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김유진,박미경,박이랑,이보람,이혜림,전선미,양난영,김수지,이자형 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2004 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.38
The results of this Study are as follows:33.6% of all participants have insomnia; 22.5% of those who have insomnia are DIS(difficulty in initiating sleep), 17.3% are DMS(difficulty returning to sleep once awakened) and 7.0% awakened too early. 3 4.8% experience sleepiness during daytime. Type 1, experiencing insomnia and sleepi ness during daytime together, is 12.0%, Type 2, with insomnia only, is 21.6%, Type 3, with sleepiness during daytime only, is 22.8% and 43.5% experience no sleeping disturbances. After studying only those with 3 types of sleeping disturbances, it is found that the most common cause of such disturbance is stress 88.4%, anxiety 56.0%, no apparent reason 33.8%, anxiety/fear/terror 29.3%, hurry 23.6%, alcohol/caffeine 16.9%, bedroom tem perature 11.1%, urination during nighttime and persons living together 10.7%, noise from inside 8.9%, illumination 8.0%, and pain/itch 5.8%. The one group revealed significant differences in residential environment(p=0.003). Sex, age, education level, medicine, monthly earning revealed no meaningful differences. Of sleeping behavior, mean duration of sleep latency(p=0.000), whether or not feeling freshness(p=0.000), whether taking enough sleep(p=0.029), whether taking regular sleep(p=0.005) showed significant differences depending on whether or not having insomnia, and mean duration of sleep time, time to sleep, time of rising, whether taking naps did not reveal significant differences. Of sleep behavior, time to sleep(p=0.000), whether taking naps(p=0.000), indicated significant differences. Of sleeping behavior, mean duration of sleep latency(p=0.000), whether or not feeling freshness(p=0.000), and whether taking enough sleep(p=0.000), time of going to bed (p=0.002), whether or not taking nap(p=0.000), whether or not taking regular sleep(p=0.010) indicated significant differences among the sleeping disturbance types.
Yu, Jae-Rang,Kim, Sol,Lee, Jee-Boong,Chang, Jun 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 2008 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.10
Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infancy and early childhood. Despite its importance as a pathogen, there is no licensed vaccine against RSV. The G glycoprotein of RSV, a major attachment protein, is a potentially important target for protective antiviral immune responses. Here, a recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus-based vaccine, rAd/3xG, expressing the soluble core domain of G glycoprotein(amino acids 130 to 230) engineered by codon optimization and tandem repetition for higher level expression, was constructed and evaluated for its potential as an RSV vaccine in murine model. A single intranasal immunization with rAd/3xG provided potent protection against RSV challenge which lasted for more than 10 weeks. Strong mucosal IgA responses were also induced by single intranasal immunization but not by intramuscular or oral administration of rAd/3xG. Interestingly, neither IFN-γ nor IL-4-producing CD4 T cells directed to I-E^(d)-restricted epitope were detected in the lungs of rAd/3xG-immune mice upon challenge, whereas vvG priming elicited strong Th1/Th2-mixed CD4 T-cell responses. Lung eosinophilia and vaccine-induced weight loss were significantly lower in rAd/3xG-immune group than vvG-primed group. Together, our data demonstrate that a single intranasal administration of rAd/3xG elicits beneficial protective immunity and represents a promising vaccine regimen against RSV infection.
Yu, Jae-Rang,Kim, Sol,Lee, Jee-Boong,Chang, Jun 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2009 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.19
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infancy and early childhood. Despite its importance as a pathogen, there is no licensed vaccine against RSV. The G glycoprotein of RSV, a major attachment protein, is a potentially important target for protective antiviral immune responses. Here, a recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus-based vaccine, rAd/3xG, expressing the soluble core domain of G glycoprotein (amino acids 130 to 230) engineered by codon optimization and tandem repetition for higher-level expression, was constructed and evaluated for its potential as an RSV vaccine in a murine model. A single intranasal immunization with rAd/3xG provided potent protection against RSV challenge which lasted for more than 10 weeks. Strong mucosal immunoglobulin A responses were also induced by a single intranasal immunization but not by intramuscular or oral administration of rAd/3xG. Interestingly, neither gamma interferon- nor interleukin-4-producing CD4 T cells directed to I-E^(d)-restricted epitope were detected in the lungs of rAd/3xG-immune mice upon challenge, whereas priming with vaccinia virus expressing RSV G (vvG) elicited strong Th1/Th2 mixed CD4 T-cell responses. Lung eosinophilia and vaccine-induced weight loss were significantly lower in the rAd/3xG-immune group than in the vvG-primed group. Together, our data demonstrate that a single intranasal administration of rAd/3xG elicits beneficial protective immunity and represents a promising vaccine regimen against RSV infection.
Evolution of Bond Distortion in $C_{60}$ by an Electron Uptake
Rang Tan Fu,Kee Hag Lee,Tae Young Park,Xin Sun,Zhi Gang Yu Korean Chemical Society 1994 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.15 No.2
When an electron is transferred to $C_{60}$, the bond structure is distorted due to the electron-lattice interaction and a polaron-like state is formed. The evolution process of the bond distortion is studied by the dynamical equation of atomic lattice, and time-dependent changes of the bond lengths are determined. Then it can be estimated that the relaxation time to form the polaron-like state is a fraction of a picosecond.
( Yu Rang Park ),( Hye Hyeon Kim ),( Hwa Jeong Seo ),( Ju Han Kim ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2011 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.5 No.10
CDISC (Clinical Data Interchanging Standards Consortium) standards are to support the acquisition, exchange, submission and archival of clinical trial and research data. SDTM (Study Data Tabulation Model) for Case Report Forms (CRFs) was recommended for U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory submissions since 2004. Although the SDTM Implementation Guide gives a standardized and predefined collection of submission metadata ``domains`` containing extensive variable collections, transforming CRFs to SDTM files for FDA submission is still a very hard and time-consuming task. For addressing this issue, we developed metadata based SDTM mapping rules. Using these mapping rules, we also developed a semi-automatic tool, named CDISC Transformer, for transforming clinical trial data to CDISC standard compliant data. The performance of CDISC Transformer with or without MDR support was evaluated using CDISC blank CRF as the ``gold standard``. Both MDR and user inquiry-supported transformation substantially improved the accuracy of our transformation rules. CDISC Transformer will greatly reduce the workloads and enhance standardized data entry and integration for clinical trial and research in various healthcare domains.