Acute Hypoxia Activates an ENaC-like Channel in Rat Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Cells

배연주,유재철,박남미,강다원,황은미,박재용,홍성근,한재희 대한약리학회 2013 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.17 No.1

Cells can resist and even recover from stress induced by acute hypoxia, whereas chronic hypoxia often leads to irreversible damage and eventually death. Although little is known about the response(s)to acute hypoxia in neuronal cells, alterations in ion channel activity could be preferential. This study aimed to elucidate which channel type is involved in the response to acute hypoxia in rat pheochromocytomal (PC12) cells as a neuronal cell model. Using perfusing solution saturated with 95%N2 and 5% CO2, induction of cell hypoxia was confirmed based on increased intracellular Ca2+ with diminished oxygen content in the perfusate. During acute hypoxia, one channel type with a conductance of about 30 pS (2.5 pA at╶80 mV) was activated within the first 2~3 min following onset of hypoxia and was long-lived for more than 300 ms with high open probability (Po, up to 0.8). This channel was permeable to Na+ ions, but not to K+, Ca+, and Cl╶ ions, and was sensitively blocked by amiloride (200 nM). These characteristics and behaviors were quite similar to those of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). RT-PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed that ENaC channel was endogenously expressed in PC12 cells. Taken together, a 30-pS ENaC-like channel was activated in response to acute hypoxia in PC12 cells. This is the first evidence of an acute hypoxia-activated Na+ channel that can contribute to depolarization of the cell.

안경원의 휴업 및 가격 만족도에 관한 조사연구

배연주,김정복,김기홍 대한시과학회 2015 대한시과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Purpose: This study was about survey on perception toward optician’s shop holiday and satisfaction of spectacles and contact lens price, according to survey target. Methods: We were conducted to questionnaires survey to opticians, ophthalmic optics students and consumers in Daegu·Gyeongbuk, Busan·Gyeongnam. The contents of questionnaires was about the biweekly holiday to optician's shop, the price of spectacles and contact lens and the cost about optometry and fitting. Results: Based on the five-point scale, each results of biweekly holiday survey were opticians, customers and students 4.17±1.19, 3.65±0.93, 3.75±0.99 points, the optician's group showed the highest score. Result on price satisfaction, optician's group was also the highest average score(3.69±1.06, 3.67±0.94). Besides, in all group survey, the price satisfaction of spectacles was higher than contact lenses. And Comments on the optometry and the fitting costs were 60% in favor. Conclusions: Survey result of biweekly holiday and satisfaction of price were above average in all group(3.27±1.06, 3.19±1.03), but customer's group was the lowest score(3.25±1.09, 3.04±1.09). Particularly, survey result of price satisfaction was found that customer's group was most difference. It showed that customer group's price satisfaction of contact lenses was the lowest. In addition results for optometry and fitting costs showed a difference in the optician's groups and customer's groups. For complement to this, enhance the credibility, and the atmosphere that we can request the cost of optometry and fitting is to be the composition. 목 적: 본 연구는 조사 대상에 따른 안경원의 휴업과 안경 및 콘택트렌즈의 가격 만족도를 설문조사를 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 대구·경북, 부산·경남에 있는 안경사와 안경광학과 학생, 고객에게 설문을 실시하였다. 설문의 내용은 안경원 휴업에 대한 의견과 안경 및 콘택트렌즈 가격에 대한 의견, 그리고 검안 및 피팅 비용 청구에 대한 의견이었다. 결 과: 휴업에 대한 의견은 5점 만점을 기준으로 안경사, 안경광학과 학생, 고객의 평균값은 각각 4.17±1.19, 3.65±0.93, 3.75±0.99점으로 안경사그룹이 가장 높은 점수가 나타났다. 가격 만족도에 대한 의견도 안경사그룹이 가장 평균점수가 높았다(3.69±1.06, 3.67±0.94). 또 모든 조사대상에 있어서 안경의 판매가격이 콘택트렌즈보다 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 검안 및 피팅 비용에 관한 의견은 60%가 찬성으로 나타났다. 결 론: 격주 휴업과 가격 만족도에 대한 결과는 모든 그룹에서 평균 이상의 점수였으나(3.27±1.06, 3.19±1.03), 그 중 고객그룹의 점수가 가장 낮았다(3.25±1.09, 3.04±1.09). 특히 가격에 대한 만족도 조사 결과 고객그룹이 가장 차이가 크게 나타났는데 이는 고객그룹에서 콘택트렌즈 가격에 대한 만족도가 떨어진다는 것을 보여준다. 또 검안 및 피팅 비용에 대한 결과는 안경사 그룹과 고객그룹에서 차이를 보여, 이를 보완하기 위하여 신뢰도를 높이고 검사 및 피팅 비용을 청구할 수 있는 분위기가 조성되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

유상증자와 전환사채발행은 무엇이 다른가?

배연주,정제련 한국산업경제학회 2009 산업경제연구 Vol.22 No.4

본 연구는 정보비대칭의 문제로 인해 유상증자의 매력이 약화되면, 기업은 전환사채발행을 통해 주식을 우회적으로 발행한다는 Stein(1992)의 우회주식발행가설(backdoor equity financing hypothesis)을 중심으로 한국시장에서 기업의 유상증자와 전환사채발행 간에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 연구결과 정보비대칭성의 문제는 기업의 유상증자와 전환사채 발행 간의 의사결정에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 증권발행방식에 따른 투자자 그룹의 성격은 정보비대칭성과 높은 관련성을 가지며, 기업의 유상증자와 전환사채발행 간의 선택에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전환사채발행의 전통적인 유인으로 지적되는 정보비대칭 비용완화는 본 연구에서도 강하게 지지되었으며, 재무곤경비용과 재무적 특성에 관한 가설 역시 지지되었다. 재무곤경비용이 큰 기업은 전환사채의 주식전환이 기대되지 않는 상황에서 추가적으로 부채를 발행하면 심각한 비용을 유발하기 때문이다. 따라서 상대적으로 재무곤경비용이 높은 기업은 전환사채발행 보다는 유상증자를 통하여 재무곤경비용을 줄이려하는 것으로 나타났다. 비슷한 이유로 수익성과 성장성 등 재무건전성이 낮은 기업은 전환사채발행 보다는 유상증자를 선호한다는 사실도 확인되었다. 또한 기업가치가 상대적으로 고평가된 경우 경영자는 자금조달수단으로 전환사채발행 보다는 유상증자를 선호하였다. 마지막으로 시장위험이 높거나 금리가 상승할 경우에는 전환사채발행을 선호하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 Stein(1992)을 포함하여 증권선택-특히, 전환사채발행에 영향을 미치는 요인의 탐구에 관한 기존 이론은 한국시장에서도 적용되는 것으로 나타났다. Stein(1992) proposed backdoor equity financing hypothesis that corporations may use convertible bonds as an indirect way to get equity into their capital structures when adverse-selection problems make a conventional stock issue unattractive. This paper discusses the factors affecting corporations' choice between seasoned equity offerings and convertible bond issuance in Korean market. This paper finds information asymmetricity problem is one of the most important factors to corporations' choice. Like other previous studies about convertibles bond issuance, an incentive to reduce the cost of information asymmetricity gives a rationale for the use of convertible debt. Especially, the characteristics of investors group, assumed to be associated with asymmetric information, are closely related whether corporations give signal the market by choosing the types of financing instrument. Also, another rationale regarding corporations' financial characteristics is empirically supported. A high-levered firm is difficult to issue convertible debt because stock conversion is relatively unexpected so that additional debt can lead to excess cost of financial distress. In line with this rationale, a financial healthiness of firm in terms of growth, Profitability, and turnover is positively associated with convertible debt issuance. Corporations are willing to issue seasoned stock rather than convertible bonds when the market value is relatively overvalued. Finally, higher market volatility and interest rate induce corporations to issue convertible bonds. This paper concludes that most of previous prominent explanations about choice of financial instruments, especially purpose of convertible bond issuance, are empirically supported in Korean market. This empirical test is meaningful in the sense of whether previous works regarding equity choice is valid or not in Korea.

기자재 라이브러리 구축을 위한 3D 형상, 사양, 및 포트 정합 시스템 설계

배연주(Yoen Ju Bae),이재선(Jaesun Lee),김병철(Byung Chul Kim),문두환(Duhwan Mun) 대한기계학회 2016 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2016 No.12

3.1 운동 역사적 의미의 제고를 위한 삼일대로 재개발 계획 - 서울특별시 종로구 인사동 삼일대로 재개발계획안 -

배연주(Bae, Yeon-Ju),지성환(Ji, Sung-Hwan),이윤희(Lee, Yunhee) 한국주거학회 2019 한국주거학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.31 No.2

The city of Seoul planned to create Samil-daero, the birthplace of the March 1st Movement, as a historic space as part of the 100th anniversary of the March 1st Movement in 2019. It was not enough to revive its meaning because it could not be realized. In addition, although the March 1st Movement celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2019, it is reported that there are few families who have raised the national flag, and thus there is a lack of public awareness about the March 1st Movement. In the Insa-dong, Samil-daero, the base of the March 1st Movement, there is no memorial hall to commemorate the March 1st Movement. Therefore, in order to cultivate the meaning and history of the March 1st Movement, it was planned to redevelop as the base of the March 1st Movement through the redevelopment to examine the interests, identities, national consciousness, historical pride, unity, and opportunities for the establishment and development of the government. We will redevelop the March 1st Memorial Memorial Hall, Citizens" Experience Hall, National PR Center, 100 Memorial Hall, and three-bagger .3.1 Days Street to remind people of forgotten citizenship and historical values. The plan is to raise the unity and value by spreading the three-day streets and to publicize the March 1st Movement. These spaces represented the passage of time of the day, remembering the historical flow, and praying for a change of consciousness through experience and wishing for the future rise of the nation through mourning. In order to recreate the space of historical meaning, it is evaluated and reflected in the plan. In addition, Citizens will participate to resolve the lack of citizenship, and the complex cultural facility will be established to revive the meaning of the March 1st Movement and to empathize with anyone. Through these spatial plans, we will convey accurate information about the March 1st Movement, increase its value, and remind us of our identity, citizenship, historical pride and national spirit.

플랜트 3D CAD 시스템과 중립 모델 간의 배관 부품 스펙-카탈로그 데이터 번역 시스템 개발

배연주(Yoenju Bae),이현오(Hyunoh Lee),이광(Gwang Lee),문두환(Duhwan Mun),한순흥(Soonhung Han) 대한기계학회 2019 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.43 No.9

플랜트 건설 프로젝트에서 3D 설계 데이터는 전 생애 주기 동안에 여러 가지 목적으로 사용된다. 그리고 플랜트 3D CAD 시스템은 스펙-카탈로그 기반의 3D 모델링을 방법을 지원한다. 따라서 3D 설계모델에 포함된 스펙-카탈로그 데이터를 다른 응용 시스템과 공유하는 것이 중요하다. 이를 위해서 플랜트 3D CAD 시스템으로부터 스펙-카탈로그 데이터를 추출하여 중립 모델 데이터로 변환해 주는 시스템의 개발이 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 중립 스펙-카탈로그 데이터의 구조를 정의한다. 그리고 고유 스펙-카탈로그 데이터를 중립 스펙-카탈로그 데이터로 변환하는 절차를 제안한다. 그리고 스펙-카탈로그 데이터 변환 절차를 지원하는 프로토타입 변환 시스템을 구현한다. 마지막으로 테스트 모델에 대해서 배관부품의 스펙-카탈로그 데이터를 변환하는 실험을 수행하여 제안한 방법을 검증한다. In a plant construction project, 3D design data is used for various purposes throughout the life cycle. The plant 3D CAD system supports the 3D modeling based on specs-catalogs. It is therefore important to share the speccatalog data contained in the 3D design model with other application systems. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop a system that extracts spec-catalog data from the plant 3D CAD system and converts it into neutral model data. In this paper, we define the structure of neutral specification-catalog data. Then, we propose a procedure to translate the spec-catalog data from native to neutral, and develop a prototype system accordingly. Finally, the proposed method of converting the spec-catalog data of fitting parts is experimentally verified for the test model.

안경원의 휴업 및 가격 만족도에 관한 조사연구

배연주,김정복,김기홍 대한시과학회 2015 대한시과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

목 적: 본 연구는 조사 대상에 따른 안경원의 휴업과 안경 및 콘택트렌즈의 가격 만족도를 설문조사를 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 대구·경북, 부산·경남에 있는 안경사와 안경광학과 학생, 고객에게 설문을 실시하였다. 설문의 내용은 안경원 휴업에 대한 의견과 안경 및 콘택트렌즈 가격에 대한 의견, 그리고 검안 및 피팅 비용 청구에 대한 의견이었다. 결 과: 휴업에 대한 의견은 5점 만점을 기준으로 안경사, 안경광학과 학생, 고객의 평균값은 각각 4.17±1.19, 3.65±0.93, 3.75±0.99점으로 안경사그룹이 가장 높은 점수가 나타났다. 가격 만족도에 대한 의견도 안경사그룹이 가장 평균점수가 높았다(3.69±1.06, 3.67±0.94). 또 모든 조사대상에 있어서 안경의 판매가격이 콘택트렌즈보다 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 검안 및 피팅 비용에 관한 의견은 60% 가 찬성으로 나타났다. 결 론: 격주 휴업과 가격 만족도에 대한 결과는 모든 그룹에서 평균 이상의 점수였으나(3.27±1.06, 3.19±1.03), 그 중 고객그룹의 점수가 가장 낮았다(3.25±1.09, 3.04±1.09). 특히 가격에 대한 만족도 조 사 결과 고객그룹이 가장 차이가 크게 나타났는데 이는 고객그룹에서 콘택트렌즈 가격에 대한 만족도가 떨 어진다는 것을 보여준다. 또 검안 및 피팅 비용에 대한 결과는 안경사 그룹과 고객그룹에서 차이를 보여, 이 를 보완하기 위하여 신뢰도를 높이고 검사 및 피팅 비용을 청구할 수 있는 분위기가 조성되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. Purpose: This study was about survey on perception toward optician’s shop holiday and satisfaction of spectacles and contact lens price, according to survey target. Methods: We were conducted to questionnaires survey to opticians, ophthalmic optics students and consumers in Daegu·Gyeongbuk, Busan·Gyeongnam. The contents of questionnaires was about the biweekly holiday to optician's shop, the price of spectacles and contact lens and the cost about optometry and fitting. Results: Based on the five-point scale, each results of biweekly holiday survey were opticians, customers and students 4.17±1.19, 3.65±0.93, 3.75±0.99 points, the optician's group showed the highest score. Result on price satisfaction, optician's group was also the highest average score(3.69±1.06, 3.67±0.94). Besides, in all group survey, the price satisfaction of spectacles was higher than contact lenses. And Comments on the optometry and the fitting costs were 60% in favor. Conclusions: Survey result of biweekly holiday and satisfaction of price were above average in all group(3.27±1.06, 3.19±1.03), but customer's group was the lowest score(3.25±1.09, 3.04±1.09). Particularly, survey result of price satisfaction was found that customer's group was most difference. It showed that customer group's price satisfaction of contact lenses was the lowest. In addition results for optometry and fitting costs showed a difference in the optician's groups and customer's groups. For complement to this, enhance the credibility, and the atmosphere that we can request the cost of optometry and fitting is to be the composition.

중립 모델과 플랜트 3D CAD 시스템간의 기자재 카탈로그 데이터 번역 시스템 개발

배연주(Yoenju Bae),박찬석(Chanseok Park),문두환(Duhwan Mun),한순흥(Soonhung Han) (사)한국CDE학회 2018 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.23 No.2

In a process plant project, diverse stakeholders use different plant 3D CAD systems for basic and detail designs. Plant design using a plant 3D CAD system needs catalog library for equipment and materials such as pipes, fittings, and equipment. Building catalog library based on a neutral model and using it at plant 3D CAD systems increase the usability of the library and decrease time required for the construction of a catalog library for a specific project. To accomplish this, a system to support translation of a neutral catalog data to a native catalog data of a plant 3D CAD system. In this paper, three data structures are defined for the translation between neutral and native catalogs: a neutral data structure used for storing equipment and materials’ classification and their catalogs, a data structure storing mapping data between neutral and native catalog data, and a data structure for auxiliary information. After the definition of data structures, a system to support the translation is designed. Finally, a prototype system is implemented according to the design and experiments with test cases were performed to verify the feasibility of the prototype system.

기자재 라이브러리 구축을 위한 3D 형상, 사양 및 포트 정합 시스템의 개발

배연주(Yoenju Bae),이재선(Jaesun Lee),김병철(Byung Chul Kim),김성한(Seong Han Kim),문두환(Duhwan Mun) (사)한국CDE학회 2017 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.22 No.3

In process plant projects, plant 3D CAD systems are used for basic and detail designs. Plant 3D CAD systems typically adopt the specification-driven modelling approach in which designers choose a modeling template called catalog for a plant item from a predefined modeling library, instantiate the selected template, and then placing it in the 3D design space. Therefore, equipment and materials catalog library should be constructed in order to support plant design using a plant 3D CAD system. The catalog typically consists of 3D shape, specifications, and ports which are generated by different systems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system which integrates 3D shape, specifications, and ports to create input data for the catalog library. In order to address this issue, a data structure for the catalog was first defined. A system to create catalog data by integrating 3D shape, specifications, and ports was then designed. According to the design, a prototype system was implemented and experiments using test cases were performed to verify the feasibility of the prototype system.

플랜트 3D CAD시스템들 간의 스펙-카탈로그 데이터 교환을 위한 중립 모델 정의

배연주(Y. Bae),문두환(D. Mun),한순흥(S. Han) 한국기계가공학회 2018 한국기계가공학회 춘추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.4