especially lung cancer mortality among Korean adults.

간호대학생의 생명의료윤리 의식과 간호전문직관과의 관계

이은하,Lee, Eun-Ha 한국임상보건과학회 2016 한국임상보건과학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Purpose. This study purposed to examine consciousness of biomedical ethics and nursing professional values in nursing students. In addition, by identifying the relationship between consciousness of biomedical ethics and their nursing professional values. Methods. We collected data from 184 nursing students using a structured questionnaire, which were constructed to include Consciousness of biomedical ethics and Nursing professional values. The collected data was analyzed descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients with SPSS 20.0 Results. Average score for consciousness of biomedical ethics in nursing students was $2.92{\pm}.16$ and that of nursing professional values was $3.61{\pm}.34$. Among the sub-areas of consciousness of biomedical ethics, right to life of newborn was highest. In addition, among the sub-area of nursing professional values, The roles of nursing service was highest. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between consciousness of biomedical ethics and their nursing professional values in nursing students. Conclusion. The results of this study indicate that it is necessary to increase the consciousness of biomedical ethics and to encourage nursing professional values.

다세대 지분 쪼개기-제한할 수 있는 법적 근거 마련해야

이은하,Lee, Eun-Ha 한국주택협회 2008 주택과 사람들 Vol.217 No.-

단독주택을 8-10가구의 다세대 주택으로 용도를 바꾸는 '지분 쪼개기' 때문에 최근 서울을 비롯한 수도권 곳곳에서 다세대 주택 신축 붐이 일고 있다. 서울시가 무분별한 지분 쪼개기를 막기 위해 가구당 전용 면적 $60m^2$ 미만 주택은 입주권을 주지 않고 돈으로 청산하는 방식으로 규제하겠다는 방침을 밝혔지만, 현장에서는 다세대나 빌라 신축 공사가 더욱 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 게다가 조례를 개정하는 7월 전까지 건축 허가를 받으면 면적에 상관없이 입주권을 받을 수 있다는 점을 노린 막판 투기가 기승을 부리고 있어 논란이 일고 있다.

현대문학: 「오스트라키스모스」에 나타난 서사적 화자의 의미<희곡>

이은하 ( Eun Ha Lee ) 한국문학언어학회(구 경북어문학회) 2011 어문론총 Vol.55 No.-

This thesis examines the meaning and value of the plays of Dramatist Lee Hyun-hwa(이현화) who represents the experimental play during the 1970s. In the 1970s when ``the theatre of absurd`` began to bloom, playwriter Lee Hyun-hwa started to raise questions on human nature through his theatre of absurd. This thesis regards "Ostrakismos" written by a writer Lee, Hyun-hwa as a play to explain his work nature by the writer himself. Lee Hyun-hwas is a writer of theater of an absurd, since 1970s he was evaluated as a complicated writer, and at that time he was even harshly criticized by his audiences. He hoped for his audiences` deep understanding in his play by saying that one cannot see the woods for the trees. "Ostrakismos" by Lee Hyunhwa has presented examples of views looking at the work of art and his stance as a writer through epic narrator and metathetheoretical elements. With his play, we can understand writers` wishes on how audiences understand his own plays and how the plays can affect our real lives.

예비유아교사의 교육실습 경험에 대한 이미지 내용 분석

이은하(Lee Eun Ha),고은경(Goh Eun Kyoung) 한국열린유아교육학회 2008 열린유아교육연구 Vol.13 No.6

본 연구는 예비유아교사가 유치원의 교육실습 경험을 통하여 실습지도 교사, 유아, 원장, 교육과정, 식사 및 간식, 그리고 실습기관의 실내ㆍ외 환경, 청결, 안전에 대하여 어떤 이미지를 형성하였는지, 그리고 교육실습 전ㆍ후의 이미지 변화 양상의 특징은 어떠한지 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 유치원 교육실습을 경험한 부산과 창원지역의 유아교육과 학생 137명을 대상으로 설문지를 사용하여 분석하였다. 자료를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 예비유아교사의 교사에 대한 이미지 내용은 친절하고 엄격한, 유아는 활발하고 자연스런, 원장은 친절하고 바쁜, 교육과정은 적절하거나 빠듯한, 식사 및 간식은 맛있거나 부실한, 실내외 환경은 깨끗하거나 빈약한, 그리고 청결과 안전에 대해서는 대부분이 깨끗하고 안전하다는 이미지가 가장 많이 나타났다. 그리고 이미지를 평가하는 기준적 특성으로 교사는 교사중심 대 아동중심, 유아는 눈치보는 대 명랑한, 원장은 권위적 대친절한, 교육과정은 빠듯한 대 여유있는, 식사 및 간식은 부실한 대 충분한, 실내외 환경은 빈약한 대 풍부한, 청결은 불결한 대 깨끗한, 안전은 위험한 대 안전한으로 가장 많았다. 둘째, 교육실습 경험 전ㆍ후의 이미지 변화는 ‘자기 반성적 내용’ 및 ‘실습현장에 대한 내용’으로 구분되어 나타났고, 긍정에서 부정적 이미지로의 변화가 가장 많았다. 또한 부정적 이미지로의 변화와 긍정적 이미지로의 변화에 따른 각 하위요소와 실습경험 이미지를 차이 검증한 결과 교사, 유아, 교육과정, 안전지도, 실습경험에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. This study aimed to investigate how early childhood student teacher (ECST) form images through the practicum experience. For this purpose, we asked 137 ECSTs in Busan and Changwon to describe and rate their images not only on practicum experience including the ‘teachers’, the ‘children’, the ‘principals’, the ‘curriculums’, the ‘meals and snacks’, the ‘indoor and outdoor environments’, and the ‘cleanness and safety’ in the kindergarten, but also on the ‘overall practicum experience before and after teaching’. The results are as follows: First, most of the ECST had following image: the ‘teachers’ in the kindergarten were ‘kind and strict’, the ‘children’ were ‘active and naturalistic’, the ‘principals’ were ‘kind and busy’, the ‘curriculums’ were ‘appropriate or tight’, the ‘meals’ were ‘delicious or poor’, the ‘indoor and outdoor environments’ were ‘clean and poor’, and the ‘cleanness and safety’ were ‘clean and safe’. The most frequent frames of image to evaluate positive or negative attitudes are as follows: the ‘teachers’ were ‘teacher-centric vs. child-centric’, the ‘children’ were ‘to grasp a situation vs. joyful’, the ‘principals’ were ‘authoritative vs. kind’, the ‘meals’ were ‘poor vs. sufficient’, the ‘environments’ were ‘poor vs. rich’, the ‘cleanness’ were ‘unsanitary vs. clean’, and the ‘safety’ were ‘dangerous vs. safe’. Second, the transition of image on their practicum experience before and after teaching is classified into ‘self-reflectional content’ and ‘practical field content’. The patterns of image on their practicum experience before and after teaching showed the significant changes from positive images to negative ones. The most frequent patterns of image were ‘the transitions into negative image’ about the kindergarten. The results of t-test between ‘changes to negative image’ and ‘those to positive image’ proved to be different according to the ‘teachers’, the ‘children’, the ‘curriculums’, the ‘cleanness and safety’ in the kindergarten, and the ‘overall practicum experience after teaching’.

영화 ‘범죄도시’에 나타난 병리적 의식탐구 - 3유형 중심으로-

이은하(Lee Eun Ha) 한국에니어그램역동심리학회 2018 에니어그램심리역동연구 Vol.5 No.1

영화는 허구성, 가상성을 가진 현실의 대체물로서 영화속 인물의 캐릭터, 성격을 이해하는 도구로 에니어 그램심리역동적 접근을 사용하여 심리역동을 이해하는 작업을 하였다. 영화 ‘범죄도시’에 출연하는 인물의 역할유형과 성격유형 간 의식적 탐구를 통해 욕구의 좌절과 왜곡이 어떠한 갈등구조와 상황을 만드는지 에 니어그램심리역동의 병리적 의식수준과 대비하여 분석하였다. 또한 영화 ‘범죄도시’에 나타난 병리적 의식 탐구의 영역을 자기파괴, 관계파탄, 파국적 상황 등으로 분류하였다. 자기파괴영역으로 분노조절, 잔혹한 공 격성 등으로 나타났고, 관계파탄영역으로 끊임없는 복수, 파탄적 관계 등으로 고찰하게 되었다. 파국적 상 황으로 기물파손, 공공질서 무시 등의 상황을 전개하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 영화 속에 나타난 성공욕구의 좌절은 물질만능, 맹목적 목표달성, 끝없는 복수 등의 의식 상태를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있다. 영화를 통한 병리적의식의 탐구는 심리적인 핵심욕구의 좌절, 병리적 패턴을 이해함으로써 예방적 접근 및 대안을 탐색 할 때 지표로 활용될 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 향후 연구로 다양한 영화속 등장인물과 에니어그램심리역동적 접근을 연계한 연구 또한 요구되어진다. Knowing that a movie is a substitute for reality with fabrication and virtuality, this research went through the process of understanding the psychological dynamics of a movie’s characters using Enneagram Psychological Dynamic approach. In this study, how the frustration and distortion of desires cause conflict and consequences were analyzed through the exploration of consciousness of the types of the characters in the movie, ‘The Outlaws’ using the pathological conscious levels of Enneagram Psychological Dynamics. The areas of exploration of pathological consciousness in the movie were classified into self-destruction, destruction of relationship and catastrophic situation. Self-destruction area showed lack of anger-control and vicious aggressiveness, the area of destruction of relationship was endless revenge and disruptive relationship, and catastrophic situation showed causing damage to properties and disturbing the public order. The frustration of the type 3 with achievement desire in the movie was represented as materialism, blind attainment of goals and never-ending revenge. It was shown that exploration of pathological consciousness through movies can be used as an effective guide when the frustration of central psychological desires and the pathological patterns in the movie are well understood and the preventive approach and alternatives are examined. As future research, further studies on the various movie characters and the related approach using Enneagram Psychological Dynamics are required.

구조적 점화를 통한 한국어 모어 화자와 한국어 학습자의 비규범적 문장 처리·학습 연구

이은하 ( Eun-ha Lee ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2018 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.79

The present study examined whether the exposure to identically repeated or syntactically similar Korean L1/L2 sentences in a simple reading task can facilitate changes in rating of grammatical acceptability for both fully grammatical and moderately grammatical types. Native speakers of Korean and Chinese learners of Korean read 120 sentences before rating 24 sentences that were identical to the reading phase and 24 with the same syntactic structure as the reading phase. The results revealed that L1 participants who were exposed to the prime sentences rated both fully grammatical and moderately grammatical sentences as more grammatical than the participants who were not. No differences in the structural preference effect were found between identically repeated and syntactically repeated sentences. However, L2 participants who performed the reading task showed no sign of the structural facilitation effect. These findings suggest L1 speakers can learn implicitly syntactic structures that are grammatically less acceptable while L2 learners seems to require native-like knowledge about the target structures to enable familiarization with them to lead to structural facilitation.

이준연 동화에 나타난 생태의식 고찰

이은하(Lee Eun-Ha) 한국아동청소년문학학회 2011 아동청소년문학연구 Vol.- No.8

Jun Yeon Lee So far the results based on the ecological awareness of ecological issues so as to realistically reflect both the cause of ecological destruction, and could see that. Depth perception of the ecological crisis as the foundation of this work has paved the selfish desires of human and industrial civilization, capitalism, materialism, and in principle the cause was found. The defendants’ reckless urban development and population concentration, and for the convenience of the human realities of the destruction wrought ecological showing a sharp critique of the artist to depict the devastation of concentric, extended by separating the human and natural to think that Nature Dichotomy to meet human needs by means of failure was brought to today’s ecological degradation. The author criticizes the ecological awareness of the problem and tteumbuksae cicadas, fish and water using an objective matter of emotional evocation of the subtle complexities of character behavior problems such as inferring the motives of the protagonist’s inner world, revealing the strange situation of people and psychological, and artistic world was shaped. Workers resulting from the industrialization process of his assimilation of the spiritual deprivation reflect the views of the ecological and social causes of ecological degradation, suggesting the items you want in life, including human logic of the market, looked at the social structures and institutions. Capital (the means of production) to obtain a profit to the capitalist who owns the production activities to ensure that the capitalist economic system to meet the needs for the production and consumption, promoting for profit expansion, a fierce rivalry, etc. The human desire to be closely related to social structures and institutional issues were also stressed the need to consider. Eco-Conscious In addition, through the person you want to find the ultimate solution to conscious transition, showed the movement of mental activity. Honor and innocence of life, to exert a maternal figure, and it recognizes the equality of life through the implementation of human self-realization of the process showed. It reigned as the lord of all things, human beings have an accident as an opportunity to transition to a friend and companion to recognize the natural, ecological crisis, and criticizes the present situation to explore beyond the dreams of the future ecological society can see that. Jun Yeon Lee eventually stand for the eco-fairy tale about the value of material civilization and human nature by denying that the simple notion has its roots in a show that could. Ecological awareness of the issue through the reality of destruction and healing and to defend this man thinking through the transition, while reflecting the ecological crisis can be overcome if the present, including the possibility that humans can live in either ecological relationships showed the same values .

이중과제를 사용한 한국어 학습자의 암시적 지식 측정

이은하 ( Lee Eun-ha ) 연세대학교 언어연구교육원 한국어학당 2020 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.58 No.-

This study investigates whether measures of explicit knowledge are affected by demands on attentional resources made by random digit generation as a secondary task during a grammatical judgment task, and whether the subjective threshold criterion may dissociate implicit and explicit grammatical knowledge of learners of Korean as second language (L2). Thirty participants performed a grammatical judgment test and reported how confident they are in their decision for each judgment. A half of them were randomly assigned to the sing-task condition and the other half to the dual-task condition. The results of the experiment are as follows: firstly, the quality of explicit knowledge under the dual-task condition was not impaired; secondly, the accuracy of high confidence reponses did not significantly differ from that of low confidence responses; thirdly, the calibration curve for the single-task condition was fairly closer to the regression line representing perfect calibration than that for the dual-task condition; and finally, the signal detection analysis exhibited the learners’ ability to discriminate between correct and incorrect responses. These findings suggest that random digit generation as a secondary task may not be suitable for facilitating the use of implicit L2 knowledge, whereas the subjective threshold criterion can be useful for separating between implicit and explicit L2 knowledge.

초등 영어 교사의 역할극에 대한 인식

이은하(Eun Ha Lee) 조선대학교 교과교육연구소 2015 敎科敎育硏究 Vol.36 No.1

초등학교 영어교육의 목표는 어린 학생들이 영어에 대한 흥미와 관심을 가지고, 영어권 세계의 일상생활에서 사용하는 영어를 이해하고 표현하는 능력을 기르며 더 나아가 국제적으로 소통되는 영어로서의 의사소통능력을 향상 시키는 데 있다. 초등학교 영어교육에 있어서 역할극은 가상적 인 삶의 공간을 통해 실제 일어나는 삶의 환경에서 의사소통이 이루어지는 과정을 직접 체험하고 사용함으로서 영어를 익히고 배울 수 있는 적합한 교수 학습 방법으로 활용되고 있다. 또한 역할극을 사용할 때, 일반적인 교수·학습지도에 비해 학생의 참여도와 흥미를 높일 수 있다는 장점이 있으며, 단순한 영어의 단어가 아닌 각자의 역할에 어울리는 말과 행동이 함께 어우러짐으로 의사소통능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 효과가 있다. 역할극이 초등영어 목표에 가장 근접할 수 있는 교수· 학습 방법으로서 인식되어지고 그 시행 정도도 갈수록 확장 되어질 것이다. 연구의 목적을 위해 G 지역 현직 교사 47명을 임의로 추출하여 설문조사를 실시하였고, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 조사결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 역할극의 전반적인 지도 실태 결과 많은 수의 교사들이 역할극에 대한 사전지식을 가지고 역할극을 직접 지도 해본 경험이 있으나, 실제 지도에 있어서는 이와는 별개로 교사의 인식 및 제반 사항의 부족으로 역할극을 통한 효과적인 영어 지도가 이루어지지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 실제 지도함에 있어서 드러나는 문제점에도 불구하고 대부분의 교사들은 역할극 지도가 학생들의 전반적인 영어 능력 및 흥미 유발, 자신감 향상에 도움이 된다고 인식하고 있었다. 또한 실제 수업 실시 후 듣기, 읽기, 말하기, 쓰기 등 언어의 영역별 향상 정도에서도 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있어, 역할극의 교육적 유용성을 잘 인식하고 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 역할극 지도를 위해 사전에 교재 연구를 하는 편이나 교사용 지도서에 역할극 지도 방법의 안내가 충분하지 않아 수업을 위한 더욱 체계적인 지도 요강이 필요하다고 인식하고 있음을 알 수 있다. This study aims at aiding the formation of guidelines to develop role play and how to use it by researching how it is used in Elementary School English and teachers perception of it. The conclusions are as follow: Many teachers have insufficient information to lead a role play and lack in teaching materials, which reduce its effect. Post-evaluations and feedback processes lacked and most role plays fell short of proper environmental conditions and teaching aids as guidelines to cultural factors. Most teachers, however, have positive view such as students’ improvement of confidence in English expressions and speech skill, creating their interest, and it is considered as useful at school, as the results have shown positive effects in four linguistic areas. * Teachers commonly preferred to English role play, but felt great difficulty in actual lesson. In fact, many teachers favored to delay role play until the 6th grade. Otherwise, as teachers’ manual lacked enough guidance for it, they had difficulty in its preparation. An effective role play requires preparation for educational and financial measures ASAP. For efficient role play lesson, frequent opportunities to learn how to manage a role play program must be prepared sufficiently, the focus must be on improving all skills in four linguistic areas in role plays, and continuous follow-up research on relevant activities must be implemented.