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김홍,김옥배,우성구,서수지,김성수,Kim, Hong,Kim, Ok-Bae,Woo, Seong-Ku,Suh, Soo-Jhi,Kim, Sung-Soo 대한영상의학회 1985 대한영상의학회지 Vol.21 No.5
It is diffidult to distinguish benign from malignant, ulmonary nodule by conventional roentgenologic examination. But CT makes it easier to evaluate adjacent parenchymal invasion, pleural or mediastinal extension, or early metastasis to intra- or extrathoracic lymph node as well s distant organs, although only a solitary peripheral pulmonary nodule is seen on plain radiograph. Authors reviewed CT of 22 cases of histopathologically confirmed primary lung cancer seen as a solitary peripheral pulmonary mass from May 1980 to September 1984 at Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University. The results are as follows: 1. The incedence was most common in the 6th decade(36%). Male to female ratio was 10:1 and 2 females all had bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma. 2. The distributions of histologic cell type were as follows: squamous cell carcinoma 40%, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma and unclassified carcinoma 14% in each cases, and adenoid cystic c rcinoma 4%. 3. The computed tomographic findings were as follows: a) Superior and posterior basal segments of both lower lobes were most frequently involved(68%). b) The mean diameter of the mass was 48mm, and most common in the range of 30-49mm in the greatest dimension(46%). c) The mean CT attenuation value was 57 H.U., and most common in the group of 41-70 H.U.(64%). d) Lymph node metastasis was found in 13(59%) of 22 cases, and the involved nodes were as follows: hilar nodes 10 cases, paratracheal nodes 8 cases, subcarinal nodes 7 cases and extrathoracic nodes 3 cases. In 2 of 3 cases with small cell carcinoma, diffuse multiple lymph nodes were involved. e) Distant metastasis was seen relatively early in 3 cases: cerebral metastasis in 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma, right adrenal metastasis without intrathoracic lymph node metastasis or invasion of adjacent structures in 1 case of bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma, and liver and bone metastases in 1 case of unclassified carci oma. f) Adjacent pleural or mediastinal invasion was found in 7 cases(32%): pleural invasion alsong chest wall in 4 cases, and invasion of adjacent mediastinal pleura in 3 caes of 2 squmous cell carcinoma and 1 unclassified carcinoma. g) Calcifications within the mass were found in 5 caes(23%), and most common in squamous cell carcinoma(3 caes). In all cases, a few granular calcifications were seen along the peripheral margin of the mass. h) Tumor necrosis was seen in 4 cases(18%), and 3 cases were squamous cell carcinoma, and one of them showed irregular central cavitation. i) The margins of tumor were irregularly lobulated with radiating spiculations in all except one of adenoid cystic carcinoma, which revealed oval shaped, smooth clear margin. j) In 9(41%) of 22 cases, some enlargement of pulmonary vessels with perivascular linear infiltrations were found in the adjacent lung parenchymes of the mass, which were thought to be retrograde perivascular lymphangitic spread along pulmon ry vessels.
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Ni-Cr-Mo계 고강도 저합금강 용접클래드 계면의 미세조직 특성 평가
김홍은 ( Hong Eun Kim ),이기형 ( Ki Hyoung Lee ),김민철 ( Min Chul Kim ),이호진 ( Ho Jin Lee ),김경호 ( Keong Ho Kim ),이창희 ( Chang Hee Lee ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2011 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.49 No.8
SA508 Gr.4N Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steel, in which Ni and Cr contents are higher than in commercial SA508 Gr.3 Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steels, may be a candidate reactor pressure vessel (RPV) material with higher strength and toughness from its tempered martensitic microstructure. The inner surface of the RPV is weld-cladded with stainless steels to prevent corrosion. The goal of this study is to evaluate the microstructural properties of the clad interface between Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steel and stainless weldment, and the effects of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the properties. The properties of the clad interface were compared with those of commercial Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel. Multi-layer welding of model alloys with ER308L and ER309L stainless steel by the SAW method was performed, and then PWHT was conducted at 610℃ for 30 h. The microstructural changes of the clad interface were analyzed using OM, SEM and TEM, and micro-Vickers hardness tests were performed. Before PWHT, the heat affected zone (HAZ) showed higher hardness than base and weld metals due to formation of martensite after welding in both steels. In addition, the hardness of the HAZ in Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steel was higher than that in Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel due to a comparatively high martensite fraction. The hardness of the HAZ decreased after PWHT in both steels, but the dark region was formed near the fusion line in which the hardness was locally high. In the case of Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel, formation of fine Cr-carbides in the weld region near the fusion line by diffusion of C from the base metal resulted in locally high hardness in the dark region. However, the precipitates of the region in the Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steel were similar to that in the base metal, and the hardness in the region was not greatly different from that in the base metal.
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김홍인,박해경,이기웅,Debaraj Mishra,이강명,홍정희,전민기 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.6
Leached solution, generated by oxalic acidwashing of spent residue hydrodesulfurization (RHDS) catalyst,was used for separation and recovery of vanadium. First of all, solvent extraction, using mixture of 20% (v/v) Alamine-336 and 5% (v/v) tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) as a phase modifier, was conducted to extractmolybdenumcompletelyat pH0.50. Then molybdenum-free solutionwas used for vanadium extraction atpH 1.25 with 20% Alamine-336 and 5% TBP. Stripping of vanadium from loaded organic solution wasperformed with 1.5MH2SO4 at O/A phase ratio of 5:1 where more than 99% of vanadiumwas stripped intwo stages. The stripped vanadium solution was further processed by precipitating with ammoniumhydroxide to recover ammonium-meta-vanadate which was calcined to obtain vanadium pentoxide. Finally a conceptual process was established for recovery of high purity vanadium pentoxide from oxalicacid leached solution of spent residue hydrodesulfurization (RHDS) catalyst.
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김홍인,이기웅,Debaraj Mishra,이강명,홍정희,전민기,박해경 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1
Alamine-336, diluted with kerosene and iso-decanol, was used for separation of vanadium (IV) andmolybdenum (VI) from leached solution generated by oxalic acid washing of spent residuehydrodesulfurization (RHDS) catalyst. The variation of aqueous pH represented that there was completeextraction of both vanadium (IV) and molybdenum (VI) at equilibrium pH 3.8. Both metals wereextracted by two stages counter current process using 10% Alamine-336 along with 5% iso-decanol atorganic to aqueous phase ratio 1:2. The metal loaded organic was then used for selective stripping ofeach metal. About 99% of vanadium (IV) and molybdenum (VI) was selectively stripped with 1.5 Msulfuric acid and 2 M ammonia solution, respectively. Both stripped solutions can be further processedfor the preparation of respective oxide components of vanadium and molybdenum.
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김홍인 한국동서철학회 2022 동서철학연구 Vol.- No.105
"Gyeokmulchiji” (格物致知) has become the basic system of the epistemology of Confucianism and the rationale for illuminating the basis of moral awareness, since Joo-hee(朱熹) wrote 「Gyeokmulchiji Bomangjang(補亡章)」 of 『Daehakjanggu(大學章句)』. The issue of "Gyeokmulchiji," has recently been drawing attention as it has various possibilities and tasks that Confucianism can be connected to scientific inquiry methods and knowledge systems. Based on "Gyeokmulchiji," according to the changes and demands of the times, the expansion of its use to "Gyeokmulchijihak," and "The concept of business" is expanded (擴充), and at the center of it, the basics of emphasizing morality should be prepared. Companies, which are the economic agents of the country today, must first clarify the scope and contents of their business for their successful management. This is the establishment of the concept of Business. and next, 'Gyeokmulchijihak’ which rationally and scientifically supports the execution of that rite, should follow, and thirdly, it should be supported by the mental ‘Gyeokmuljiji’ that values morality and ethics of the most of corporate members. It is desirable to have an integrated operation in which the three-layer structure is organically linked. Comparing this to the gwaesang(卦象) of the Taegwae(泰卦) of Iching(周易), it can be interpreted as the image(象) of the Jicheon Taegwae, in which the earth trigrams above and the heaven trigrams below communicate with each other. It is considered most desirable when the physical concept of Business and 'Gyeokmulchijihak’ are located on the surface as yin(陰), and the metaphysical '格物致知' as yang(陽), centered on the inside and helping each other. A company must clarify the 'concept of Business' and respond with scientific thinking to realize its Business success but all of these start from the mindset of morality and ethics, and need to be guided and practiced. And it is necessary to consider timing that fit the times in the sense that each purpose. 격물치지(格物致知)는 주희가『대학장구』「격물치지 보망장」을 지은 이래, 유학의 인식론을 이루는 기본 체계가 되었고 도덕적 인식의 근거를 밝혀 주는 논거가 되었다. 격물치지는 최근에 와서 유학이 과학적 탐구방법이나 지식체계의 축적은 물론, 과제해결의 방법을 지니고 있다는 점에서 주목되고 있다.‘격물치지’가 시대의 변천과 요구에 따라 ‘격물치지학(格物致知學)’, ‘업의 개념(業의 槪念)’에로 그 용도를 확장해 나간다는 확충(擴充)과 함께 그 중심에는 늘 도덕 중시의 기본을 갖추어야 함을 내포하고 있다. 오늘날 국가의 경제주체인 기업이 성공적인 경영을 위해서는 첫째, 사업의 영역과 업의 내용을 분명히 하는 ‘업의 개념’의 정립이 필수 요건이다. 둘째, 그 업의 수행을 합리적 과학적으로 지지해 주는 ‘격물치지학’이 뒤따라야 한다. 셋째, 기업 구성원들의 마음속에 도덕과 윤리를 중시하는‘격물치지’가 받쳐 주어야 한다. 기업 경영은 이 같은 삼층 구조가 유기적으로 연계된 통합적인 운영이 바람직한 것이다. 이것을 주역의 태괘(泰卦)에 비유하면 위에는 지(地), 아래는 천(天)이 위치해서 서로 잘 통한다는 지천 태괘의 상(象)으로 해석할 수 있다. 형이하학적인 ‘업의 개념과 '격물치지학’은 음(陰)으로 표면(上)에서, 형이상학적인 '격물치지’는 양(陽)으로 내면(下)에서 중심을 잡고 서로 화합하는 모습일 때가 가장 바람직하다고 생각된다. 기업이 ‘업의 개념’을 분명히 하고 과학적인 사고로 대응하되 이 모든 것은 도덕 윤리의 마인드 위에서 실천해 나아가는 시중(時中)과 권도(權道)가 필요하다.
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