Pharmacokinetics of Primaquine and Carboxyprimaquine in Korean Patients with Vivax Malaria

Kim, Yang-Ree,Kuh, Hyo-Jeong,Kim, Mi-Young,Kim, Yo-Sook,Chung, Woo-Chul,Kim, Sang-Il,Kang, Moon-Won The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.5

Primaquine is used for relapses caused by vivax malaria hypnozoites. No studies on the pharmacokinetics of primaquine (PMQ) has been reported in Korean patients. In our study, thirty vivax malaria patients were given 15 mg primaquine daily for 14 days after 3 days of chloroquine treatment. Plasma samples were taken at intervals after each daily dose of PMQ for 3 days. Plasma concentrations of PMQ and carboxyprimaquine (CPMQ), the major metabolite of primaquine, were measured by HPLC. The PMQ concentrations reached a maximum of 0.28$\pm$0.18 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL at 1.5 h after the first dose. The maximum concentration of CPMQ was 0.32$\pm$0.13 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL at 4 h. Higher drug concentrations with repeated dosing were observed for CPMQ, but not for the parent drug, PMQ. The elimination half-life was 3.76$\pm$1.8 hand 15.7$\pm$12.2 h, for PMQ and CPMQ, respectively. Large variation in the plasma concentrations of both drugs was observed. Overall, PMQ is absorbed and metabolized rapidly after oral administration. It was noted that the mean peak plasma concentration of PMQ was significantly higher and that of CPMQ was lower in our patients compared to other studies. This suggests a potential difference of inter-ethnic groups, which warrants further investigations.

Development of Estimation Methods of Skin Oxidation and Evaluation of Anti-Oxidative Effects of Genistein in Topical Formulations

Kim, Seong-Yeon,Na, Yeon-Joo,Kim, Dong-Ju,Kim, Yeong-Seok,Kim, Hyeong-Min,Hwang, Sung-Ha,Kwak, Ji-Yeon,Kuh, Hyo-Jeong,Lee, Jae-Hwi The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.16 No.3

The objective of the present study was to establish the method of measurement of hydrogen peroxide and to estimate the anti-oxidative effect of genistein in the skin. UVB induced skin oxidation and anti-oxidative effect of genistein formulations were evaluated by determining levels of hydrogen peroxide. The mechanism involved in the determination of hydrogen peroxide is based on a color reaction between ferric ion ($Fe^{3+}$) and xylenol orange, often called FOX assay and subsequent monitoring of absorbance values of the reactant at 540 nm. The reaction was to some extent pH-dependent and detection sensitivity was greatest at pH 1.75. Genistein liposomal gel demonstrated better anti-oxidative effect with regard to lowering hydrogen peroxide levels elevated by UVB irradiation compared to genistein-suspended gel. A linear relationship has been observed between anti-oxidative effect of genistein and drug deposition in the skin tissue. Genistein liposomal gel resulting in the localization of the drug in the deeper skin led to improved anti-oxidative effect compared to genistein gel. The suggested method for evaluation of oxidation of the skin can be used as a tool to screen effective anti-oxidative agents and their delivery systems acting on the skin.

New findings from CREAMS Observations: Water Masses and Eddies in the East Sea

Kim, Kuh,Kim, Kyung-Ryul,Kim, Young-Gyu,Cho, Yang-Ki,Chung, Jong-Yul,Choi, Byung-Ho,Byun, Sang-Kyung,Hong, Gi-Hoon,Takematsu, Masaki,Yoon, Jong-Hwan,Volkov, Yuri,Danchenkov, Mikhail The Korean Society of Oceanography 1996 Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography Vol.31 No.4

CREAMS (Circulation Research of the East Asian Marginal Seas) is an international research program, which began in 1993 in order to understand the water mass structure and circulation in the East Sea. Since the beginning of CREAMS, there have been four cruises in the summer and two in the winter, covering most parts of the East Sea for the first time in more than 60 years since the historical survey reported by Uda (1934). CREAMS investigations have provided many new insights into the various aspects of oceanographic problems in the East Sea such as water masses, deep sea currents and circulation, eddies, particle fluxes and so on. In this paper, we briefly review understandings before CREAMS and summarize initial new findings from CREAMS expeditions in terms of water masses and currents.

Pharmacokinetics of Primaquine and Carboxyprimaquine in Korean Patients with Vivax Malaria

Yang-Ree Kim,Hyo-Jeong Kuh,Mi-Young Kim,Yo-Sook Kim,Woo-Chul Chung,Sang-Il Kim,Moon-Won Kang 대한약학회 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.5

Primaquine is used for relapses caused by vivax malaria hypnozoites. No studies on the pharmacokinetics of primaquine (PMQ) has been reported in Korean patients. In our study, thirty vivax malaria patients were given 15 mg primaquine daily for 14 days after 3 days of chloroquine treatment. Plasma samples were taken at intervals after each daily dose of PMQ for 3 days. Plasma concentrations of PMQ and carboxyprimaquine (CPMQ), the major metabolite of primaquine, were measured by HPLC. The PMQ concentrations reached a maximum of 0.28±0.18 mg/mL at 1.5 h after the first dose. The maximum concentration of CPMQ was 0.32±0.13 mg/mL at 4 h. Higher drug concentrations with repeated dosing were observed for CPMQ, but not for the parent drug, PMQ. The elimination half-life was 3.76±1.8 h and 15.7±12.2 h, for PMQ and CPMQ, respectively. Large variation in the plasma concentrations of both drugs was observed. Overall, PMQ is absorbed and metabolized rapidly after oral administration. It was noted that the mean peak plasma concentration of PMQ was significantly higher and that of CPMQ was lower in our patients compared to other studies. This suggests a potential difference of inter-ethnic groups, which warrants further investigations.

Development of Estimation Methods of Skin Oxidation and Evaluation of Anti-Oxidative Effects of Genistein in Topical Formulations

Seong Yeon Kim,Yeon Joo Na,Dongju Kim,Yeongseok Kim,Hyeong Min Kim,Sung-Ha Hwang,Jiyeon Kwak,Hyo-Jeong Kuh,Jaehwi Lee 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.16 No.3

The objective of the present study was to establish the method of measurement of hydrogen peroxide and to estimate the anti-oxidative effect of genistein in the skin. UVB induced skin oxidation and anti-oxidative effect of genistein formulations were evaluated by determining levels of hydrogen peroxide. The mechanism involved in the determination of hydrogen peroxide is based on a color reaction between ferric ion (Fe³⁺) and xylenol orange, often called FOX assay and subsequent monitoring of absorbance values of the reactant at 540 nm. The reaction was to some extent pH-dependent and detection sensitivity was greatest at pH 1.75. Genistein liposomal gel demonstrated better anti-oxidative effect with regard to lowering hydrogen peroxide levels elevated by UVB irradiation compared to genistein-suspended gel. A linear relationship has been observed between anti-oxidative effect of genistein and drug deposition in the skin tissue. Genistein liposomal gel resulting in the localization of the drug in the deeper skin led to improved anti-oxidative effect compared to genistein gel. The suggested method for evaluation of oxidation of the skin can be used as a tool to screen effective anti-oxidative agents and their delivery systems acting on the skin.

Performance Degradation of c-Si Solar Cells Under UV Exposure

Kim, H.,Choi, P.,Kim, K.,Kuh, H.,Beak, D.,Lee, J.,Yi, J.,Choi, B. American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.14 No.5

Current Voltage (I-V) and Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) characteristics of crystalline silicon solar cells were obtained under UV exposure. The solar cell parameters degraded with increasing exposure time. For example, open-circuit voltage (V-oc), short-circuit current (J(sc)), fill-factor (FF) and efficiency (eta) were degraded. In this study, solar cell did not degrade at the p-n junction or silicon substrate effective lifetime by UltraViolet (UV) light exposure. The main degradation occurred at the SiNx layer, the commonly used anti-reflection coating (ARC), due to the positive charges generated by the high-energy UV light source. UV light changed the characteristics of the SiNx layer and the Si/SiNx interface to degrade the cell efficiency.

위암에서 Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen 발현의 의의

김영진,김신곤,김동의,박창수,구원회 대한소화기학회 1998 대한소화기학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Background/Aims: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is an auxillary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is tightly associated with sites of DNA replication. We studied the expression of PCNA in primary gastric cancer to identify its significance as a prognostic factor. Methods: The growth activities of 101 gastric carcinomas were assessed by imrnunohistochemical staining for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue with a monoclonal antibody against PCNA. The PCNA labelling index (LI) was calculated as a percentage of positive cells relative to the 1,000 tumor cells. The conelation between the PCNA LI and various clinicopathologic parameters were assessed. Results: The PCNA LI of 101 tumors (mean±SD) was 56.0%±27.7%. There was no correlation between the PCNA LI and sex, states of tissue CEA, DNA ploidy pattern or tumor size. The PCNA LI was closely associated with tumor location, serosal invasion, nodal involvement and advanced stage of gastric cancer. The PCNA LI of adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that of mucinous and signet ring cell carcinoma. Conclusions: These results indicate that PCNA LI may be an useful indicator for evaluating the malignant potential of gastric cancer and can be used as an independent prognostic factor.

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen 양성 간 질환을 동반한 피부 혈관염 환자에서의 Hepatitis B Birus 항원과 p53 발현에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

김광중,김상석,김재왕,이종주,석상미,장명국,신형식 대한피부과학회 1999 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.37 No.1

Background : Cutaneous vasculitis associated with viral hepatitis seems to occur as a hypersensitivity reaction against the circulating viral antigens. Hepatitis B virus(HBV)-encoded X antigen(HBxAg) is known to participate in the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) by the inactivation of p53. However, HBxAg has been found in chronic infiammatory lesions without the overexpression of p53. Accordingly, not only EBsAg and HBcAg but also HBxAg may be involved in HCC-associated cutaneous vasculitis, regardless of the alteration of p53. Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the expression of HBV-encoded antigens in cutaneous vasculitis accompanied by HBV hepatopathy. Additionally, we have compared the expression of 3 HBV antigens and p53 between vasculitic patients with HCC and in others showing HCC-non-associated vasculitis. Methods : Immunohistochemically, we examined the expression of HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBxAg in the tissue specimens taken from the vasculitic lesions of the 33 HBsAg-positive enrolled patients with cutaneous vasculitis proven by skin biopsy. Results: The following result were obtained from the study. 1. The immunohistochemical positivity rate to HBsAg in vasculitic patients with HBV hepatopathy was 66.7% overall. It was 90% in HCC-associated vasculitic subjects and 56.5% in the vasculitic subjects without HCC, respectively. 2. We found the expression of HBxAg in 80% of the vasculitic subjects showing HCC. The vasculitic patients without HCC showed 17,3% of the positivity rate to HBxAg. 3. We could not find the overexpression of p53 in the vasculitic tissue specimens of the HCC patients without the cutaneous metastasis from primary HCC. Conclusion : HBsAg, HBcAg and HBxAg may participate in the pathogenesis of cutaneous vasculitis with HBV hepatopathy, regardless of tumorigenesis.

Generation mechanism of near-inertial internal waves observed off the East Coast of Korea

Kim, Hey-Jin,Park, Young-Gyu,Kim, Kuh Elsevier 2005 Continental shelf research Vol.25 No.14

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Near-inertial internal waves of frequency 0.0535cph with upward or downward phase propagations were observed off the east coast of Korea where the local inertial frequency is 0.0510cph. Using a linear model in which the motion in the mixed layer is driven by the local wind stress as in earlier studies, we have investigated generation mechanism of the observed waves. The model reproduces waves with upward phase velocity well and shows that the waves were driven by the local wind stress. The model, however, cannot reproduce the waves with downward phase velocity, because the model requires an energy source at the surface while the waves require an energy source at the bottom. The waves, instead, were due to bottom reflection of waves propagating from the south along the isobaths.</P>

CTD Data Processing for CREAMS Expeditions: Thermal-lag Correction of Sea-Bird CTD

Kim, Kuh,Cho, Yang-Ki,Ossi, Hyong,Kim, Young-Gyu The Korean Society of Oceanography 2000 Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography Vol.35 No.4

Standard CTD data processing recommended by Sea-Bird Electronics produced thermal-lag corrections larger than 0.1 psu for the data taken during the CREAMS expeditions in the northern part of the East/Japan Sea where a vertical temperature gradient frequently exceeds 1.0$^{\circ}$C/m in the upper 100 m near the sea surface. As the standard processing is based upon a recursive filter which was introduced by Lueck and Pickle (1990), coefficients of the recursive filter have been newly derived for the CREAMS data by minimizing the difference between salinities of downcast and upcast in temperature-salinity domain. The new coefficients are validated by comparison with salinities measured by a salinometer, AUTOSAL 8400B. An accurate correction for the thermal-lag is critical in identifying water masses at intermediate depth in the East/japan Sea.