비전 기반 3차원 얼굴 모델의 실시간 표정 제어

김정기(Jung Gee Kim),민경필(Kyong Pil Min),전준철(Junchul Chun) 한국정보과학회 2004 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.31 No.2Ⅱ

본 논문은 연속적으로 입력되는 2차원 얼굴 영상에서 얼굴의 특징 영역들을 추출하여 3차원 얼굴 모델의 표정을 실시간으로 제어하는 방법에 관한 연구이다. 2차원 얼굴 영상에서 얼굴을 추출하기 위해 Hue, Saturation 색상 값을 사용하며, 두 가지 색상 값을 이용하여 피부색과 배경색을 분리함으로써 얼굴 영역을 추출 할 수 있다. 추출 된 얼굴에서 특징 영역인 눈, 코, 입술, 영역 등의 위치를 각각의 영역에 적합한 추출 방법을 이용하여 추출한 뒤, 프레임 별로 영역들의 움직임을 비교함으로써 영역의 움직임 정보를 획득 할 수 있다. 이 정보를 3차원 얼굴 모델에 적용하여 2차원 동영상에서 획득된 대상의 얼굴의 표정을 3차원 얼굴 모델에 실시간으로 표현 할 수 있도록 한다.

컬러 영상으로부터 Hue,Tint 색상 정보의 상관관계를 이용한 얼굴 검출

김정기 ( Jung-gee Kim ),민경필 ( Min Kyongpil ),전준철 ( Jun-chul Chun ) 한국정보처리학회 2004 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.11 No.1

본 논문에서는 컬러 영상으로부터 얼굴을 검출하는 방법으로서, RGB 색상 공간을 Hue와 Tint 정보로 분리하여 자동으로 검출하는 방법을 제시한다. 다양한 색상 공간으로의 변환은 얼굴 검출에 필요한 보다 정확한 정보를 만들어낼 수 있다. 피부 색상에 대해 Hue와 Tint 색상 정보가 직선 형태의 분포를 이루는 특징을 이용하도록 한다. 색상 및 조명의 변화에 영향을 덜 받는 두 색상 값으로부터 직선 방정식을 생성하여 입력 데이터와의 비교를 통해 얼굴 영역을 검출한다. 실험을 통해 본 논문에서 제시한 방법이 보다 빠르고 정확한 결과를 보여줌을 증명한다.

일 종합병원 입원 환자의 정신과 자문 의뢰의 최근 3년간의 특성에 대한 연구

이수진,이중권,왕관수,김정기,조동환,김현진,Lee, Soo-Jin,Lee, Joong-Kwaun,Wang, Kwuan-Shu,Kim, Jung-Gee,Cho, Dong-Hwan,Kim, Hyun-Jin 한국정신신체의학회 2005 정신신체의학 Vol.13 No.1

목적: 2001년부터 2003년까지 3년간 동안 일 종합병원 입원 환자에 대한 정신과 자문을 조사하여 이 기간 동안의 자문 의뢰의 특성을 알아보고, 최근 변화의 추세에 대하여 조사하여 이를 바탕으로 중요성이 높아지고 있는 자문조정 정신의학의 방향이나 이 분야 연구에 대한 자료를 얻고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본 연구는 2001년 1월 1일부터 2003년12월31일 까지 3년간 부산 메리놀병원에 입원하여 정신과 자문 의뢰된 환자들을 대상으로 하여 실시하였으며, 정신과에 보관된 자문 목록을 바탕으로 차트를 검토하여 환자들의 자문 기록과 병록 일지를 참고하였고, 그 빈도수를 백분율로 처리하였다. 결과: 1) 전체 입원 환자에 대한 최근 3년간 정신과 평균 자문율은 1.72%이었다. 2) 최근 3년간 60세 이상 환자의 자문이 47.8%였고, 특히 70세 이상 환자가 20.2% 이었다. 3) 전체 자문 의뢰 중 내과가 72.5%로 빈도가 가장 많았다. 4) 자문 의뢰가 가장 많은 달은 3월이었으며, 12월이 가장 적었다. 5) 자문 의뢰 중 정서적인 이상 증상에 의하여 의뢰하는 경우가 가장 많았으며, 그 다음이 이학적인 이상 소견이 없이 신체적인 증상을 호소하는 경우이었으나, 점진적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 약물 중독, 알콜 문제가 있는 경우 정신의학적 평가를 의뢰하는 경우는 증가하였다. 6) 자문 의뢰시 정신과적인 진단은 신체형 장애가 가장 많았으며, 우울 장애, 기질성 정신장애의 순이었다. 우울 장애와 신체형 장애, 알콜 의존의 진단은 매년 증가하는 추세이나, 불안장애, 기질성 정신장애의 진단은 감소하였다. 7) 자문 진료 후 권고 사항은 약물 치료가 가장 많았으며, 진단적인 검사를 의뢰하는 경우도 증가하였으며, 정신 치료를 권유하는 경우도 매년 증가하였다. 결론 : 본원의 정신과 자문율이 1.72%이었으며, 60세 이상의 노인 환자들이 47.8%이었으며, 이는 매년 증가하였다. 자문 의뢰의 주요 원인은 우울 등의 정서적인 이상으로 의뢰되는 경우가 가장 많았고, 내과에서 자문을 의뢰하는 경우가 가장 많았다. 자문 이후 약물 치료에 대한 권유가 가장 많았고, 그 비율이 낮기는 하였으나 정신 치료 등 정신과적인 접근을 권유하는 경우도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. Objectives: This clinical study investigates the status of psychiatric consultation from 2001 to 2003 at Maryknoll General Hospital, located in Busan to evaluate the characteristic patterns of current psychiatric consultation and to contribute for further data of consultation study. Methods : The subjects of this study were hospitalized at Maryknoll General Hospital from 1 January, 2001 to 31 December, 2003, who were referred for psychiatric consultation during hospitalization. This study was analysed demographic data, reason for referral, psychiatric diagnosis by patient's chart and psychiatrist's report retrospectively. Results : 1) The psychiatric consultation rates was 1.72%. 2) There was 47.8% in referral among the age group over 60 years, especially the age group over 70 years was 20.3%. 3) The most frequent referral source was department of internal medicine(72.5%). 4) The frequency of psychiatric consultation was the highest at March and the lowest at December. 5) The reasons of psychiatric consultation, according to frequency, were affective change, somatic symptom without abnormal finding. And drug intoxication. alcohol problem were increased. 6) Somatoform disorder was the most common psychiatric diagnosis followed by depressive disorder, organic mental disorder. The diagnosis of somatoform disorder, depressive disorder, alcohol dependence were increased, but anxiety disorder, organic mental disorder were decreased. 7) Pharmacotherapy was the most recommendation, and diagnostic procedure and psychotherapy were increased. Conclusion : In review of consultation referral subjects, the referral rate was 1.72%. The consultation referral of the old(over 60 years) was 42.8%, and annually increased. The most frequent request source was from department of internal medicine. The reasons of consultation referral was the most due to affect change. The recommendation of pharmacotherapy was the most numerous. and psychotherapy was increased annually. Further studies warranted on geriatric psychiatric consultation, pattern change of consultation.

에폭시 수지의 경화 거동에 미치는 반응성 희석제의 영향

김완영,이대수,김형순,김정기 ( Wan Young Kim,Dai Soo Lee,Hyung Soon Kim,Jung Gee Kim ) 한국공업화학회 1994 공업화학 Vol.5 No.6

에폭시 수지의 성형 가공성을 조절하기 위해 반응성 희석제를 사용했을 때의 경화특성 및 경화 후 유리 전이온도의 변화를 조사하였다. 반응성 희석제로 사용한 Butyl gilcidyl ether(BGE) 및 Phenyl glycidyl ether(PGE)함량의 증가에 따라 경화에 따른 발열량과 경화 후 유리 전이온도는 낮아지는 특성이 관찰되었다. 에폭시 수지는 BGE를 사용한 경우 PGE를 사용한 경우보다 더 낮은 유리 전이온도를 보였으며, 희석제의 첨가에 따른 유리 전이온도 변화는 가교점 사이의 분자량 증가 때문으로 해석하였다. 에폭시 수지의 경화 거동을 자촉매 반응에 대한 속도론식으로 해석한 결과 속도상수 k₁, k₂는 희석제의 양에 따라 감소하였다. Curing behavior and glass transition temperatures of epoxy resins into which reactive diluents were added to control processability were investigated. Heat of cure generated of the epoxy resin was reduced with butyl glycidyl ether(BGE) and phenyl glycidyl ether(PGE) contents. T_g of the resin was decreased with the amount of reactive diluents and it was attributed to increased molecular weight between crosslink points. Cure kinetics of the resins was studied employing autocatalytic reaction model and found that reaction constants decreased as the contents of reactive diluent was increased.

비행청소년의 범죄양상과 음주와의 상호관계에 관한 연구

김정기,이길흥,민병근 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1983 中央醫大誌 Vol.8 No.3

The present study was attempted to analyze and evaluate the relationship between criminal patterns and alcohol drinking. Data were collected through questionnaire survey. Subjects served for this study consisted of 757 adolescent delinquents, sampled from all subjects of four eleven juvenile correctional instituions throughout the nation, using census method. Their age range was between 12 and 21. The actual number of cases used in this study consisted of 571 subjects(521 males and 50 females) The collected data were processed by the CDC-174 computer at KAIST, using the SPSS program and statistically analyzed by the Chi square method. The results of the study are presented below: 1. Among adolescent delinquents, 354 of them (62.3%) were experienced alcohol drinking and one of four of the subjects was found to drink alcohol habitually. 2. The ration of alcohol related crime among adolescent delinquents in korea was 24.2% and their criminal patterns were shown higher prevalence in violence(37.9%) and felony (37.9%) rather than the other types. 3. Of 138 cases of drinking adolescent delinquents, the Jin drinking (62.9%) was most favorite type of alcohol comparing with the Maggulli drinking (14.5%), the Beer drinking (15.5%) or Whisky (6.5%). 4. Results of this study was suggested that the Maggulli and the Beer at lower alcohol level were used more in Felony among Korean adolescent delinquents, but the Whisky and the Jin at higher alcohol level were commonly used in larceny and violence. 5. The person offender in delinquent was found more common in alcoholics, while the property offender was commonly found in never drinker or ex-drinker. 6. The rape was frequently found in social drinker rather than alcoholics, never drinker-or ex-drinker. A study was undertaken to determine the influence of the disease or operation on the body image of adult. Body image, as a means of body to itself, would be changed continuously by growth, disease, accident or environmental factors. It adults Body Image is threatened by disease and operation, and changed the established characteristics, or leads to loss of self-esteen. Therefore, this study was to compare the importance of body parts with change of body image due to disease or operation between normal adults and patients. In this study, samples are 119 patients admissioned into medical, surgical wards of C University Hospital, H University Hospital and 126 Normal adults. The tool used in this study is made by itself for measurement of body image, it is base upon the body Ca-thexis Scale by Secord and Jourard, Semantic Differential Scale by Osgood and Free word thinking method. Data gathering was performed from April 1, 1983, and when data analysis mean, standard deviation, t-test and spearman's rank correlation were used. Results of the stdy are as follows: 1. Hypothesis(1) is selected that "The patients' group has more negative body image than Normal Adults' Grou.(BC Scale: t=2.84 p<0.01, SD Scale: t=6.71 p<0.001) 2. Hypothesis(2) is selected that "Medical patients' group has more negative body image than normal adults' group"(BC Scale: t=1.81 p<0.1, SD Scale: t=5.61 p<0.001) 3. Hypothesis(3) is selected that "Surgical patients' group has more negative body image than normal adults' group"(BC Scale: t=2.65 p<0.05, SD Scale: t=5.37 p<0.001) 4. Hypothesis(4) is not selected that "Surgical patients' group has more negative body image than medical patients group"(BC Scale: t=-0.47 p>0.05, SD Scale: t=-1.07 p>0.05) 5. Hypothesis(5) is not selected that "In patients, the group with pain has more negative body image than the group without pain."(BC Scale: t=-1.38 p>0.05, SD Scale: t=-1.07 p>0.05) 6. Hypothesis(6) is selected that "In normal, adults, the group with pain has more negative body Image than the group without pain."(BC Scale: t=-1.25 p<0.05, SD Scale: t=-2.55 p<0.05) 7. Hypothesis(7) is selected that "In total group, the group with pain has the negative body image than the group without pain."(BC Scale: t=-1.93 p<0.1, SD Scale: t=-2.19 p<0.05) 8. Hypothesis(8) is not selected that "In patients, the group with admission experience has the negative body image than the group without admission experience."(BC Scale: t=-0.30 p>0.05, SD Scale: t=1.03 p>0.05) 9. Hypothesis(9) is not selected that "In normal adults, the group with admission experience has the negative body image than the group without admission experience."(BC Scale: t=-1.19 p>0.05, SD Scale: t=-0.96 p>0.05) 10. Hypothesis(10) is not selected that "In total group the group with admission experience has the negative body image than the group without admission experience."(BC Scale: t=-0.97 p>0.05, SD Scale: t=0.52 p>0.05) 11. Hypothesis(11) is selected that "In patients, female has the negative body image that male."(BC Scale: t=2.06 p<0.05) 12. Hypothesis(12) is selected that "In normal adult, female has the negative body image that male."(BC Scale: t=2.57 p<0.05) 13. Hypothesis(13) is selected that "In total group, female has the negative body image that male."(BC Scale: t=2.60 p<0.01) 14. Hypothesis(14) is selected that "Body part, which tested by free word thinking method, is not influenced by disease and operation"(BC Scale: r=0.9528 p<0.001) It is concluded that disease and operation lead to change the negative body image in adults, but the priority of importance of all parts of body is not effected by disease and operation.

전환기의 집단 정신치료에 대한 연구

김정기 大韓神經精神醫學會 1982 신경정신의학 Vol.21 No.3

1981년 3월 19일부터 동년 11월 15일까지 고려병원 신경정신과에서 실시한 집단정신치료중 입원환자 집단에서 외래환자 집단으로 전환되는 시기인 6회에서 14회까지 9 sessions을 고찰한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 입원환자와 외래환자 사이에는 아래와 같은 차이점이 있었다. ① 탈락율에 있어서 입원환자가 외래 환자에 비해 3배 이상 높게 나타났고(80%:25%), 이야기한 빈도는 1:1.58정도로 적게 나타났다. ② 좌석 위치는 입원환자는 입원환자끼리, 외래는 또 그들끼리 무리를 지어 앉는 경우가 많았다. ③ 소집단은 외래나 입원환자 끼리의 소집단이 5번으로(전체 7번)71%를 차지 했으며, 이런 소집단이 치료적인 면에서 이득보다는 파괴적 영향을 더많이 나타내었다. ④ 역동적 지도자의 출현은 한번을 제외하고는 전부 외래환자중에 나타났으며, 또한 특정 환자가 동일한 형태의 지도자 역활을 한 것으로 나타났다. ⑤ 내용 분석 외래환자는 정서적 분야에서 우울반응, 불안, 따뜻함을 그리고 내용 분야에서는 저항, 의존성, 치료적 조언등을 훨씬 많이 표현한 것으로 나타났고, 반면에 입원환자는 내용분야에서 추상적이고 비논리적 사고에서 높은 빈도를 보였다. 그러나 공격성을 비슷한 빈도를 보였다. 2. 침묵 집단침묵은 매회 평균 3번, 1회 13초로 아주 적었던 것으로 나타났다. 또한 침묵을 깬 사람은 치료자가 28번중 15번으로 절반 이상을 차지했다. 3. 상태의 변화에 대한 적응 입원환자가 퇴원후 처음 외래환자로 참석했을 때 심히 위축되어 집단에서 역활을 거의 하지 못했으나 2번째 참석부터는 외래환자로서의 역활을 잘했다. 4. 집단치료 시작전 먼저온 환자들이 집단에 미치는 영향 집단치료가 시작되기전 먼저온 환자들의 분위기가 그룹진행에 영향을 미치는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 본 연구의 대상이 되었던 전환기의 9 sessions를 집단치료의 과정과 역동적인 면을 관찰해 볼때 외래환자 집단의 중간형태의 특징을 가진 것으로 나타났고, 또한 이 기간중 잦은 환자들의 교체로 집단자체의 안정성이 떨어졌으며 치료의 진행에 지장을 초래하였다. 그러나 이렇게 입원환자 집단을 외래환자 집단으로 전환시킴으로서 이 시기에 겪게되는 환자들의 현실적 어려움을 흡수하고, 정서적 동요를 막아주는 역활을 해 치료적인 면에서 도움이 되었다. On conduction group psychotherapy, it is common practice to form group separately, such as in-patients group or out-patients group. Accordingly, when in-patient transfers to out-patient group, difficulties arise not only because of lack of continuity in treatment, but also because they have to adjust their role in the new group. It would be ideal, if they participate in the same group even after discharge. So we formed a mixed group for this purpose. This article summarized some findings after we conducted this king group therapy in this transitional situation. From March to November 1981, group psychotherapy was conducted at the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Korea General Hospital. Nine sessions(from 6th through the 14th), which was the transitional period from the in-patient group stage to the out-patient group stage were evaluated clinically, The results of this evaluation were as follows 1. The differences between the in-patient members and out-patient members in this group were: a. Drop-out rate of the in-patients was three times more than the out-patient (80:25 percent) b. verbal products, however, were not much different(ratio 1:1.58). c. During sessions, there was a tendency that both in-patients and out-patients sit close with other members of their same group. d. Subgroups were formed seven times, however, from a therapeutic view point, they produced more adverse effects than favorable results. e. With one exception, leaders always emerged from the out-patient group, and it was found that a particular type patient would assume the same type of leadership role. f. Content analysis: In the emotional area, out-patients demonstrated more of depression, anxiety and warmth; in the content area, they demonstrated resistance and dependency as well as an ability to express therapeutic comments. On the other hand, the in-patients demonstrated a higher frequency of abstractive and illogical thinking, however, they showed a similar frequency in aggression. 2. Silencd: silence during group session occurred rather infrequently-three times on the average, each lasting 13 seconds. Silence was broken by the therapist on 15 out of 28 occasions. 3. Adaptation to changed status: When, an in-patient attened the group session as out-patient for the first time, he showed severe withdrawal and was unable to play a role in the group. From the second session on, however, he functioned well as out-patient. 4. Influence of earlier enrolled members on the group: They exerted a certain amount of influence on the atmosphere of the coming group process. It is concluded that this type of transitional intermediate group was therapeutically benefical for patients in lessening difficulties in resocialization and for prevention of emotional disturbance.

소아정신과 환자의 임상적 고찰 : 부산의 한 사립종합병원의 외래 및 입원환자의 경험

이채일,김정기,김종길 大韓神經精神醫學會 1985 신경정신의학 Vol.24 No.3

1978년 1월 1일부터 1983년 12월 31일까지 만 7년간 본원 신경정신과 외래를 방문하였던 소아환자 986명, 입원환자 76명을 대상으로 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 신경정신과 외래 총 신환자 9326명중 소아환자는 986명으로 10.57%를 차지하였다. 입원환자의 경우 총 2,247명중 소아환자는 76명으로 3.36%였다. 2. 형제순위는 맏이가 37.59%로 가장 많았고 다음으로 중간과 막내가 각각 28.71%였다. 3. 발병후 내원시 까지의 기간은 6개월이상이 41.48%로 가장 많았고 1주이내 19.22%, 2개월에서 6개월이 17.35%의 순서였다. 4. 동반보호자의 어머니가 74.21%로 가장 많았고 부모 9.21%, 아버지 8.76%, 형제 3.04%의 순서였다. 5. 주소는 두통 19.59%, 신체증상 17.89%, 경련 9.25%, 수면장애 8.03%의 순서였다. 6. 진단은 외래의 경우 신경증 30.08%, 특수증상군 16.67%, 간질 12.89%, 정신지체 5.80%의 순서였으며 입원환자의 경우 신경증 53.32%, 일과성 상황장애 9.21%, 간질 14.47%, 정신분열증 10.53%의 순서였다. 7. 치료에 대한 반응은 투약하에 관찰한 경우가 73.36%였는데 투약없이 관찰만 한 경우보다 병원을 방문한 횟수가 유의있게 많았다. Clinical study was done for the children who visited Department of Neuropsychiatry, Maryknoll Hospital, Pusan, Korea, from Jan. 1, 1978 to Dec. 31, 1983. The results were as follows: 1. The first visiting childhood outpatients occupied 10.57% of all the first visiting psychiatric outpatients, and 3.31% of all the psychiatric inpatients were children. 2. Viewing the sibling order of the outpatients, the eldests were 35.59% of them, and the middles and the youngests were 28.71% respectively. 3. Most of the first visiting outpatients(41.48%) came to the hospital more than 6 months after onset. 4. The frequent chief complaints for which the first visiting outpatients sought medical help were headache, followed by somatic symptoms, convulsions, sleep disturbances, bizarre behaviours, in order. 5. Almost all the patients were accompanied by their mothers. 6. Among the outpatients, the most frequently encountered disease entity was neurosis, and then special symptoms, epilepsy, mental retardation, in order of frequency. Among the inpatients, the diagnosis of neurosis was also the most frequent one, followed by transient situational disturbances, epilepsy, schizophrenia, in order. 7. The number of visiting the outpatient clinc was greater in the patients whose medication were prescribed, compared with the patients whose medication were not prescribed.

혈액투석 환자에서 혈청 마그네슘과 부갑상선호르몬 치의 관계

박미정,김남호,강영준,김정기,박병석,김수완,나명윤,마성권,염충호,최기철 대한신장학회 2000 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.19 No.6

The important factors involved in the regulation of PTH are calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus. However, recent studies have suggested that magnesium may also play a significant role in the modulation of PTH. The aims of this study was to analyze the relationship between serum magnesium and PTH levels in the hemodialysis patients. We studied 66 stable patients under maintenance hemodialysis for more than 6 months. Calcium carbonate was used as a phosphate binder in all patients. No patient had been previously treated with vitamin D and aluminum hydroxide. Biochemical parameters were evaluated 3 times during 7 months, and the mean values were computed. The mean serum magnesium level was 2.7±0.4 mEq/L. Hypermagnesemia(defined as serum Mg$gt;2.2 mEq/L) was found in 60 patients(90.1%). Serum magnesiurn levels were inversely correlated with senum iPTH levels(r=-0.579; p$lt;0.001). Serum total and ionized calcium levels were inversely correlated with serum iPTH levels(r=-0.743; p$lt;0.001, r=-0.699; p$lt;0.001, respectively).Serum alkaline phosphatase levels positively correlated with serum iPTH levels (r=0.364; p=0.003). In lower iPTH group(serum iPTH120pg/mL), serum magnesium, total calcium, and ionized calcium levels were significantly higher. Alkaline phosphatase level was significantly lower in lower PTH group. After controlling for the effect of the other variables, serum magnesium and iPTH levels were inversely correlated(r=-0.53; p$lt;0.001). A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that serum magnesium level was the most predictive variable(R²=0.72; p$lt;0.001). Hypermagnesemia is frequent in hemodialysis patients. There is a significant inverse relationship between serum magnesium and PTH levels. In addition, serum magnesium concentration has an important influence on PTH regulation. These results suggest that hypermagnesemia may have a suppressive effect on PTH regulation in hemodialysis patients.

알콜금단 증후군의 치료에서 Carbamazepine과 Lorazepam의 효과 비교

이현정,김정기,김종길 大韓神經精神醫學會 1994 신경정신의학 Vol.33 No.1

In order to compare the effects of carbamazepine and lorazepam on alcohol withdrawal syndrome, a comparative study of carbamazepine and lorazepman was conducted with 40 cases of alcohol withdrowal syndrome during period from March, 1990 to August, 1991. The patients were assigned randomly to either carbamazepine(600mg/day) treated group or lorazepam(6mg/day) treated group for 8 days. During the trial period, target withdrawal symptoms and side effect were recorded daily. In general, carbamazepine was more efficacious to lorazepam in treating the withdrawal syndrome and not different with respect to side effects. It is concluded that carbamazepine, which is well tolerated and does not produce any addication, might offer a valuable alternative drug in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms.

만성 신부전 환자에서 과호모시스테인혈증의 유병율 및 그 결정 인자

박미정,최원,강영준,김정기,박병석,김수완,나명윤,염충호,최기철 대한신장학회 2000 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.19 No.6

Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia plays an important role in atherosclerosis resulting from endothelial dysfunction and injury followed by platelet activation and thrombus formation. We evaluated the prevalence and determinants of hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with chronic renal failure(CRF) and relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular diseases. Methods: We evaluated the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in CRF patients and hemodialysis patients. Fasting plasma homocysteine, vitamin B12, vitamin B6 creatinine, fibrinogen, lipoprotein(a), glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and TG levels were assessed in 69 patients. Results: Hyperhomocysteinemia was detected 5% in controls, 86% in CRF groups, and 85% in hemodialysis group. Serum folate value in hemodialysis group was significantly higher than normal control (10.7±4.8 vs. 15.3±5.4nmoL/L; p$lt;0.05). Plasma homocysteine concentration negatively correlated with serum folate level in hemodialysis patients(r=-0.42, p$lt;0.05). Cardiovaslar diseases were deteceted 14% in CRF patients and 25% in hemodialysis patients. Matched odds ratios(with 95% confidence intervals) were respectively 118.75, 107.7 for homocysteine in CRF and hemodialysis patients compaired with control group. Conclusion: Plasma homocysteine level correlated negatively with serum folate level in hemodialysis patients. In univariate analysis, determinant of plasma homocysteine concentration in hemodialysis patients is plasma folate concentration. We considered that hyperhornocysteinemia is also an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases.