국립공원 내 공중화장실에 대한 탐방객 인식에 관한 연구 : 지리산국립공원을 중심으로

이호(Ho Lee),이승록(Seung-Rok Lee),박기현(Ki-Hyun Park),박은희(Eun-Hee Park),차진열(Jin-Yeol Cha),심규원(Kyu-Won Sim),강동원(Dong-Won Gang) 국립공원연구원 2011 국립공원연구지 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구는 공원 내 공중화장실에 대한 탐방객의 인식이 만족도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 수행하였다. 현지 설문조사는 지리산국립공원의 성삼재와 중산리 일원을 방문한 탐방객 292명을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 분석결과, 공중화장실의 관리상태, 외관, 디자인 요인 모두 탐방객의 공중화장실 이용 만족에 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었으며, 그 중 관리상태가 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 탐방객의 인식과 만족을 향상시키기 위해서는 공중화장실의 청결한 관리 및 유지, 악취 방지, 소모품의 원활한 공급 등에 우선순위를 두어 집중적으로 관리할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. This study conducts to investigate the relationship between visitors’ perception and satisfaction. Data of 292 visitors were collected from Seongsamjae and Jungsanri in Jirisan National Park. The results showed that maintenance, outlook and design of public toilet are positively related to visitors’ satisfaction. One of the major research findings is that the maintenance of public toilet most affects visitors’ satisfaction. Therefore, the park managers need to put great emphasis on the cleanliness and maintenance, preventing stinks, consumable supplies of public toilet in order to enhance visitors’ perception and satisfaction.

보철물 장착후 골 유착성 임플란트 변연골 소실에 관한 방사선학적 연구

박기현,한동후,Park, Ki-Hyun,Han, Dong-Hoo 대한치과보철학회 1998 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.36 No.6

Regular radiographic examination has been considered as an essential diagnostic method for the osseointegrated dental implantation. This study investigated the marginal bone loss through the measurement on the periapical radiograph around 46 endosseous dental implants. Marginal bone loss have been observed for 5 years after delivery of prostheses. The results were as follows : 1. According to the experimental periods, average marginal bone loss in total implant was 1.821mm in the first year, 1.833mm in the second, 1.892mm at third, 1.910mm at forth and 1.957mm at fifth after delivery of prostheses(P<0.05). 2. The average bone loss was 1.832mm in the maxillae and 1.819mm in the mandible in three years but there was no significant difference between the upper and lower jaw(P>0.05). 3. The average bone loss was 1.824mm in males and 1.818mm in females in five years but there was no significant difference according to the sex(P>0.05). These results indicate that the most of the alveolar bone loss occur within the first year after delivery of dental prostheses resulting in the exposure of polished neck positions, and the bone level stabilizes at first thread portion of the implant fixtures.

발암의 생화학적 표지로서 폴리아민에 관한 연구 (I) -다핵 방향족 탄화수소와 니트로 화합물이 흰쥐의 폴리아민 수준에 미치는 영향-

박기현,김정락,Park, Ki-Hyun,Khim, Jung-Rock 생화학분자생물학회 1982 한국생화학회지 Vol.15 No.3

흰쥐(Sprague-Dawley, ♀, 130~150 g)에 PAH계열 화합물 중 3-methylcholanthrene(MC, 100mg)과 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene(DMBA, 20 mg)을 각각 1회 경구투여 하고 nitroso 화합물 중 diethylnitrosamine(DEN, 30mg)과 diethanolnitrosamine (DELN, 30mg)을 흰쥐 (Sprague-Dawley, ♂, 130~150g)에 각각 1회 복강주사한 후 발암성과 관련하여 50일 동안 흰쥐 간의 polyamine (spermidine, spermine) 농도 변화를 경시적으로 관찰하였다. 그 결과 화합물 투여 후 5일에 spermidine의 농도는 유의성있는 증가 현상을 보였으며 15일에 이르러 대조군에 비하여 약 2배로 최고 수준을 나타냈다. 그리고 15일 이후 20일 사이에 급격히 감소한 후 20일 이후에 다시 증가하여 약 1.7배 수준을 유지하였다. 그러나 DMBA 투여에 의한 spermidine의 농도 변화는 위의 결과와는 다소 달리 10일에 최고 수준을 보안 후 완만한 감소 경향을 나타냈다. 한편 spermine 농도는 50일 동안의 관찰 기간 중 별다른 변화를 보이지 않았다. Changes in polyamine content in the liver of rat were investigated after a single oral dose with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (3-methylcholanthrene, 100mg; 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, 20mg) and a single i.p. injection with nitrosamines (diethylnitrosamine, 30mg; diethanolnitrosamine, 30mg), respectively. Spermiddlne concentrations showed considerable increase on day 5 after chemical administration and elevated to a level about 2 times higher than that of controls on day 15. Spermidines of these maximal levels on day 15 were markedly decreased later, but slightly increased again after 20 days and appeared to remain 1.7 fold as compared controls until 50 days. In the case of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene- treated rat, spermidine concentration was a maximal level on day 10 and decreased progressively later. Spermine concentrations were not exhibited a characteristic changes during the period studied.

유도물질에 의한 휜쥐조직의 Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase 수준비교와 간장에서 Cytochrome P - 450s 의 동위효소 유도

박기현,김정렬 ( Ki Hyun Park,Chung Ryul Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회 1984 BMB Reports Vol.17 No.1

The induction levels of microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydrosylase (AHHase, EC 1.14.14.1) in tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats (male, 160-180g) were investigated after i.p. administration with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), phenobarbital (Pb), catechol and ethyl alcohol, or these mixtures. 3-MC, 3MC+ethyl alcohol or Pb treatment significantly induced AHHase level in all the groups tested, whereas AHHase activities by treatment of ethyl alcohol or catechol had not reached that of 3-MC or Pb in liver. When rats were treated with mixture of 3-MC and catechol, kidney was the tissue most sensitive to induction of AHHase in all cases. Pb-induced P-450 content was greatly higher than that of 3-MC, but apparent AHHase induction was observed in the livers of rats treated 3-MC as compared to that of the corresponding Pb. There was because the patterns of induction of AHHase activities by Pb or 3-MC were not only very different, but induction levels of P-450 isozymes (P-450-a, P-450-b, P-450-c, P-450-d) from liver were also different. The Pb-monoclonal antibody inhibited about 30~ of the AHHase activities of Pb-induced liver microsome at a concentration of 200~g ascites fluid protein per reaction mixture (㎖) . The liver microsome from 3-MCtreated rats also were inhibited about 70% of the AHHase activity by 3-MC-monoclonal antibody. These results demonstrate that the high induction of 30% of P-450-b and 70% of P-450-c in total P-450s of rat liver microsomes by Pb or 3-MC treatment, respectively.

고성능 병렬화일 시스템을 위한 디스크 할당 방법

박기현,Park, Kee-Hyun 한국정보처리학회 2000 정보처리논문지 Vol.7 No.9

최근, 멀티미디어 정보처리와 같은 대규모 데이터 처리에 필수적인 입출력 시스템의 성능을 높이기 위하여 많은 관심이 집중되고 있으며, 고성능 병렬화일 시스템에 관한 연구도 이런 노력에 속한다. 본 연구에서는 고성능 병렬화일 시스템을 위한 효율적인 디스크 할당 방법을 제안한다. 즉, 병렬화일의 자료 분산(data declustering)특성을 이용하여 병렬화일에 대한 병렬도 개념을 정의하고, 이를 기반으로 여러 병렬화일들이 동시에 처리되는 경우에, 최대의 작업처리량(throughput)을 얻기 위한 각 병렬화일에 적합한 디스크상의 자료 분산 정도를 계산하는 방법을 제안한다. 또한 동시에 처리되는 병렬화일들이 많이 늘어날수록, 최대의 작업처리량을 얻기 위한 계산이 너무 복잡해지므로, 효율적인 근사 디스크 할당 알고리즘도 아울러 제안한다. 제안된 근사 알고리즘은 계산이 간단하고, 특히 입출력 작업부하(workload)가 높은 환경에서는 매우 효율적임을 보여준다. 또한 입출력 요구들의 도착 비율이 무한대일 경우, 근사 알고리즘만을 이용하여도 최대 작업처리량을 위한 최적 디스크 할당을 얻을 수 있음을 증명하였다. In recent years, much attention has been focused on improving I/O devices' processing speed which is essential in such large data processing areas as multimedia data processing. And studies on high-performance parallel file systems are considered to be one of such efforts. In this paper, an efficient disk allocation scheme is proposed for high-performance parallel file systems. In other words, the concept of a parallel disk file's parallelism is defined using data declustering characteristic of a given parallel file. With the concept, an efficient disk allocation scheme is proposed which calculates the appropriate degree of data declustering on disks for each parallel file in order to obtain the maximum throughput when more than one parallel file is used at the same time. Since, calculation for obtaining the maximum throughput is too complex as the number of parallel files increases, an approximate disk allocation algorithm is also proposed in this paper. The approximate algorithm is very simple and especially provides very good results when I/O workload is high. In addition, it has shown that the approximate algorithm provides the optimal disk allocation for the maximum throughput when the arrival rate of I/O requests is infinite.

CMP 패드 강성에 따른 산화막 불균일성(WIWNU)에 관한 연구

박기현,정재우,박범영,서헌덕,이현섭,정해도,Park, Ki-Hyun,Jung, Jae-Woo,Park, Boum-Young,Seo, Heon-Deok,Lee, Hyun-Seop,Jeong, Hae-Do 한국전기전자재료학회 2005 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.18 No.6

Within wafer non-uniformity(WIWNU) improves as the stiffness of pad decrease. We designed the pad groove to study of pad stiffness on WIWNU in Chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) and measured the pad stiffness according to groove width. The groove influences effective pad stiffness although original mechanical properties of pad are unchanged by grooving. Also, it affects the flow of slurry that has an effect on the lubrication regime and polishing results. An Increase of the apparent contact area of pad by groove width results in decrease of effective pad stiffness. WIWNU and profile of removal tate improved as effective pad stiffness decreased. Because grooving the pad reduce its effective stiffness and it makes slurry distribution to be uniform. Futhermore, it ensures that pad conforms to wafer-scale flatness variability. By grooving the top pad, it is possible to reduce its stiffness and hence reduce WIWNU and edge effect.

연마불균일도에 영향을 미치는 패드 표면특성에 관한 연구

박기현,박범영,김형재,정해도,Park, Ki-Hyun,Park, Boum-Young,Kim, Hyoung-Jae,Jeong, Hae-Do 한국전기전자재료학회 2006 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.19 No.4

Pad surface characteristics such as roughness, groove and wear rate of pad have a effect on the within wafer non-uniformity(WIWNU) in chemical mechanical polishing(CMP). Although WIWNU increases as the uniformity of roughness(Rpk: Reduced peak height) becomes worse in an early stage of polishing time, WIWNU decreases as non-uniformity of the Rpk value. Also, WIWNU decreases with the reduction of the pad stiffness, though original mechanical properties of pad are unchanged by the grooving process. In addition, conditioning process causes the inequality of pad wear during in CMP. The profile of pad wear generated by the conditioning process has a significant effect on the WIWNU. These experiments results could help to understand the effect of pad surface characteristics in CMP.

Effects of 3-Methylcholanthrene on DNA Damages and Replication Inhibition in the Presence of Metabolic Activation System

박기현,이정섭,이형호,박상대,Park, Ki-Hyun,Lee, Jung-Sup,Lee, Hyung-Ho,Park, Sang-Dai 생화학분자생물학회 1985 한국생화학회지 Vol.18 No.2

CHO-KI 세포를 재료로 발암 전구물질인 3-methylcholanthrene(3-MC)에 의한 DNA사 절단, 비주기성 DNA합성 및 복제억제에 마치는 영향을 쥐의 간 상등액(5-15)과 NADPH를 조효소로 하는 대사활성계를 이용하여 알키리 유출법, 자기방사법 및 알카리 농도구배 초원심 분리법으로 조사하였다. 3-MC를 S-15으로 활성화시키지 않을 경우 24시간 처리에도 비주기성 DNA합성이나 DNA사절단을 거의 일으키지 않았다. 그러나 S-15과 함께 3-MC를 1시간 처리하였을 경우 비주기성 DNA 합성과 DNA단사 절단율이 농도증가에 따라 증가하였으며, hydroxyurea와 ara-C를 후처리 하였을 때 현저한 DNA단사 축적양상이 보였다. 그리고 유발된 단사절단의 회복에 있어서는 3시간 이상의 시간에도 대조군 수준으로 회복되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 3-MC가 DNA상해요인으로 작용하기 위해서는 대사활성이 반드시 필요하며 자외선형의 상해유발 물질임을 암시한다. 또한, DNA복제양상은 농도에 비 례 DNA합성률이 억제되면서, $10^{-6}\;M$ 이하의 농도에서는 DNA복제 개시 (replicon initiation)가, 그 이상의 농도에서는 DNA복제개시와 DNA사 생장(chain elongation)의 동시 억제양상이 보였다. DNA strand breaks and replication inhibition by 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) were determined in the presence or absence of metabolic activation in CHO-KI cells. DNA strand breaks were induced in a small extent by 3-MC for 24 hr treatment. However, the single strand breaks were effectively induced by 3-MC for 1 hr treatment with the metabolic activation system. The production of strand breaks were remarkably increased by post-incubation with hydorxyurea and ara-C. At low doses below $10^{-6}\;M$, inhibition of replicon initiation was observed, at higher doses non-specific inhibition of both replicon initiation and chain growth was shown.

자궁근종시 LHRH agonist (D-Trp6-LHRH) 치료에 따른 근종세포내 미세구조의 변화

박기현,신명철,이보연,이병석,송찬호,Park, K.H.,Shin, M.C.,Lee, B.Y.,Lee, B.S.,Song, C.H. 대한생식의학회 1991 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.18 No.2

Long-term administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone(LHRH) agonists, through a process of pituitary desensitization and down-regulation of receptors, inhibits the secretion of gonadotropin and sex-steroids and induces a reversible suppression of gonadal activity. This approach can be used as an effective endocrine therapy for some hormone-dependent tumors. We have used D-Trp6-LHRH, a long acting LHRH agonist, for the treatment of eleven patients with uterine leiomyomas, thereafter myomectomy was performed in seven cases and observed the ultrastructural changes of leiomyoma with an electron microscope. The use of LHRH agonist may be effective in reducing the size of a myoma considerably by primarily inducing medical hypophysectomy and would allow easier surgical removal. Electron microscopic findings of myoma cells after the use of LHRH agonist included the following: loss of cristae and swelling nuclear chromatin, perinuclear vacuolation in cytoplasm. Bone mineral density was slightly decreased, however, the difference was not statistically significant.

A Decrease in the Circulating Levels of Immunoreactive Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 (IGFBP-1) after Endometrial Ablation

박기현,송지홍,박원일,이병석,조동제,송찬호,Park, K.H.,Song, J.H.,Park, W.I.,Lee, B.S.,Cho, D.J.,Song, C.H. The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 1994 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.21 No.3

자궁내막이 생체내 insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1(IGFBP-1)의 혈중치를 유지하는데 얼마나 관여하는지를 평가해 보았다. Immunoreactive IGFBP-1의 혈중치의 측정을 위하여, 월경과다를 주소로 내원한 19명의 환자를 대상으로, gynecologic resectoscopy로 자궁내막 박리를 시행하였다. 자궁내막 박리를 시행한 환자의 혈중 IGFBP-1의 평균치는, 시행전과 비교할 때 감소된 소견을 보였으며, 월경주기와는 상관관계가 없었다. 이러한 소견으로 보아, 자궁내막이 혈중 IGFBP-1의 생성원의 하나로 사료되었다.