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Influence of Water Temperature and Salinity on Sand Ejection of Manila Clam, Ruditapes philippinarum
강경호,김재민,김영훈,Kang, Kyoung-Ho,Kim, Jae-Min,Kim, Young-Hun 한국패류학회 2005 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.21 No.1
In this study, the influence of water temperature and salinity on sand ejection of Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, was investigated. The result showed that, under different water temperature, the highest quantity of sand ejection was at $20^{\circ}C$, the value of which was 0.091 g, while the smallest one was only 0.058 g at 0$^{\circ}C$. The highest releasing rate, 95.79%, could be seen in $20^{\circ}C$ group, while $0^{\circ}C$ group was the lowest one, 85.29%. Under different salinity, 30 psu group had the highest value, 0.057 g, and 0 psu (freshwater) group was the lowest one, only 0.026 g. At the same time, the highest releasing rate appeared at 25 psu, which was 90%. 0 psu group was the lowest one in releasing rate, 60.47%. According to these results, we recommend that the clams should be placed into the clear seawater with about 25 psu of salinity at near $20^{\circ}C$ to let the clams perform the self-depuration. Better quality of clams containing less impurity in the aquaculture and commerce could be obtained from this pre-treatment.
Gonadal Development and Reproduction in the Trumpet Shell, Charonia sauliae
강경호,김재민,선승찬,김현정,Kang, Kyoung-Ho,Kim, Jae-Min,Seon, Seung-Cheon,Zhuo, Liang Liang,Lim, Sang-Min,Kim, Hyeon-Jeong The Malacological Society of Korea 2009 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.25 No.1
This study devised and tested a histological staging system for gonadal development in the trumpet shell, Charonia sauliae, which was collected along the south coast of Jeju Island, South Korea. This paper details for the first time the gonadal development characteristics of C. sauliae. Ovary and testis development in C. sauliae can be roughly divided into five stages: growing, mature, spent, degenerative, and resting. The trumpet shelll has multiple fecundation and fertilization during the spawning season for out-of-step gonadal development in high-temperature and low-salinity environments. Female trumpet shell tended to have larger shells and were more abundant than males (64.26% of all animals collected were female).
강경호,손승찬,김재민,김현정,Kang, Kyoung-Ho,Seon, Seung-Cheon,Kim, Jae-Min,Zhuo, Liang Liang,Lim, Sang-Min,Kim, Hyeon-Jeong The Malacological Society of Korea 2009 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.25 No.1
The trumpet shell Charonia sauliae is an endangered and valuable species with potential for aquaculture. For artificial propagation of C. sauliae, the effects of three different food microalgae on the development, growth, and survival rate of the larvae and spat were investigated. For the larval feeding experiments, we utilized six microalgae species as food sources, namely Pavlova lutheri, Tetraselmis suecica, Nannochloris oculata, Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum; for the larval and spat growth and survival experiments, we utilized T. suecica, C. calcitrans, and P. tricornutum. The results showed that the temporal digestion index (TDI) for the veliger larvae was significantly different for C. sauliae fed the different microalgae species (p < 0.05), that the T. suecica, C. calcitrans, and P. tricornutum cultivars were better suited for larval consumption (p < 0.05), and that the growth and survival of the larvae and spat were significantly influenced by food type, specifically P. tricornutum (p < 0.05). Further research is needed to evaluate the effects of other microalgae species, different algal concentrations, and biochemical composition on the growth and survival of C. sauliae.
가집 『협률대성』의 편찬 특성과 전승ㆍ 향유의 문화적 의미
강경호(Kang, Kyung-Ho) 한국시조학회 2014 시조학논총 Vol.40 No.-
이 글은 조선후기 가곡문화의 흐름 속에서 가집 『協律大成』이 갖는 독자적 특징과 문화·향유 기반을 탐색하고 그 의미를 살펴보는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 『협률』은 국문학·국악학 분야에서 널리 알려진 가집임에도 불구하고 지금까지 학계에서는 가곡원류계 이본 가집정도로만 인식되고 있는 바 이 가집이 담고 있는 문학사적 또는 문화사적 의미와 가치를 밝히고자 하였다. 이 글의 논의는 크게 두 가지 방향에서 이루어졌다. 하나는 『협률』 이본 가집들의 성격과 그 전승 및 유통 양상에 대한 검토였고, 다른 하나는 『협률』의 내적체계 탐색을 통한 이 가집의 편찬 특성과 그 문화적 의미에 관한 연구였다. 우선 이본 검토에서는, 1) 『협률』의 이본 가집으로는 경농본과 가람본이 있는데, 가람본은 여러 표기 및 작품 표기에서 몇 가지 문제가 있다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 따라서 『협률』 연구는 경농본을 주 대상으로 삼고 살펴봐야 하며, 가람본은 그 비교 자료로 삼을 수 있다. 2) 이본들의 전승 양상에서는, 경농본은 소장자 이근우의 서울에서의 행적이나 활동시기 등을 볼 때 20세기 초에 입수된 것으로 추정되며, 편찬 시기도 이 시기와 멀지 않은 것으로 보인다. 또한 그 당시에도 가람본 등 다른 이본들이 계속 파생된 것으로 보아 『협률』이 20세기 초에 새로운 가곡원류계 가집으로 전승되었음을 알 수 있었다. 다음으로 『협률』의 편찬 특성 및 문화적 의미를 살펴본 결과, 1) 시조 작품이 수록된 ‘永言全部’에서는 전 작품의 연음표 표기, 안민영 작품의 탈락 현상, 〈태평가〉의 수록 위치의 변화 등이 확인되었다. 『협률』은 여러 가곡원류계 가집들에서 보이는 공통체계를 토대로 큰 변화 없이 만들어진 전형적인 가곡원류계 가집체계를 보이는데, 『협률』 편찬자는 중대엽을 포함한 전 곡에 연음표를 붙이면서 작품의 음악적 해석을 보다 충실히 시도하려 했으며, 편찬 당시 가곡문화의 음악환경에 맞춰 〈태평가〉의 위치를 조정하는 등 변화된 양상을 반영하려 하였다. 2) 가집 서두부에 수록된 ‘양금 가곡보’는 ‘弄’ 악곡의 분화, ‘始弄返樂’이라는 새로운 악곡의 수록, 小歌曲 중심의 수록 등 20세 초 가곡문화를 반영하고 있었다. 특히 이 양금 가곡보는 편찬자가 자신의 편찬 의식에 맞게 당대 가곡 작품들을 선별하여 가곡 연창 방식의 標本을 제시한 것이라 할 수 있다. 『협률』 ‘영언전부’에 대부분의 작품이 연음표까지 기입되어 수록되었음에도 불구하고, 편찬자가 양금 반주와 장구 장단까지 추가하여 가곡보를 제시한 것은 보다 세밀하고 실제적인 가곡 연행의 방식을 보여주기 위한 노력인 것이다. Purpose of this study is investigating character of Hyeopryuldaesung belonged to a Collection of Gagokwonryu series and fundamental base to possess and meaning in flow of sijo culture in the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty. Never theless Hyeopryuldaesung is well known in korean literary field, it just has been perceived as different type in a Collection of Gagokwonryu series until now. Also literary or cultural meaning and value has not been truly recognised. Hyeopryuldaesung is valuable gajip in gagok cultural history because of indicating compiling feature in early 20th century and transitional shape in this period. This study was progressed to two directions. One was study about character of these different version of gajips passing down & aspects of distribution, other one was reserch about this gajip’s character verified by research on compiling system and culural meaning. Result of first research is as follow as. 1) result on checking the bibliography of different version, different version of Hyeopryuldaesung is kyungnong versi on and garam version in present, after checking many problems about mark of poetries are discovered. Therefore, research about Hyeopryuldaesung should be base on kyungnong version, garam version can be database for preparing. 2) These differnet versions are presumed to be acquired in early 20th century by researching past activities and active periods of owner Lee Geun-woo. Also this gajip can be known to pass down continuously as new Collection of Gagokwonryu series in early 20th century by researching fact that many variety versions, for example garam version, were derived. Next, second study is result on investigating character of gajip’s compiling and cultural meaning. 1) Many things like mark of Yeoneum-Pyo[voice directing note symbols] mark in all sijo, eliminating phenomenon in An-minyoung’s poetries, changing location of Taepyungga’s potries are found in Yeongunjunboo included all sijo. Hyeopryuldaesung shows Gagokwonryu series’s traditional structure like other several Collections of Gagokwonryu series, but tried to adapt new aspects in that musical environment. 2) Gagokbo of Yang-geum attached on prologue of gajip adopt Gagok culture in early 20th century such as separation of Nong tune, Sinogbanrak(attachment of new tune), singing method focused on small gagok, etc. This Gagokbo of Yang-geum is good presented sample for sining method of gagok to be matched for compiler’s own intention by sorting gagok poetries in that age.