한국인의 흡연과 사망 위험에 관한 코호트 연구

이은하,박수경,고광필,조인성,장성훈,신해림,강대희,유근영,Lee, Eun-Ha,Park, Sue-K.,Ko, Kwang-Pil,Cho, In-Seong,Chang, Soung-Hoon,Shin, Hai-Rim,Kang, Dae-Hee,Yoo, Keun-Young 대한예방의학회 2010 예방의학회지 Vol.43 No.2

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and total mortality, cancer mortality and other disease mortalities in Korean adults. Methods: A total of 14 161 subjects of the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort who were over 40 years of age and who were cancer-free at baseline enrollment reported their lifestyle factors, including the smoking status. The median follow-up time was 6.6 years. During the follow-up period from 1993 to 2005, we identified 1159 cases of mortality, including 260 cancer mortality cases with a total of 91 987 person-years, by the national death certificate. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of cigarette smoking for total mortality, cancer mortality and disease-specific mortality, as adjusted for age, gender, the geographic area and year of enrollment, the alcohol consumption status, the education level and the body mass index (BMI). Results: Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk of total mortality, all-cancer mortality and lung cancer mortality (p-trend, < 0.01, <0.01, <0.01, respectively). Compared to non-smoking, current smokers were at a higher risk for mortality [HR (95% CI)=1.3 (1.1 - 1.5) for total mortality; HR (95% CI)=1.6 (1.1 -2.2) for all-cancer mortality; HR (95% CI)=3.9 (1.9-7.7) for lung cancer mortality]. Conclusions: This study's results suggest that cigarette smoking might be associated with total mortality, all-cancer mortality and especially lung cancer mortality among Korean adults.

간호대학생의 생명의료윤리 의식과 간호전문직관과의 관계

이은하,Lee, Eun-Ha 한국임상보건과학회 2016 한국임상보건과학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Purpose. This study purposed to examine consciousness of biomedical ethics and nursing professional values in nursing students. In addition, by identifying the relationship between consciousness of biomedical ethics and their nursing professional values. Methods. We collected data from 184 nursing students using a structured questionnaire, which were constructed to include Consciousness of biomedical ethics and Nursing professional values. The collected data was analyzed descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients with SPSS 20.0 Results. Average score for consciousness of biomedical ethics in nursing students was $2.92{\pm}.16$ and that of nursing professional values was $3.61{\pm}.34$. Among the sub-areas of consciousness of biomedical ethics, right to life of newborn was highest. In addition, among the sub-area of nursing professional values, The roles of nursing service was highest. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between consciousness of biomedical ethics and their nursing professional values in nursing students. Conclusion. The results of this study indicate that it is necessary to increase the consciousness of biomedical ethics and to encourage nursing professional values.

다세대 지분 쪼개기-제한할 수 있는 법적 근거 마련해야

이은하,Lee, Eun-Ha 한국주택협회 2008 주택과 사람들 Vol.217 No.-

단독주택을 8-10가구의 다세대 주택으로 용도를 바꾸는 '지분 쪼개기' 때문에 최근 서울을 비롯한 수도권 곳곳에서 다세대 주택 신축 붐이 일고 있다. 서울시가 무분별한 지분 쪼개기를 막기 위해 가구당 전용 면적 $60m^2$ 미만 주택은 입주권을 주지 않고 돈으로 청산하는 방식으로 규제하겠다는 방침을 밝혔지만, 현장에서는 다세대나 빌라 신축 공사가 더욱 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 게다가 조례를 개정하는 7월 전까지 건축 허가를 받으면 면적에 상관없이 입주권을 받을 수 있다는 점을 노린 막판 투기가 기승을 부리고 있어 논란이 일고 있다.

구조적 점화를 통한 한국어 모어 화자와 한국어 학습자의 비규범적 문장 처리·학습 연구

이은하 ( Eun-ha Lee ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2018 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.79

The present study examined whether the exposure to identically repeated or syntactically similar Korean L1/L2 sentences in a simple reading task can facilitate changes in rating of grammatical acceptability for both fully grammatical and moderately grammatical types. Native speakers of Korean and Chinese learners of Korean read 120 sentences before rating 24 sentences that were identical to the reading phase and 24 with the same syntactic structure as the reading phase. The results revealed that L1 participants who were exposed to the prime sentences rated both fully grammatical and moderately grammatical sentences as more grammatical than the participants who were not. No differences in the structural preference effect were found between identically repeated and syntactically repeated sentences. However, L2 participants who performed the reading task showed no sign of the structural facilitation effect. These findings suggest L1 speakers can learn implicitly syntactic structures that are grammatically less acceptable while L2 learners seems to require native-like knowledge about the target structures to enable familiarization with them to lead to structural facilitation.

이중과제를 사용한 한국어 학습자의 암시적 지식 측정

이은하 ( Lee Eun-ha ) 연세대학교 언어연구교육원 한국어학당 2020 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.58 No.-

This study investigates whether measures of explicit knowledge are affected by demands on attentional resources made by random digit generation as a secondary task during a grammatical judgment task, and whether the subjective threshold criterion may dissociate implicit and explicit grammatical knowledge of learners of Korean as second language (L2). Thirty participants performed a grammatical judgment test and reported how confident they are in their decision for each judgment. A half of them were randomly assigned to the sing-task condition and the other half to the dual-task condition. The results of the experiment are as follows: firstly, the quality of explicit knowledge under the dual-task condition was not impaired; secondly, the accuracy of high confidence reponses did not significantly differ from that of low confidence responses; thirdly, the calibration curve for the single-task condition was fairly closer to the regression line representing perfect calibration than that for the dual-task condition; and finally, the signal detection analysis exhibited the learners’ ability to discriminate between correct and incorrect responses. These findings suggest that random digit generation as a secondary task may not be suitable for facilitating the use of implicit L2 knowledge, whereas the subjective threshold criterion can be useful for separating between implicit and explicit L2 knowledge.

이준연 동화에 나타난 생태의식 고찰

이은하(Lee Eun-Ha) 한국아동청소년문학학회 2011 아동청소년문학연구 Vol.- No.8

Jun Yeon Lee So far the results based on the ecological awareness of ecological issues so as to realistically reflect both the cause of ecological destruction, and could see that. Depth perception of the ecological crisis as the foundation of this work has paved the selfish desires of human and industrial civilization, capitalism, materialism, and in principle the cause was found. The defendants’ reckless urban development and population concentration, and for the convenience of the human realities of the destruction wrought ecological showing a sharp critique of the artist to depict the devastation of concentric, extended by separating the human and natural to think that Nature Dichotomy to meet human needs by means of failure was brought to today’s ecological degradation. The author criticizes the ecological awareness of the problem and tteumbuksae cicadas, fish and water using an objective matter of emotional evocation of the subtle complexities of character behavior problems such as inferring the motives of the protagonist’s inner world, revealing the strange situation of people and psychological, and artistic world was shaped. Workers resulting from the industrialization process of his assimilation of the spiritual deprivation reflect the views of the ecological and social causes of ecological degradation, suggesting the items you want in life, including human logic of the market, looked at the social structures and institutions. Capital (the means of production) to obtain a profit to the capitalist who owns the production activities to ensure that the capitalist economic system to meet the needs for the production and consumption, promoting for profit expansion, a fierce rivalry, etc. The human desire to be closely related to social structures and institutional issues were also stressed the need to consider. Eco-Conscious In addition, through the person you want to find the ultimate solution to conscious transition, showed the movement of mental activity. Honor and innocence of life, to exert a maternal figure, and it recognizes the equality of life through the implementation of human self-realization of the process showed. It reigned as the lord of all things, human beings have an accident as an opportunity to transition to a friend and companion to recognize the natural, ecological crisis, and criticizes the present situation to explore beyond the dreams of the future ecological society can see that. Jun Yeon Lee eventually stand for the eco-fairy tale about the value of material civilization and human nature by denying that the simple notion has its roots in a show that could. Ecological awareness of the issue through the reality of destruction and healing and to defend this man thinking through the transition, while reflecting the ecological crisis can be overcome if the present, including the possibility that humans can live in either ecological relationships showed the same values .

영화 ‘범죄도시’에 나타난 병리적 의식탐구 - 3유형 중심으로-

이은하(Lee Eun Ha) 한국에니어그램역동심리학회 2018 에니어그램심리역동연구 Vol.5 No.1

영화는 허구성, 가상성을 가진 현실의 대체물로서 영화속 인물의 캐릭터, 성격을 이해하는 도구로 에니어 그램심리역동적 접근을 사용하여 심리역동을 이해하는 작업을 하였다. 영화 ‘범죄도시’에 출연하는 인물의 역할유형과 성격유형 간 의식적 탐구를 통해 욕구의 좌절과 왜곡이 어떠한 갈등구조와 상황을 만드는지 에 니어그램심리역동의 병리적 의식수준과 대비하여 분석하였다. 또한 영화 ‘범죄도시’에 나타난 병리적 의식 탐구의 영역을 자기파괴, 관계파탄, 파국적 상황 등으로 분류하였다. 자기파괴영역으로 분노조절, 잔혹한 공 격성 등으로 나타났고, 관계파탄영역으로 끊임없는 복수, 파탄적 관계 등으로 고찰하게 되었다. 파국적 상 황으로 기물파손, 공공질서 무시 등의 상황을 전개하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 영화 속에 나타난 성공욕구의 좌절은 물질만능, 맹목적 목표달성, 끝없는 복수 등의 의식 상태를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있다. 영화를 통한 병리적의식의 탐구는 심리적인 핵심욕구의 좌절, 병리적 패턴을 이해함으로써 예방적 접근 및 대안을 탐색 할 때 지표로 활용될 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 향후 연구로 다양한 영화속 등장인물과 에니어그램심리역동적 접근을 연계한 연구 또한 요구되어진다. Knowing that a movie is a substitute for reality with fabrication and virtuality, this research went through the process of understanding the psychological dynamics of a movie’s characters using Enneagram Psychological Dynamic approach. In this study, how the frustration and distortion of desires cause conflict and consequences were analyzed through the exploration of consciousness of the types of the characters in the movie, ‘The Outlaws’ using the pathological conscious levels of Enneagram Psychological Dynamics. The areas of exploration of pathological consciousness in the movie were classified into self-destruction, destruction of relationship and catastrophic situation. Self-destruction area showed lack of anger-control and vicious aggressiveness, the area of destruction of relationship was endless revenge and disruptive relationship, and catastrophic situation showed causing damage to properties and disturbing the public order. The frustration of the type 3 with achievement desire in the movie was represented as materialism, blind attainment of goals and never-ending revenge. It was shown that exploration of pathological consciousness through movies can be used as an effective guide when the frustration of central psychological desires and the pathological patterns in the movie are well understood and the preventive approach and alternatives are examined. As future research, further studies on the various movie characters and the related approach using Enneagram Psychological Dynamics are required.

『눈먼 자들의 도시』의 서사구조와 도시공간성

이은하 ( Lee Eun-ha ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2021 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.71

주제 사라마구의 『눈먼 자들의 도시』는 ‘백색실명’의 환상적 사건과 은유적 공간구조를 중심으로 작가의 추상적 관념을 구체화하면서 철학적 사유를 흥미롭게 제시한다. 환자들이 격리공간으로 이동하여 경험·탈출·회귀하는 과정은 ‘공간화’를 통해 구성되고, 자기 환멸과 반성적 성찰을 유도하려는 작가 의도는 감시와 처벌의 병원, 권력의 쟁점화가 된 병실, 폭압에 짓밟힌 육체로 집약되어 인물의 관계와 욕망의 심층적 의미구조를 이룬다. ‘도시-병원-육체’는 파멸(디스토피아)과 탄생(유토피아)의 양립 불가능한 공간이 복합된 헤테로토피아이다. 이는 ‘재앙적 운명→외부(정부, 제도)→내부(약탈자, 규율)의 구심적 특성을 보이면서 전도·중첩되어 인물이 ‘환자→독균→노예’가 되는 문제의 근원적 원인과 해결에 이르는 틀을 입체적으로 완성시킨다. 특히 “처음부터 시력을 잃지 않은” 의사 아내는 ‘눈’을 상징하는 인물로서 카메라처럼 진실을 ‘관찰’하고 육체로써 ‘기억’하는 유일한 증인이며 ‘눈먼 사회’를 객관적으로 제시하여 성찰하게 만드는 ‘거울’ 역할을 한다. “사물의 질서가 뒤집혀” 어떤 시대에 살고 있는지조차 모르는 사람들에게 그녀는 “아직도 볼 수 있는 두 눈, 마지막 두 눈이 있는 사람”이기에 희망적 메타포이다. 결국 이 소설은 환상적인 사건과 공간의 특수성을 중심으로 인간에게서 실존의 의미를 박탈하고 있는 현대적 사회제도의 폭력성을 보여주었다. 인간은 이에 저항하여 새로운 연대의 기초를 구축할 수 있는 장(場이)며, 성찰적 존재임을 증명할 수 있는 ‘다른 공간’이 될 수 있다는 것을 미학적으로 형상화하였다. Theme Saramagu's "City of the Blind" is a fantastic realism novel and develops interestingly through irony and allegory. Through disaster events and metaphorical spaces, the author's ideas are shown in detail. The process of patients moving to hospitals and experiencing, escaping, and returning consists of "spatialization." The hospital of surveillance and punishment, the hospital of suppression by power, and the body hurt by violence show the relationship between human and society's desire. "City-hospital-body" is a strange space of destruction (distopia) and birth (utopia), heterotopia. Conflict is evangelized and overlapped with "disaster fate → external (government, system) → internal (lover, discipline), and the person becomes "patient → toxic → slave". In the end, the novel shows the violence of the social system through fantastic events and the speciality of space, and the human transformation process of reflecting on it while resisting it.

초등 영어 교사의 역할극에 대한 인식

이은하(Eun Ha Lee) 조선대학교 교과교육연구소 2015 敎科敎育硏究 Vol.36 No.1

초등학교 영어교육의 목표는 어린 학생들이 영어에 대한 흥미와 관심을 가지고, 영어권 세계의 일상생활에서 사용하는 영어를 이해하고 표현하는 능력을 기르며 더 나아가 국제적으로 소통되는 영어로서의 의사소통능력을 향상 시키는 데 있다. 초등학교 영어교육에 있어서 역할극은 가상적 인 삶의 공간을 통해 실제 일어나는 삶의 환경에서 의사소통이 이루어지는 과정을 직접 체험하고 사용함으로서 영어를 익히고 배울 수 있는 적합한 교수 학습 방법으로 활용되고 있다. 또한 역할극을 사용할 때, 일반적인 교수·학습지도에 비해 학생의 참여도와 흥미를 높일 수 있다는 장점이 있으며, 단순한 영어의 단어가 아닌 각자의 역할에 어울리는 말과 행동이 함께 어우러짐으로 의사소통능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 효과가 있다. 역할극이 초등영어 목표에 가장 근접할 수 있는 교수· 학습 방법으로서 인식되어지고 그 시행 정도도 갈수록 확장 되어질 것이다. 연구의 목적을 위해 G 지역 현직 교사 47명을 임의로 추출하여 설문조사를 실시하였고, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 조사결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 역할극의 전반적인 지도 실태 결과 많은 수의 교사들이 역할극에 대한 사전지식을 가지고 역할극을 직접 지도 해본 경험이 있으나, 실제 지도에 있어서는 이와는 별개로 교사의 인식 및 제반 사항의 부족으로 역할극을 통한 효과적인 영어 지도가 이루어지지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 실제 지도함에 있어서 드러나는 문제점에도 불구하고 대부분의 교사들은 역할극 지도가 학생들의 전반적인 영어 능력 및 흥미 유발, 자신감 향상에 도움이 된다고 인식하고 있었다. 또한 실제 수업 실시 후 듣기, 읽기, 말하기, 쓰기 등 언어의 영역별 향상 정도에서도 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있어, 역할극의 교육적 유용성을 잘 인식하고 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 역할극 지도를 위해 사전에 교재 연구를 하는 편이나 교사용 지도서에 역할극 지도 방법의 안내가 충분하지 않아 수업을 위한 더욱 체계적인 지도 요강이 필요하다고 인식하고 있음을 알 수 있다. This study aims at aiding the formation of guidelines to develop role play and how to use it by researching how it is used in Elementary School English and teachers perception of it. The conclusions are as follow: Many teachers have insufficient information to lead a role play and lack in teaching materials, which reduce its effect. Post-evaluations and feedback processes lacked and most role plays fell short of proper environmental conditions and teaching aids as guidelines to cultural factors. Most teachers, however, have positive view such as students’ improvement of confidence in English expressions and speech skill, creating their interest, and it is considered as useful at school, as the results have shown positive effects in four linguistic areas. * Teachers commonly preferred to English role play, but felt great difficulty in actual lesson. In fact, many teachers favored to delay role play until the 6th grade. Otherwise, as teachers’ manual lacked enough guidance for it, they had difficulty in its preparation. An effective role play requires preparation for educational and financial measures ASAP. For efficient role play lesson, frequent opportunities to learn how to manage a role play program must be prepared sufficiently, the focus must be on improving all skills in four linguistic areas in role plays, and continuous follow-up research on relevant activities must be implemented.

농촌지역 국제결혼가정 부부의 자녀, 배우자, 자신에 대한 삶의 탐색

이은하(Eun Ha Lee),견주연(Ju Youn Kyun) 한국아동학회 2012 아동학회지 Vol.33 No.3

The purpose of this study is to examine the ways in international married couples perceive the lives of their spouses as well as their own, and the ways in which they perceive their relationships with their children. In addition, the study attempts to explore the implicit meanings at work in the lives of international married families. The participants in this study were eight international married couples from rural areas and the data were gathered by means of semi-structured interviews. According to the findings, international married couples perceived their relationships with their children in terms of individual-specific maternal roles versus the Korean culturally-specific paternal roles. Secondly, in terms of their spouse` life, husbands relied more on their wives and had high expectations of them. On the other hand, wives had the tendency to pay more attention and place more hope on their children rather than their husbands. Lastly, regarding their own lives, the findings revealed that wives tended to maintain the hope and desire for a better life, whereas the husbands were unable to adapted to their reality and tended to look back on the past. In addition, the limitations of this study and suggestions for future studies were also discussed.