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Titanium Phosphide 표면에 대한 세포독성 및 골친화성의 평가
이강진,김천석,김형수,염창엽,김병옥,한경윤,Lee, Kang-Jin,Kim, Chun-Seok,Kim, Hyung-Soo,Yum, Chang-Yup,Kim, Byung-Ock,Han, Kyung-Yoon 대한치주과학회 1997 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.27 No.2
Dental implants have been developed for enhancement of osseointegration. Biocompatibility, bone affinity and surface characteristics of dental implants are very important factors for osseointegration. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxicity and the bone affinity of titanium phosphide(Ti-P) implant material. The Ti-P surface was obtained by vacuum sintering of titanium within compacted hydroxyapatite powder. The composition and the chemical change of the surface were determined by Auger electron spectroscopy. The in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated by the viability of the bone cells and macrophages obtained from chicken embryo and rat,s peritonium, respectively. For the comparative evaluation, 316L stainless steel, commercially pure titanium and Ti-P materials, prepared in size of 1O.0mm in diameter and 5.0mm in height, were immersed separately in bone cells and macrophages for 10 days. For the evaluation of the in vivo bone affinity, 316L stainless steel, commercially pure titanium and Ti-P materials, prepared in size of 5.0mm in diameter and 10.0mm in length, were implanted after drilling in diameter 5.5mm in femurs of 2 dogs weighing 10Kg more or less. Six weeks after implantation the specimens were prepared for histopathological examination and were observed under light microscope. In comparison of in vitro bone cell viability, Ti-P and commercially pure titanium groups were not significantly different from control group (p>O.1), but 316L stainless steel group was significantly lower than control group(p<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the viability of macrophages between 3 different groups and control group(p>O.l). In comparison of in vivo study, 316L stainless steel and commercially pure titanium showed fibrous encapsulation, but Ti-P showed remarkable new bone formation without any fibrous tissue. The results demonstrate that Ti-P has favorable biocompatibility and bone affinity, and suggest that dental implants with Ti-P surface may enhance osseointegration.
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HDTV 응용을 위한 3V 10b 33MHz 저전력 CMOS A/D 변환기
이강진,이승훈,Lee, Kang-Jin,Lee, Seung-Hoon 한국전기전자학회 1998 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.2 No.2
본 논문에서는 HDTV 응용을 위한 10b 저전력 CMOS A/D 변환기 (analog-to-digital converter : ADC) 회로를 제안한다. 제안된 ADC의 전체 구조는 응용되는 시스템의 속도와 해상도 등의 사양을 고려하여 다단 파이프라인 구조가 적용되었다. 본 시스템이 갖는 회로적 특성은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 전원전압의 변화에도 일정한 시스템 성능을 얻을 수 있는 바이어스 회로의 선택적 채널길이 조정기법을 제안한다. 둘째, 고속 2단 증폭기의 전력소모를 줄이기 위하여 증폭기가 사용되지 않는 동안 동작 전류 공급을 줄이는 전력소모 최적화 기법을 사용한다. 넷째, 다단 파이프라인 구조에서 최종단으로 갈수록 정확도 및 잡음 특성 등에서 여유를 얻을 수 있는 점을 고려한 캐패시터 스케일링 기법의 적용으로 면적 및 전력소모를 감소시킨다. 제안된 ADC는 0.8 um double-poly double-metal n-well CMOS 공정 변수를 사용하여 설계 및 제작되었고, 시제품 ADC의 성능 측정 결과는 Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) ${\pm}0.6LSB$, Integral Nonlinearity (INL) ${\pm}2.0LSB$ 수준이며, 전력소모는 3 V 및 40 MHz 동작시에는 119 mW, 5 V 및 50 MHz 동작시에는 320 mW로 측정되었다. This paper describes a l0b CMOS A/D converter (ADC) for HDTV applications. The proposed ADC adopts a typical multi-step pipelined architecture. The proposed circuit design techniques are as fo1lows: A selective channel-length adjustment technique for a bias circuit minimizes the mismatch of the bias current due to the short channel effect by supply voltage variations. A power reduction technique for a high-speed two-stage operational amplifier decreases the power consumption of amplifiers with wide bandwidths by turning on and off bias currents in the suggested sequence. A typical capacitor scaling technique optimizes the chip area and power dissipation of the ADC. The proposed ADC is designed and fabricated in s 0.8 um double-poly double-metal n-well CMOS technology. The measured differential and integral nonlinearities of the prototype ADC show less than ${\pm}0.6LSB\;and\;{\pm}2.0LSB$, respectively. The typical ADC power consumption is 119 mW at 3 V with a 40 MHz sampling rate, and 320 mW at 5 V with a 50 MHz sampling rate.
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행정통계의 체계적 관리를 위한 대표적 통계항목 선정 사례연구
이강진,김민경,안정용,최경호,Lee, Kang-Jin,Kim, Min-Kyoung,Ahn, Jeong-Yong,Choi, Kyoung-Ho 한국데이터정보과학회 2012 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.23 No.1
지역통계는 특성화통계를 중심으로 그 수요가 증가하고 있음에도 불구하고 통계작성비용 증가 등의 이유로 인하여 조사통계로 모든 요구를 충족시키기에는 한계가 있다. 이에 그 대안으로 고려되는 것이 행정통계이다. 본 연구에서는 전라북도 행정통계 자료 가운데 지역정책 수립 및 특성화에 기여하는 대표통계를 선정하고 이를 체계적으로 관리함으로써 질적 향상을 통한 신뢰성 확보를 이룰 수 있는 방안에 대해서 논하였다. 그 결과 45개 항목을 전라북도 대표통계로 최종 선정하였다. 본 연구에서 대표통계의 선정에 대한 필요성을 제기하고 구체적인 선정절차를 밝힌 것은, 본 연구가 지방자치단체에서 생산되는 행정통계의 체계적인 관리와 효율적인 활용에 도움을 줄 수 있는 계기가 되기를 기대 해서이다. In spite of growing demand for the region specific statistics, due to the increase in the cost of making out statistics and other reasons, utilizing survey statistics has limitation on coping with it. Thus, administrative statistics could be a feasible option. In this study, we selected "representative statistics", which are frequently used in establishing regional policy and reflect regional characteristics, among the Jeollabuk-do's administrative statistics. And we suggested the way to enhance quality and credential of the administrative statistics by using systematic management. As a result, we selected 45 statistics for Jeollabuk-do's "representative statistics". The reason that we raise the issue on the necessity of selecting "representative statistics" and specify its selection process is to give guidance to systematic management and efficient utilization of the local government's administrative statistics.
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휠체어 새천년 건강체조의 팔꿈치 운동속도에 따른 상지협응과 근활성도 변화
이강진 ( Kang Jin Lee ),김택훈 ( Tack Hoon Kim ) 대한물리의학회 2014 대한물리의학회지 Vol.9 No.2
PURPOSE: This study concerns the wheelchair-based rehabilitation of elderly people, investigating muscle activity and coordination of upper limbs during wheelchair-based new millennium health gymnastics with varying elbow exercise velocity. METHODS: Twelve elderly people participated in new millennium gymnastics twice per week during 12-weeks. The group was separated into 0.4, 1.0, and 1.6 Hz groups (controlled by the metronome speed). Range of motion was measured by electrogoniometer, electromyography signals used root mean square values. The data application was normalized using reference voluntary contraction (%RVC). Upper limb (wrist and elbow joint) data gathered while standing up after the “falling on hips” was investigated in terms of coordination of angle-angle plots. One-way ANOVA, paired t-test and Scheffe`s post hoc comparisons, were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: There were results taken before and after the experiments. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the triceps brachii and flexor carpi radialis of the 0.4 ㎐ group (p<.05). There was significant difference in the triceps brachi of the 1 ㎐ group. No significant differences were found in all muscles of the 1.6 ㎐ group. Muscle co-activation indexes of the 0.4 ㎐ group were larger than the others. The 0.4 ㎐ graph was turning point synchronized clockwise. The 1 ㎐ graph was out of phase with the negative slope. The 1.6 ㎐ graph was turning point synchronized counterclockwise, and uncontrolled factor phase was offset on angle-angle plots. CONCLUSION: It is found that improvement of muscle activity and upper limbs coordination of elderly people using wheelchair-based new millennium gymnastics is optimal with elbow exercise velocity with a frequency of 0.4 ㎐.
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A Critical Analysis of the Pusan International Film Festival
Lee, Kang Jin(이강진) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2013 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.13 No.3
본 연구는 부산국제영화제의 비약적 발전 과정에 있어서 지대한 영향을 미친 요인으로서 경제와 민주주의 발전 외에 자본의 원리에 의해 영화제의 비즈니스적인 측면을 강조한다. 자본과의 강력한 연결고리는 영화제의 가장 강점인 동시에 영화제의 장기적 생존의 문제로 접근 했을 경우 가장 우려되는 측면이기도 하다. 본 연구는 또한 부산 국제영화제가 어떠한 방식으로 ‘국가’ 보다는 ‘지역’을 강조 활용하여 발전 하였고 주변국과 비교하여 국제적 명성을 얻을 수 있었는지에 대하여 고찰 할 것이다. 아래 내용에서 다루어질 부산국제영화제의 탄생 배경과 과정은 많은 의미를 내포하고 있으며 무의 상태부터 라기 보다 엔터테인먼트산업에 의하여 이루어 진 측면을 고찰 한다. This study will seek to argue, the most significant contributing factor to PIFF’s success has not just been the country’s economic growth and democracy, but its strong focus on business and combining cinematic concerns with commercial interest. The connection between business and films can be seen as one of the festival’s greatest strengths but it is also at the heart of the festival’s strongest criticism and as will be explored, potentially the greatest risk to the festivals long-term survival. This study will also consider how PIFF’s emphasis on regionalism has overcome nationalist concerns and seen it embrace its neighbours, including its recent oppressor and rival Japan to gain international prestige. As will be examined below, the story of PIFF’s creation contains many fascinating factors - but the festival was not created in a vacuum and as might be expected from the entertainment industry, many conflicting factors were to lead to it success.
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함정에 의해 발생하는 수중 지자계 외란신호 분리방법에 대한 연구
李康珍(Kang-Jin Lee),梁昌燮(Chang-Seop Yang),鄭賢株(Hyun-Ju Jung),金東勳(Dong-Hun Kim) 대한전기학회 2007 전기학회논문지 Vol.56 No.8
Magnetic anomaly generated around a ship is mainly due to the permanent magnetization(PM) and induced magnetization(PM) remaining on the hull. It is very difficult to predict the direction and its magnitude of the permanent magnetization distributed over the hull, that is caused by mechanical or thermal stress. In this paper, an effective method is proposed to separate two components, the one produced by PM and the other by IM, from the underwater earth field signal distorted by the ferromagnetic material of the ship. The method can easily provide the two kinds of magnetic anomaly through exploiting experimental results and 3D electromagnetic field analyses even though the PM distribution on the hull is not known. To validate the proposed method, a model ship is manufactured and tested. The results would be of much help to basis research for securing safe navigation of a ship against dangerous factors in underwater.
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