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수술 후 부갑상선기능저하증 환자에서 발생한 우유-알칼리 증후군
김철수,김부경,최영식,박요한,권수경,Cheol Su Kim,Bukyung Kim,Young Sik Choi,Yo-Han Park,Su Kyoung Kwon 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2014 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.14 No.2
Calcium plays a critical role in neuromuscular excitement and other cellular functions. Therefore, extracellular calcium concentration is maintained within a very narrow range through interaction of calcium regulating hormones such as parathyroid hormone, cal-citonin, and vitamin D. Thus, symptomatic severe hypercalcemia has rarely occurred in a clinical situation, particularly in patients with hypoparathyroidism. In general, a large amount of calcium and vitamin D should be supplied in order to avoid hypocalcemia in hypoparathyroid patients. A 63-year old female patient was admitted suffering from nausea, vomiting, and weakness for two weeks. She had a history of total thyroidectomy and subsequent permanent hypoparathyroidism and long-term calcium and vitamin D supplementation. For over 10 years she had not changed her daily amount of calcium and vitamin D intake. Her initial serum calcium was 17.5 mg/dL, creatinine was 2.57 mg/dL, and total CO2 was 33.1 meq/L. After thorough examination, we concluded that milk-alkali syndrome was the cause of severe hypercalcemia. Therefore, special pay attention should be paid to aged patients on calcium supplementation in situations of increased risk of dehydration and renal insufficiency, even though the usual amount of calcium intake was unchanged for several years.
Mn-Ni계 산화물 박막의 특성에 대한 기판과 열처리 온도의 영향
김철수,최성호,이용성,조병렬,김병수,Kim, Cheol-Su,Cho, Seong-Ho,Lee, Yong-Seong,Cho, Byeong-Ryeol,Kim, Byeong-Su 한국재료학회 1998 한국재료학회지 Vol.8 No.5
RF magnetron sputter로 알루미나 기판 위에 증착한 NTC 써미스터용 Mn-Ni계 산화물 박막의 기판온도 변화와 열처리에 따른 미세구조, 결정상, 비저항, B정수 변화에 관하여 연구하였다. 미세구조는 $178^{\circ}C$이하에서 증착한 막의 경우 fibrous microcrystalline이었고, $320^{\circ}C$와 $400^{\circ}C$에서는 columnar grain 구조로 바뀌었다. 또한, 90$0^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 박막의 경우 equiaxed grain 형태의 미세구조를 나타내었다. 박막의 결정상은 대부분 입방 스피넬(cubic spinel)상과 $Mn_{2}$$O_{3}$ 상이 공존하였고, $400^{\circ}C$에서 증착한 경우 $700^{\circ}C$이상에서 열처리하면 입방 스피넬의 단상으로 바뀌었다. 기판온도가 증가함에 따라 비저항과 B정수도 급격하게 감소하였으며, $600^{\circ}C$~$700^{\circ}C$로 열처리할 경우 이 값들이 대체로 낮고 안정된 특성을 보였다. 본 연구의 박막 시편들은 모두 NTC 써미스터의 특성을 나타내었다. Mn-Ni oxide thin films for NTC thermistor application were deposited on alumina substrates by using rf magnetron sputter. Effects of various substrate temperatures and annealing temperatures on the microstructure. crystal phase, resistivity and B constant were investigated. Microstructure of the films deposited below 178$^{\circ}C$ was fibrous microcrystalline and at 32$0^{\circ}C$and 40$0^{\circ}C$their microstructure was changed to columnar grain structure. After annealing at 90$0^{\circ}C$, the microstructure was transformed to equiaxed grain structure. Most of the phases were mixture of cubic spinel and $Mn_2O_2$ The crystal phase of the film deposited at 40$0^{\circ}C$ was changed to cubic spinel after annealing above 700"c. As the substrate temperature increased, the resistivity and B constant were greatly decreased, and these values become low and stable after annealing between $600^{\circ}C$and $700^{\circ}C$, All thin films deposited in the present study showed NTC thermistor characteristicsstics.
김철수,Kim, Cheol-Su 벤처기업협회 2007 벤처다이제스트 Vol.104 No.-
작은 고추가 맵다고 한다. 면적 6971$km^2$, 인구 448만 명. 서울만한 도시국가 싱가포르. 그러나 어느 선진국보다 기업하기 좋은 나라로 금융, 서비스, 아시아 무역의 허브 역할을 담당하는 나라가 바로 싱가포르이다. 이번 호에서는 싱가포르의 산업의 특성과 현재 진행중인 NEW PLAN에 대해 정리해본다.