충남방언 활용에서의 음성모음화

김정태(Jeong-tae Kim) 어문연구학회 2006 어문연구 Vol.51 No.-

The vowel harmony is one of the phonological phenomena which is represented by connecting to similar series of vowels. In these days, this vowel harmony has remained as a type of fossilization in modern Korean. That is the "-아/어’ alternation, adverb conjunctive endings as a result of diachronic variation. This variation is regarded to diachronic vowel harmony and also is described as a kind of assimilation. However, Lee Byeong-geun(1976), Kim Ju-won(1999), Lee Mun-Gyu(2004) described that vowel harmony is not an assimilation in modern Korean any more. So this study assumed that there are positive and negative ending synchronically. That is, it is considered being fossilized as vowel harmony in diachronic phonology. For example, they have the formation like this: stem-final positive vowels of Korean verb "ㅏ, ㅗ + ending 아" and "negative vowels + ending 어". In fact, although /먹어/-〉*[머가] is not realized, /잡아/-〉[자버] is realized in modern Korean. That is, it has no variation in "negative vowels+negative vowels", but it has variation into "positive vowels+positive vowels" in "posive vowels+negative vowels". We intend to call this negative vowelization. The purpose of this paper is to propose that this negative vowelization could be one of characteristics in Chungnam dialect. We cannot see the negative vowelization in conjugation of "negative vowels+negative vowels". It shows us itself the realization of negative vowel forms in the formation like this: negative vowels + C]vst+어, such as "넘+어-〉[너머], 뜯+어-〉[뜨더]". The cases of ‘끄+어→[꺼], 서+어→[서], 가리+어→[개려]’ are under the circumstance of hiatus avoidance. There is no variation of negative vowel, only deletion and gliding are existed. In this paper, ‘아→어’ is negative vowelization. In "ending positive vowel + ending positive vowel" structure, "아’ changes to "어’. However, "가+아서→[가서], 빻+아→[빠:]’ is a deletion from hiatus avoidance phenomena. It turns out that hiatus avoidance is prior to negative vowelization. In case that final sound is a sonorant consonant as ‘갈+아→[가러], 말+아서→[마러서], 감+아→[가머], 많+아→[마너], 앓+았지→[아?찌]’, we can see negative vowelization like "아→어". At the same time, even in case that final sound is a obstruent like ‘옭+아서→[올거서], 솎+아서→[소꺼서], 맞+아→[마저], 쫓+아→[쪼처]’, vowelization is shown. This" 아-->어’ is very negative vowelization. Then, what is a mechanism of negative vowelization? Because bac k·low-vowel "/a/" is changed to back·middle-vowel "/?/", it could be named as a vowel rising in Korean vowel system. But, "아→어’ is not the Vowel rising in this case. According to Kim Jeong-tae(2003:57), vowel rising is a unconditional alternation which is not affected by adjacent sound. 아→어’ as a negative vowelization is a conditional alternation, because of stem positive vowel and word-final consonant, circumstance of ‘V+C+_____’. That is the reason we can say that ‘아→어’ negative vowelization is one of characteristics in Chungnam dialect, due to vowel rising of common pronunciation tendency in Korean. This paper analysed the only utterances of the old in rural area. Because generational and individual differences are existed in actual language use, negative vowelization is optionally applied to speakers of modern Korean.

Cross-sectional TEM Specimens Priparation of Precisely Selected Regions of Semiconductor Devices using Focused Ion Beam Milling

김정태,김호정,조윤성,최수한,Kim, Jeong-Tae,Kim, Ho-Jeong,Jo, Yun-Seong,Choe, Su-Han 한국재료학회 1993 한국재료학회지 Vol.3 No.2

A procedure for preparing cross-sectional specimens for transmission electron microscopy(TEM)by focused ion beam(FIB)milling of specific regions of semiconductor devices is outlined. This technique enables TEM specimens to be pripared at precisely preselected area. In-situ #W thin film deposition on the top surface of desired site is complementally used to secure the TEM specimens to be less wedge shaped, which is main shortcoming of previous FIB-assisted TEM sample preparation technique. This technique is quite useful for the TEM sample priparation for fault finding and the characterization of fabrication process associated with submicron contact technologies.

복수지명에 대하여

김정태(Kim, Jeong-tae) 한국어문학회 2014 語文學 Vol.0 No.125

고분자-계면활성제 혼합물에 의한 마찰저항 감소연구

김정태,김철암,최형진,김종보,윤형기,박성룡,Kim, Jeong-Tae,Kim, Cheol-Am,Choe, Hyeong-Jin,Kim, Jong-Bo,Yun, Hyeong-Gi,Park, Seong-Ryong 한국재료학회 1998 한국재료학회지 Vol.8 No.2

본 연구에서는 회전 원판 장치에 고분자-계면활성제의 혼합체를 첨가제로 사용하여 난류 유동장에서의 마찰저항 감소효과에 대해서 조사 연구하였다. 세가지의 분자량이 다른 PAA를 마찰저항 감소효과에 영향을 줄 수 있는 여러 인자들에 대헤서 살펴 보았다. 특히 이 연구에서는 이온성 고분자와 계면활성제의복합체가 마찰저항 감소현상에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지에 대해서 연구하였다. 계면활성제와 고분자첨가제 사이의 형태학적 차이점에 특별한 관심을 가지고 실험을 하였으며 이온성 고분자의 pH에 대한 영향에 대해서도 조사하였다. 고분자와 계면활성제간의 복합체는 거대한 전해질과 같은 거동을 보이며 계면활성제가 고분자의 형태를 변화시켜 고분자의 크기를 확대시킨다. 따라서 이러한 복합체는 단일 고분자계와 비교해서 수력학적부피, 관성반경, 점도등의 값이 크게 나타나며 이렇게 팽창된 고분자는 난류 유동장에서의 마찰저항 감소효율을 증가시킨다. Drag reduction produced by dilute solution of water soluble ionic polymer-surfactant complex under turbulent flow in a rotating disk apparatus(RDA) was investigated in this study. Three different molecular weights of polyacrylic acid(PAA) were adopted as drag reducing additives, and distilled water was used as a solvent. Experiments were undertaken to observe the dependence of drag reduction on various factors such as polymer molecular weight, molecular expansions and flexibility, rotating speed of the disk and polymer concentration. Specific considerations were put on conformational difference between surfactant and polymer, and effect of pH on ionic polymer possessing various molecular conformation through pH. The complex of ionic polymer and surfactant(Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) behaves like a large polyelectrolyte. Surfactant changes the polymer conformation and then increases the dimension of the polymer. The radius of gyration, hydrodynamic volume and relative viscosity of the polymer-surfactant system are observed to be greater than those of polymer itself. Such surfactant-polymer complex has enhanced drag reduction properties.

건축에서의 인간의 심리적 공간

김정태,Kim, Jeong-Tae 대한건축사협회 1979 建築士 Vol.1979 No.9

두경부 재건을 위한 피판 선택에서 천공지피판의 역할

김정태,Kim, Jeong Tae 대한두경부종양학회 2019 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.35 No.1

In head and neck reconstruction, microsurgeons are faced with various demands, such as thin resurfacing, or three-dimensional reconstruction, and therefore, conventional flap as well as perforator flaps are all useful for the functional and aesthetic reconstruction successfully. Among perforator flaps, the pros and cons of anterolateral thigh perforator flap(ALTp) and thoracodorsal perforator flap(TAp) is compared and selected depending on the surgeon's preference, recipient site condition or patient status. Both flaps can be elevated in a chimeric pattern by combining different aspects of tissue components. Customized or tailored reconstruction as well as 3 dimensional reconstructions are all available with perforator flaps and it is useful in head and neck reconstruction. The most outstanding update in head and neck reconstruction is the perforator based island flap (PBIF) compared to conventional flaps. The conventional local flap has evolved on behalf of the perforator concept and its design becomes more flexible and freestyle with less limitations. Actually, random pattern flap is now a misnomer and most conventional local flaps turn into PBIFs. Finally we can say all conventional donor site becomes universal, depending on the surgeons' preference or idea. Moreover, there is no more "flap of choice" and postoperative results are quite variable by surgeons' ability. Operative procedures and plans are very flexible to freestyle flap. With all these advantages, surgeons should be armed with both conventional and perforator concepts for solving any defects or problems.

횡복직근 유리피판을 이용한 유방재건술에서의 즉시 유두재건

김정태,김창연,차지훈,황원중,Kim, Jeong Tae,Kim, Chang Yeon,Cha, Ji Hun,Hwang, Weon Jung 대한성형외과학회 2005 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.32 No.1

Immediate breast reconstruction in breast cancer patients is universalized and now with a wide variety of methods to choose from, we can select a breast reconstruction method according to the patient's condition. Among these methods, immediate breast reconstruction with TRAM free flap is the most commonly used. Nipple reconstruction is usually performed as a secondary procedure, reconstructed. Nipple is reconstructed with contralateral nipple composite graft or with local flap. Areola is reconstructed with skin graft and tattooing. Therefore, to reconstruct complete breast, two or more staged operations are needed and are troublesome to both the surgeon and the patient. If we could reconstruct breast mound and nipple at same time, we would reduce the operative stages and heighten the patient's satisfaction. The author performed delayed or immediate breast reconstruction with TRAM free flap and nipple reconstruction at the same time. If the TRAM flap was to situate in the whole of the breast or at the center of the breast mound, nipple was reconstructed with a local flap from the TRAM flap. If the TRAM flap was not situated in center of breast mound, nipple was reconstructed with a local flap from remnant breast skin. Immediate nipple reconstructions in breast reconstruction consisted total of 22 cases. Among these, delayed breast reconstruction were 5 cases and immediate breast reconstruction were 17 cases. According to patient's condition and mastectomy method, nipple reconstruction method was selected; nipple reconstruction with contralateral nipple composite graft(3 cases); nipple reconstruction with remnant breast skin(6 cases); nipple reconstruction from flap margin(10 cases); nipple reconstruction with prefabricated nipple on flap(3 cases). Malposition of the reconstructed nipple was the most common and serious complication(6 cases). The other complications were atrophy of the nipple(1 case), and necrosis(1 case). Reconstruction of the breast and nipple at the same time can reduce the need of a secondary operation and use remnant skin or redundant flap tissue maximally. On the other hand, it must be considered that position and shape of nipple could be deformed, because the nipple reconstruction is performed before the shape of reconstructed breast settles completely. Prudent attention is needed, because the danger of complication is higher than delayed nipple reconstruction.

학부모를 위한 성교육

김정태,Kim, Jeong-Tae 한국학교보건협회 1976 학교보건 Vol.3 No.-

5월의 발언-솔직하고, 순수하며 올바른 성 지식을 어른, 선배들은 알려 주어야 한다

김정태,Kim, Jeong-Tae 한국건강관리협회 1987 건강소식 Vol.11 No.5

에너지 절약을 위한 인공조명계획

김정태,Kim, Jeong-Tae 대한건축사협회 1986 建築士 Vol.1986 No.1