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ZnO 투명전도막의 전기적 특성에 미치는 Al₂O₃의 도핑 농도의 효과
박강일,김병섭,이성욱,김현수,이세종,곽동주 경성대학교 공학기술연구소 2003 공학기술연구지 Vol.10 No.-
Al doped Zinc Oxide(ZnO:AI) films, which is widely used as a transparent conductor in optoelectronic devices such as solar cell, liquid crystal display, plasma display panel, thermal heater, and other sensors, were prepared by using the capacitively coupled DC magnetron sputtering method. In this paper the effect of doping amounts of Al₂0₃ on the electrical, optical and morphological properties were investigated experimentally. The results show that the structural and electrical properties of the film are highly affected by the doping. The optimum growth conditions were obtained for films doped with 2 wt% of indium which exhibit a resistivity of 8.5×10^(-4)Ω-cm associated with a transmittance of 91.7 % for 840 nm in film thickness in the wavelength range of the visible spectrum.
이동 애드 혹 네트워크에서의 환경적응형 QoS AODV 라우팅 프로토콜에 관한 연구
裵振勝,宋東勳,吳世德,鄭燦赫,金玄郁,李光培,文泰洙,郭承郁,河載承 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.23 No.-
In this paper, we propose a bidirectional mobile Ad Hoc routing protocol based on AODV(ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing) with QoS(quality of service) support. At presence, wireless mobile communication focuses on how to efficiently support mobility of users more than QoS guarantee. However, in order to satisfy requirement of various applications which have been or will be served, QoS guarantee between end points is a very important issue. The existing AODV routing protocol is implemented to use only BE (Best Effort) service. However, actual wireless mobile environment requires to reduce a waste of communication resources and meet with the real-time change of data paths by setting up routes with QoS support, considering available communication resources at each node in advance. Therefore, in this thesis, we propose an adaptive QoS support method using hello message in order to rapidly meet with the change of available communication resources and to smoothly perform route maintenance. For performance evaluation, we analyzed the average data reception rate. At that time, we used evaluation parameters such as node's mobility-stop time, hello message period, and packet priority, considering the node's mobility and the number of best effort/QoS data flows. As results, we found that with our proposed method the average data reception rate was increased 16.293%, 15.914%, 17.238% for 300 mobility-stop second case and 4.809%, 4.264%, 2.956% for 300 mobility-stop second case.
( Se Hyun Kwak ),( Ji Soo Choi ),( Eun Hye Lee ),( Su Hwan Lee ),( Ah Young Leem ),( Sang Hoon Lee ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Kyung Soo Chung ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Moo Suk Park ),( Young Sam Kim ),( Joon Chang 대한내과학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.36 No.0
Background/Aims: Delayed diagnosis and treatment of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are major concerns for TB control. We evaluated characteristics of patients with smear-negative pulmonary TB who received a delayed diagnosis and identified risk factors that may have contributed to this delay. Methods: We reviewed medical records of patients with smear-negative culture-positive pulmonary TB treated at a tertiary care hospital in South Korea between January 2017 and December 2018. Patients who initiated anti-TB treatment after positive cultures were included in the missed TB group, and those who initiated empirical treatment before positive cultures were included in the control group. Results: Of 220 patients included, 117 (53.2%) and 103 (46.8%) were in the missed TB and control groups, respectively. Patients in the missed TB group were older (p = 0.001) and had a higher mean body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.019). Comorbidities (66.9% vs. 46.6%, p = 0.003) and immunocompromised patients (33.1% vs. 20.4%, p = 0.035) were more common in the missed TB group than in the control group. Old age (odds ratio [OR], 1.030; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.012 to 1.048; p = 0.001), high BMI (OR, 1.114; 95% CI, 1.004 to 1.237; p = 0.042), and negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results (OR, 9.551; 95% CI, 4.925 to 18.521; p < 0.001) were associated with delayed diagnosis. Conclusions: In more than half of patients with smear-negative pulmonary TB, the diagnosis was delayed. Patients with delayed TB diagnosis were older, had higher BMI, and negative PCR results.
Three Month Follow-up Study of the Pulmonary Function among Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia Survivors
( Se Hyun Kwak ),( Min Chul Kim ),( Ji Soo Choi ),( Chang Hwan Seol ),( Sung-ryeol Kim ),( Eun Hye Lee ),( Byung Hoon Park ),( Ah Young Leem ),( Kyungsoo Chung ),( Moo Suk Park ),( Young Sam Kim ),( S 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.0
Background Though coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 affects multiple organs, especially the respiratory system, the pulmonary sequelae in patients surviving severe COVID-19 pneumonia remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate mid-term clinical effects of COVID-19 pneumonia on lung function in COVID-19 survivors. Methods Patients who survived from COVID-19 pneumonia were included and evaluated three months after discharge at a South Korean tertiary referral hospital from July 2020 to August 2021. Non-recovered patients who were unable to perform the pulmonary function test measurements were excluded. Participants were divided into two groups according to the severity of pneumonia: A non-severe COVID-19 group that did not require mechanical ventilation, and a severe COVID-19 group receiving mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit. Results Of 58 survivors included, 44 (75.9%) and 14 (24.1%) were in the non-severe COVID-19 and severe COVID-19 groups, respectively. 23 (39.7%) were male, and the median age was 68.0 [interquartile range, 59.5-73.5] years. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in pulmonary function test data including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC, FEV1/FVC, and diffusing capacity at the three months follow-up. Conclusions Even in patients with respiratory failure due to severe or critical COVID-19 pneumonia, there was no significant impairment of lung function after three months of recovery compared to patients with non-severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Further studies are needed on long-term follow-up of the lung function in COVID-19 pneumonia.
( Se Hyun Kwak ),( Sunyoung Ahn ),( Seung Hyun Yong ),( Ah Young Leem ),( Su Hwan Lee ),( Sang Hoon Lee ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Kyung Soo Chung ),( Eun Young Kim ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Young Ae Kang ),( Youn 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) following sepsis has been known to be associated with increased mortality. Methods Sepsis or septic shock patients admitted to medical ICU were enrolled from June 2018 through May 2019 at Severance hospital. End stage renal disease patients on dialysis were excluded. We divided septic patients into those with and without AKI within 48hr after admission to the ICU (D0). Patients with septic AKI were subdivided into AKI recovery and non-recovery groups according to whether kidney injury recovered within 7 days of the initiating event. We collected the serum samples of patients on D0. We used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the application of metabolomics to research, and analyzed the Results to evaluate potential biomarkers of septic AKI. Results Of the 91 patients, 42 had sepsis, and 49 had septic shock. 84 were included with a median age of 71.0 (IQR 60.9-80.2). Compared with non-AKI and recovery AKI group, non-recovery AKI group showed highest baseline creatine (2.9 vs 1.2 vs 0.8, p<0.001), CCI (4.5 vs 3.0 vs 2.0, p=0.002), SOFA (10.0 vs 8.0 vs 6.5, p<0.001), and APACHE II score (32.0 vs 30.5 vs 21.5, p=0.004). In-hospital (73.3% vs 15.0% vs 23.5%, p<0.001) and 90-day mortality (66.7% vs 20.0% vs 20.6%, p<0.001) were also highest in the non-recovery AKI group. As a result of metabolomics approach using LC-MS/MS, hydroxyproline (14.7 vs 11.3, p≤0.01) and kynurenine (6.6 vs 3.3, p≤0.01) concentration at D0 in non-recovery AKI group were significantly lower than in that in those in non-AKI group. The area under the curve for hydroxyproline and kynurenine for prediction of non-recovery AKI were 0.646 (95% CI 0.517-0.762) and 0.740 (95% CI 0.615-0.842), respectively. Conclusions Our Results suggest that hydroxyproline and kynurenine could be useful biomarkers for non-recovery AKI diagnosis in sepsis patients in ICU.
( Se Hyun Kwak ),( Moo Suk Park ),( Su Jin Jeong ),( Jin Gu Lee ),( Hyo Chae Paik ),( Song Yee Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-
Background: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a clinical syndrome that resulting in persistent drop in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of ≥ 20%, compared with the reference FEV1. BOS 0-p is identified as a 10% to 20% decline in FEV1, also called potential BOS. We aimed to study the prevalence and risk factors for BOS and BOS 0-p among patients who underwent LTx. Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective study including all patients who underwent LTx from 2012.1.1 to 2017.12.31 in one tertiary care hospital in South Korea. Among them, we excluded the patients who died within the first year after LTx. Results: The medical records of 204 patients who underwent LTx were evaluated. Among them, 130 patients met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of BOS/BOS 0-p among patients who survived more than 1 year after LTx was 64.6% (84/130), and 46 patients (35.4%) did not have an episode of BOS/BOS 0-p. Compared with patients not diagnosed with BOS/BOS 0-p (BOS- ), those diagnosed with BOS/BOS 0-p (BOS+) were younger (mean age, 47.9 vs 53.6 years, p=0.006) and more likely to receive steroid pulse therapy due to acute rejection (19% vs 2%, p=0.007). The sex, BMI, blood type, pre-transplantation lung function, HLA crossmatch, PGD (Primary graft dysfunction), and underlying lung disease were similar between BOS+ and BOS- groups. Two variables (Young age, Steroid pulse therapy due to acute rejection) were significantly associated with increased risk of BOS/BOS 0-p in a multivariable analysis. (OR=0.963, 95% CI 0.930- 0.997, p=0.033 and OR 5.270, 95% CI 1.147-24.214, p=0.033 respectively). Conclusions: In our data, prevalence of BOS/BOS 0-p was 64.6%. Our data suggest that young age and steroid pulse administration due to acute rejection are probably associated with BOS/ BOS 0-p.
Treatment outcomes of patients with isoniazid mono-resistant tuberculosis
( Se Hyun Kwak ),( Joon Chang ),( Young Sam Kim ),( Moo Suk Park ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Kyung Soo Chung ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Sang Hoon Lee ),( Su Hwan Lee ),( Ah Young Leem ),( Eunhye Lee ),( Ji Soo Choi 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-
Background: Confirmed rifampicin susceptible and isoniazid (INH) resistant tuberculosis is the most common type of first line drug resistant tuberculosis (TB). However, the most recommended therapeutic regimens and duration of treatment for INH mono resistant TB have not been well established. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed for cases of culture confirmed INH mono-resistant TB reported to one tertiary care hospital in South Korea from 2005.1.1 to 2018.12.31. Among them, we excluded the patients with resistance to INH and one other first line anti-TB drug, those who have already started treatment at another hospital, those who were not prescribed medication at our hospital, and those who are currently under treatment. Results: The medical records of 266 patients with INH-resistant TB were evaluated. Among them, 195 patients met the inclusion criteria. According to the current World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, 165 (84.6%) had treatment success, including cure and treatment completion. However, unfavorable outcomes occurred in 8 patients (4.1%), including treatment failure (n=3, 1.5%) and relapse after initial treatment completion (n=5, 2.6%). Overall, a total of 160 patients (82.1%) had favorable outcomes, who completed/cured without relapse. Compared with patients with favorable outcomes, those with unfavorable outcomes were more likely to have chronic kidney disease (CKD) (p=0.003), more likely to have positive baseline positive AFB smear (p=0.006) and positive AFB culture at 1 month of treatment (p=0.028). Two variables (Chronic kidney disease and baseline positive AFB smear) were significantly associated with increased risk of unfavorable outcomes in a multivariable analysis. (OR=10.104, 95% CI 1.375-39.378, and OR 7.357, 95% CI 1.374-39.378, respectively). Conclusions: Our data suggest that underlying CKD and positive AFB smear are probably associated with unfavorable outcomes of INH-resistant TB.
Clinical Outcome of Patients that Underwent Tracheostomy in Medical Intensive Care Unit
( Se Hyun Kwak ),( Nam Eun Kim ),( Youngmok Park ),( Seung Hyun Yong ),( Ah Young Leem ),( Sang Hoon Lee ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Kyung Soo Chung ),( Eun Young Kim ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Young Ae Kang ),( Moo 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-
Background We evaluated survival after tracheostomy and identified potential variables predicting weaning outcome in patients who underwent tracheostomy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients that underwent tracheostomy in medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary referral hospital in South Korea between July 11, 2016 and April 10, 2019. We excluded patients who underwent tracheostomy before ICU admission and those who failed discontinuation of mechanical ventilation. The primary outcome was weaning failure, defined as prolonged home ventilator support. Tracheostomy tube de-cannulation or sealing off were considered a successful weaning, Results 271 patients received tracheostomy, and a total of 182 patients were included with a median age of 68.2 (IQR 57.5-77.0) years and median APACHE II score of 26.0 (IQR 20.5-31.0). The most common indication for tracheostomy was pulmonary problems (74.7%), followed by neurologic (8.8%), cardiac (3.3%), and neuromuscular (1.1%) problems. The median ICU length of stay was 89.5 (IQR 56.5-150.3) days and overall in-hospital mortality was 19.2%. Of the 182 patients, 113 (62.1%) experienced successful weaning, otherwise 69 (37.9%) patients failed to wean. There was statistically significant longer survival in weaning success group to weaning failure group (p<0.001). Multivariated analysis showed that potential factors associated with weaning failure were past history of coronary artery occlusive disease (CAOD, odds ratio [OR], 3.045; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.237 to 7.494; p=0.015) and congestive heart failure (CHF, OR, 3.464; 95% CI, 1.171 to 10.246; p=0.025). Conclusions In our ICU, 62.1% of patients who received tracheostomy were successfully weaned. The most common reason of tracheostomy was pulmonary problems. In addition, CAOD and CHF could be predictive of weaning failure in ICU patients who underwent tracheostomy.
만성 간질환 환자에서 간질환 특이적 삶의 질 도구에 관한 한국어 번역 설문지의 타당성에 대한 조사
김세현 ( Se Hyun Kim ),최기현 ( Ki Hyun Choi ),황성규 ( Seong Gyu Hwang ),이지현 ( Ji Hyun Lee ),곽선영 ( Sun Young Kwak ),박필원 ( Pil Won Park ),김유경 ( Yu Kyung Kim ),박혜자 ( Hye Ja Park ),김순주 ( Soon Joo Kim ),임규성 ( Kyu 대한간학회 2007 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.13 No.1