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Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticle dispersants on cytotoxicity and cellular uptake
Jo, Mi-Rae,Chung, Hae-Eun,Kim, Hyun-Jin,Bae, Song-Hwa,Go, Mi-Ran,Yu, Jin,Choi, Soo-Jin THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF TOXICOGENOMICS AND TOXICOPRP 2016 MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR TOXICOLOGY Vol. No.
Dispersion critically affects the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and their interactions with biological systems. In this study, the effects of different zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP) dispersants, that is, bovine serum albumin, citrate, carboxymethyl cellulose, fetal bovine serum, and cell culture medium, were investigated with respect to cytotoxicity and cellular uptake. Parallel comparative studies were also conducted with <TEX>$Zn^{2+}$</TEX> ions. The results demonstrated that ZnO-NPs dispersed in citrate exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity to human lung cells, probably related to their high cellular uptake via the citrate internalization mechanism, whereas, the energy-dependent endocytosis pathway of ZnO-NP internalization in cells was unaffected by dispersant type. These results emphasize that dispersant choice is important when evaluating the toxicity of nanoparticles and that results should be interpreted with caution.
( Yu Jin Do ),( Do Hyeon Kim ),( Myung Sung Jo ),( Dong Gi Kang ),( Sang Woo Lee ),( Jin-won Kim ),( Jeum Kyu Hong ) 한국균학회 2019 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.47 No.3
Chemicals related to hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and nitric oxide (NO) generations were exogenously applied to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae (Fof ) causing Fusarium wilt disease in strawberry plants, and regulations of in vitro conidial germination and mycelial growth of the fungus by the chemical treatments were evaluated. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> drastically reduced the conidial germination of Fof in a dose-dependent manner, and treatment with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) catalase inhibitor also led to dose-dependent inhibition of conidial germination but relatively moderately. Gradual decreases in mycelial growth of Fof were found by high concentrations of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, whilst exogenous 3-AT slightly increased the mycelial growth. Increasing sodium nitroprusside (SNP) NO donor, N<sup>G</sup>-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) NO synthase (NOS)-inhibitor and tungstate nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitor led to dose-dependent reductions in conidial germination of Fof in quite different levels. SNP conversely increased the mycelial growth but increasing L-NAME moderately decreased the mycelial growth. Tungstate strongly enhanced mycelial growth. Differentially regulated in vitro mycelial growths of Fof were demonstrated by SNP, L-NAME and tungstate with or without H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> supplement. Superoxide anion production was also regulated during the mycelial growth of Fof by nitric oxide. These results show that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and NO-associated enzymes can be suggested as fungal growth regulators of Fof as well as eco-friendly disease-managing agents in strawberry production fields.
Jo, Hyun-Young,Lee, Hyo-Jung,Jo, Yu-Jin,Lee, Jong-Jae,Ban, Soojin,Lee, Jin-Ju,Chang, Lim-Seok,Heo, Gookyoung,Kim, Cheol-Hee Elsevier 2019 Atmospheric research Vol.225 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study investigated the potential of fine nitrate (NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP> in PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>) formation in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) by nighttime dinitrogen pentoxide (N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>) heterogeneous chemistry during March 16–18, 2016, relatively dry and stagnant early spring days, by intervening N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> uptake coefficients (reactive uptake probability, γN<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>) in modeling with WRF-CMAQ. Simulations of a base case and two sensitivity tests with default (Davis et al., 2008), zero and decupled (tenfold) γN<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> showed that impacts of γN<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> on NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP> and PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> are sensitive to relative humidity (RH) and sulfate-nitrate-ammonium (SNA) conditions. The base case simulation generally underestimated NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP> and PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> levels in comparison to observations. Even with decupled γN<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>, modeled NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP> and PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> concentrations showed relatively small increases under conditions that RH is relatively low in the range of 20 to 40% and SNA levels are severely underestimated (e.g., lower by one third) in the base case simulation. Comparisons of NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP> and PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> concentrations in SMA between simulations with differently specified γN<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> indicated that N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> heterogeneous chemistry has potential to (1) form additional nitric acid (HNO<SUB>3</SUB>), (2) further react with ammonia (NH<SUB>3</SUB>) emitted from various sources including agricultural sources outside of SMA urban-core areas, and (3) contribute to NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP> and PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> formation in SMA. Additional modeling and observational studies on heterogeneous N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> chemistry are needed to improve our understanding of NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP> and PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> formation and better forecast PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> pollution levels over SMA or other urban areas with abundant nitrogen oxides emissions and ammonia emissions such as agricultural emissions from surrounding areas.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> heterogeneous chemistry in the PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> formation was investigated by intervening the uptake coefficient (rN<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>). </LI> <LI> Simulations with the improved uptake coefficient (rN<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>) contributed to better PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> prediction in some conditons. </LI> <LI> Observational studies are needed to understand the nitare formation in the areas with abundant NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NH<SUB>3</SUB> emissions. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
A case of metastatic prostate cancer initially presenting as chylothorax
( Yu-jin Yang ),( Minjung Seo ),( Hee-jeong Jeon ),( Jin-hee Noh ),( Seol Hoon Park ),( Yunsuk Choi ),( Jae-cheol Jo ),( Jin Ho Baek ),( Su-jin Koh ),( Hawk Kim ),( Young Joo Min ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1
Chylothorax is caused by disruption or obstruction of the thoracic duct, which results in leakage of chyle in the pleural space. The most common etiologies are malignancy and trauma. Among the causative malignancies, lymphoma is the most common, followed by primary lung cancer, mediastinal tumors, and other metastatic malignancies. Conversely, prostate cancer has rarely been reported as the cause of chylothorax. We here report a case of metastatic prostate cancer initially presenting as chylothorax, and being disappeared pleural effusion after androgen deprivation therapy. We also discuss the various rare manifestations of metastatic prostate cancer.
Yu-Jin Jo,In-Won Lee,Seung-Min Jung,Jeongwoo Kwon,Suk Namgoong,Nam-Hyung Kim 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2017 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10
Zinc plays an essential role in mammalian oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryogenesis. The zinc concentration increases during oocyte maturation, but decreases soon after fertilization. Depletion of zinc impairs various stages of oocyte maturation, including cell cycle control, asymmetric division, and cytokinesis. However, the exact mechanisms by which zinc is involved in these processes is unknown. Here, we report that zinc, via the actin nucleator Spire, acts as an essential regulator of the actin cytoskeleton remodeling during mouse oocyte maturation and fertilization. Depletion of zinc in the mouse oocyte by either chemical chelation or knockdown of zinc transporters impaired cortical and cytoplasmic actin formation. Spire colocalized with zinccontaining vesicles via its FYVE domain, which contains zinc finger motifs that are essential for proper localization: mutation of zinc-binding cysteines in the FYVE domain abolished proper localization and actin mesh formation in oocytes. Expression of Spire truncation mutants revealed that all three major domains of the actin nucleator are required for correct localization and activity. After fertilization/parthenogenetic activation, Spire localization was dramatically altered following zinc release from the oocyte. Collectively, our data reveal novel roles for zinc in the regulation of the actin nucleator Spire and suggest a novel mechanism for the transition from asymmetric to symmetric cell division during mammalian oocyte maturation and fertilization.
Actin-capping proteins play essential roles in the asymmetric division of maturing mouse oocytes
Jo, Yu-Jin,Jang, Woo-In,Namgoong, Suk,Kim, Nam-Hyung The Company of Biologists Ltd. 2015 Journal of cell science Vol.128 No.1
<P>Actin polymerization is essential for various stages of mammalian oocyte maturation, including spindle migration, actin cap formation, polar body extrusion and cytokinesis. The heterodimeric actin-capping protein is an essential element of the actin cytoskeleton. It binds to the fast-growing (barbed) ends of actin filaments and plays essential roles in various actin-mediated cellular processes. However, the roles of capping protein in mammalian oocyte maturation are poorly understood. We investigated the roles of capping protein in mouse oocytes and found that it is essential for correct asymmetric spindle migration and polar body extrusion. Capping protein mainly localized in the cytoplasm during maturation. By knocking down or ectopically overexpressing this protein, we revealed that it is crucial for efficient spindle migration and maintenance of the cytoplasmic actin mesh density. Expression of the capping-protein-binding region of CARMIL (also known as LRRC16A) impaired spindle migration and polar body extrusion during oocyte maturation and decreased the density of the cytoplasmic actin mesh. Taken together, these findings show that capping protein is an essential component of the actin cytoskeleton machinery that plays crucial roles in oocyte maturation, presumably by controlling the cytoplasmic actin mesh density.</P>