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대화적 의식으로서의 이청준적 ‘쓰기’와 소설의 미학 -『당신들의 천국』을 대상으로
이성아(Lee, Seong-ah) 한국현대소설학회 2023 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.92
The purpose of this paper is to read the aesthetic response in Lee Cheong-juns 『Your Heaven』 by paying attention to Bakhtins ‘dialogue’. Dialogue means the process of forming the consciousness of existence. When look like this, the novel becomes a polyphony in which inclusive subjects are in harmony. Lee Cheong-juns ‘writing’ can be related to this concept of dialogue. For him, ‘writing’ is a means of composing interaction of consciousness. In 『Your Heaven』, characters become an active subject through this ‘writing’. 『Your Heaven』 shows as the intrinsic formation process of the novel that only repetitive living practice is a way to realize freedom and love.
이성식(Sung-Sik Lee),천성기(Seong-Ki Cheon),이장호(Jang-Ho Lee),안인옥(In-Ok Ahn),신성련(Seong-Lyon Shin),최광태(Kwang-Tae Choi),이갑수(Gab-Soo Lee),이형식(Hyung-Sik Lee),정재동(Jae-Dong Chung) 고려인삼학회 2004 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.28 No.4
This experiment was conducted to determine economic application method of Yakto among 6 application method: amount of Yakto application 3 plots(70ℓ, 25.5ℓ, 13.3 ℓ/kan), and added side dressing(3ℓ/kan) each plot. The reduced Yakto application(25.5ℓ/kan) with side dressing(3ℓ/kan) showed similar root diameter, fresh weight of roots and yield of good seedlings to standard Yakto application(70ℓ/kan). And also this application method of Yakto gave similar content of Ca and Mg, but the lower content of N, P, K in roots to standard Yakto application(70ℓ/kan). These suggested that 25.5ℓ Yakto application added side dressing(3ℓ/kan) per kan might be economical application method of Yakto.
약토 시용방법이 인삼 양직묘 지상부 생육에 미치는 영향
이성식(Sung-Sik Lee),천성기(Seong-Ki Cheon),이태수(Tae-Su Lee),윤종혁(Jong-Hyuk Yoon),박현석(Hyeon-Suk Park),신성련(Seong-Lyon Shin),최광태(Kwang-Tae Choi),이갑수(Gab-Soo Lee),주성돈(Seong-Don Ju),정재동(Jae-Dong Chung) 고려인삼학회 2004 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.28 No.4
This experiment was conducted to determine the economic application method of Yakto among 6 application method: amount of Yak to application 3 plot(70ℓ, 25.5ℓ,13.3ℓ/kan;180cmx90cm), and added side dressing(3ℓ/kan) each plot. The reduced amoumt ofYakto application(25.5ℓ, 13.3ℓ/kan) were lower the contents of inorganic nitrogen, P₂O_5, K, Ca and Mg, but similar pH in bed soil compared with standard Yakto application(70ℓ/kan). Side dressing applicated on 29 May increased the contents of inorganic nitrogen, P₂O_5, K, Ca, Mg and salt concentration in bed soil compared with nonside dressing in each Yakto application plot(70ℓ, 25.5ℓ, 13.3ℓ/kan). The reduced amoumt ofYakto application(25.5ℓ/kan) added side dressing(3ℓ/kan) were similar the contents of inorganic nitrogen, K, Mg and salt but lower PPs and Ca in bed soil compared with standard Yakto application(70ℓ/kan) in June. The reduced amoumt of Yak to application(25.5ℓ/kan) added side dressing(3ℓ/kan) was similar the contents of P, K, Ca and Mg but lower N in leaves compared with standard Yakto application(70ℓ/kan). The reduced amoumt of Yakto application(25.5ℓ/kan) added side dressing(3ℓ/kan) was shorter stem length, and higher 5% chlorosis of leaf tip, but similar emergence ratio, survival ratio, leaf senescence ratio, chlorophyll, stem diameter and leaf area compared with standard Yakto application(70ℓ/kan). These suggested that 25.5ℓ Yakto application added side dressing(3ℓ/kan) per kan might be possible economical application method of Yakto.
이성형 ( Seong Hyung Lee ) 근역한문학회 2015 한문학논집(漢文學論集) Vol.40 No.-
鶴峯 金誠一(1538~1593) 燕行詩의 意境은 性理學的 修養論의 문제로 귀결되는데, 漢詩를 통해 성정 도야를 기약했던 자신의 한시관에 충실한 작시태도로 판단된 다. 또한 次韻詩가 적고 長篇詩가 많아서, 개인의 성정도야와 자연스러운 감정의 노 정에 적절했다. 학봉 연행시의 재도적 의경은 ``性理學的 性情 修養의 强調``와 ``性理學的 價値에 의한 人物 褒貶``으로 범주화할 수 있다. 먼저 개인적 수양의 측면으로는 忠孝兼全을 위 해 先公後私를 중시하였음을 볼 수 있다. 특히 長篇詩를 바탕으로 ``忠孝兼全``을 지향 하는 載道的 문학관에 충실한 작품 세계를 보였다. 다음으로 학봉은 스승인 退溪의 華夷觀을 계승하여 內聖外王을 통한 守在四夷를 지향했다. 학봉의 연행시에 城牆과 江河 등 경계공간에 華夷의 개념을 대입한 것은 華와 夷를 구별하여 夷狄을 辨斥하고 자 한 것이다. 그러나 궁극적으로 王道의 교화로 夷狄이 감화되어 城牆이 불필요한 상태를 지향했다. 학봉은 성리학적 가치를 바탕으로 역사적 인물을 褒貶하였다. 학봉은 역사적 사실 에 대하여 현상적인 문제가 발생하게 된 근본 원인을 규명하고 이에 대한 평가를 내렸는데, 그 귀결도 역시 修養의 문제였다. 또한 性理學的 歷史觀을 계승하였고, 하흠과 연계된 의무려산을 성리학적 表象으로 조성하였다. 학봉 연행시의 문학적 의의는 우선 성리학적 가치를 바탕으로 서술적이고 논리적인 성격의 송시풍을 추구한 학봉의 한시관과 효용론이 연행시의 의경에 충실히 구현 되었다는 점이다. 다음으로 학봉의 ``朝天紀行``은 조선 후기 ``續北征`` 같은 장편 연행시가 출현하게 된 배경을 보여주는 작품으로서 그 의의를 갖는다. Moral value intention of Yeonhaengsi(燕行詩) of Hakbong(鶴峯) Kim Seong Il(金誠一 ; 1538~1593) belongs to the issue of Confucian self-cultivation theory and is considered to be verse writing attitude faithful to his viewpoint on Chinese poetry who promises temperament cultivation through Chinese poetry. In addition, it was suitable for personal temperament cultivation and natural disclosure of emotion since it has a few poems imitating rhythms of other poems and many long poem. Moral value intention of Hakbong Yeonhaengsi(燕行詩) can be classified into ``emphasis of Confucian temperament cultivation`` and ``praise and blame of person by Confucian value``. First, in terms of personal cultivation, ``preceding private obligation with public affairs`` was emphasized for fidelity and filial duty. In particular, he showed the works faithful to moral value view of literature pursuing ``fidelity and filial duty`` based on long poem. Next, he pursued Sujesai(守在四夷) through a person with knowledge and virtue by inheriting the sense of Hwai(華夷觀) of Toegye(退溪) Lee Hwang(李滉), his teacher. Application of the concept of Hwai(華夷) to the boundary space such as growth and falling in Yeonhaengsi(燕行詩) was to oppose the foreign enemy by differentiating Chinese from foreigners. However, ultimately, he was touchedby the reformation of kingship and pursued the status not requiring wall of palace. Hakbong(鶴峯) praised and blamed historical figure based on Confucian values. He clarified fundamental causes of the historical fact, evaluated phenomenal issue, and concluded it with the issue of cultivation. In addition, he inherited the Confucian viewpoint of history and presented Ueimuryesan mountain(醫巫閭山 ) related to Haeum(賀欽) as the Confucian symbol. Literary meaning of Yeonhengsi(燕行詩) of Hakbong(鶴峯) is that utility theory and viewpoint of Chinese poems of Hakbong(鶴峯) pursing the poetical style of Song dynasty which was descriptive and logic based on Confucian value were faithfully implemented in the Yeonhengsi(燕行詩). Next, ``Jocheongiheng(朝天紀行)`` of Hakbong(鶴峯) is meaningful in that it showed the background when long poem such as ``Sokbukjeong(續北征)`` at the late Joseon dynasty appeared.
李成制(LEE Seong-je),鄭雲龍(토론자) 고구려발해학회 2004 고구려발해연구 Vol.18 No.-
North Korea has studied the history of Koguryo to meet their political goal of establishing the historical inevitability of their system, which in return has played a Significant part in successfully emphasizing the legitimacy and the superiority of their system. However, the history of Koguryo that the North Korea used to defend and justify their system has been raised up as an issue that might jeopardize their system, as China began to study the history of Koguryo from the perspective of the nationalism. Regarding the history of Koguryo as part of China means shaking the legitimacy of the North Korea to the root in the context of the history of the nation. Although the scholars of the North Korea have greatly emphasized the struggle against the foreign forces and the self reliance of the nation, they have not effectively addressed the issue on the distortion of the history by China, that should be recognized as the matter of a historic consciousness. From that, the abuse is very obvious that the study of Koguryo in the North Korea has attempted to draw unreasonable and framed interpretations and subjugated the description of the history to the political purposes. This has a very special meaning now that both Koreas on the Peninsular have to urgently work hand in hand to stand up to the distortion of the history by China. Obviously it is the catastrophic result from the attempt to hold the 'consciousness of the history' to the hostage of a framed history. Not only the North Korea but also we need to seriously reflect on the limit of our current historic perspective. Moreover, we need to seriously weigh on a new viewpoint and the method of the study that can overcome the limit to the historic consciousness of the North Korea, not just being content with the premise that the consciousness of the born Koreas is far from each other.