Genetic associations of body composition, flexibility and injury risk with ACE, ACTN3and COL5A1polymorphisms in Korean ballerinas

( Jun Ho Kim ),( Eun Sun Jung ),( Chul Hyun Kim ),( Hyeon Youn ),( Hwa Rye Kim ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.2

Jun Ho Kim, Eun Sun Jung, Chul-Hyun Kim, Hyeon Youn and Hwa Rye Kim. Genetic associations of body composition, flexibilityand injury risk with ACE, ACTN3and COL5A1polymorphisms in Korean ballerinas. JENB., Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.205-214, 2014[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to exam the association of body composition, flexibility, and injury risk to genetic polymorphismsincluding ACEID, ACTN3RX, and COL5A1polymorphisms in ballet dancers in Korea. [Methods]For the purpose of this study,elite ballerinas (n = 97) and normal female adults (n = 203) aged 18 to 39 were recruited and these participants were tested forbody weight, height, body fat, fat free mass, flexibility, injury risks on the joints and gene polymorphisms (ACE, ACTN3, COL5A1polymorphism). [Results]As results, the ACEDD genotype in ballerinas was associated with higher body fat and percentageof body fat than the ACEII and ID genotypes (p< 0.05). In the study on the ACTN3polymorphism and ballerinas, the XXgenotype in ballerinas had lower body weight and lower fat-free mass than the RR and RX genotype (p < 0.005). Also, the meansof sit and reach test for flexibility was lower in the ACTN3XX genotype of ballerinas than the RR and RX genotype of ballerinas(p< 0.05). Among the sports injuries, the ankle injury of the XX-genotyped ballerinas was in significantly more prevalence thanthe RR and XX-genotyped ballerinas (p< 0.05). According to the odd ratio analysis, XX-genotyped ballerinas have the injuryrisk on the ankle about 4.7 (95% CI: 1.6~13.4, p< 0.05) times more than the RR and RX-genotyped ballerinas. Meanwhile, theCOL5A1polymorphism in ballerinas has no association with any factors including flexibility and injury risks. [Conclusion]Inconclusion, ACEpolymorphism and ACTN3polymorphism were associated with ballerinas` performance capacity; COL5A1wasnot associated with any factors of performance of Ballerinas. The results suggested that the ACEDD genotype is associated withhigh body fat, the ACTN3XX genotype is associated with low fat-free mass, low flexibility, and higher risk of ankle-joint injury. [Keyword]ballet, flexibility, body composition, injury risk, ACE, ACTN3, COL5A1

성경에 나타난 자연관 분석을 통한 환경교육으로의 가치관 접근

김연화 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 2002 이화교육논총 Vol.12 No.-

The view of nature manifested in the Bible seeks after harmonization of man and environment, for the order of creation and ethical responsibility of environmental problemes are important. Therefore, environmental education needed to be grafted into the biblical view of nature in order to form environment-friendly values. The purpose of this study is to identify and comprehend the way the Old and New Testaments look at nature and matters related to environmental ethics. This effort likewise seeks to integrate its findings with the seventh grade environmental education in order to constitute new values for environmental ethics. As such, this study is divided into three major phases. In the first stage, efforts are made to draw something about the nature of man, water, and living creatures pursuant to the seventh grade environmental education curriculum. Environmental education in secondary school, ecology in high school, and spheres and contents of environment are then analyzed. In the second stage, natural ecology-related verses are searched and analyzed in 39 Old Testament and 27 New Testament books. In the third stage, items related to nature are investigated in the seventh-grade environmental curriculum and the Old and New Testaments are grafted on the values of environmental ethics for environmental education. As for this study finding, items related to man are found in seven books in the Old Testament including Genesis, items related to water are found in three books, items related to creatures are found in six books, items related to air are found in three books, and items related to soil are found in five books. In the New Testament, items related to man are found in five books including Matthew's Gospel, items related to creatures are found in three books, items related to water are found in one book, items related to air are found in one book and items related to soil are found in one book. Spheres are found in more books, but the spheres where the same subjects are repeated are omitted. Environmental awareness renders nature significant and reminds us of the existence value of nature. One of the alternatives for preserving environment is to adopt the view of nature implied in the Bible. Thus, it is necessary to cultivate a will to conserve the environment and the ability to assess values with the help of environmental education. The strategy of environmental education suggested by this research is effective in grafting the biblical view of nature onto the curriculum for environmental education. The author believes this strategy can contribute to changing values in the objectives set forth by environmental education such as awareness, knowledge, skill, value, attitude, and participation, as well as in those objectives stressed by the seventh-grade environmental education curriculum.

菜萬植의 小說 硏究

金永和 제주대학 1976 논문집 Vol.8 No.1

Chai Man Shik (1902-1950) was a novelist who made his debut in the literary world in December 1924 and played an extensive literary activity mainly in 1930's. In his world of writing, the society and social reality of the colonial period of 1930's in which he was active in writing was grasped through intellectuals, farmers (mainly tenant-farmers) and wealthy class (mainly landowners). Accordingly, Chai Man Shik described how the society and social reality of the time was confronted and accepted by those characters in his novels which he made represent intellectuals, farmers and wealthy class. The peculiarity expressed i his works is a keen sense about history and a critical mind about the society and social reality. His method of expression is not an indicative disclosing but an indirective roundabout method with satirical tone by which he obtained the effectiveness of his writing and increased persuasuasive power. Such a historical sense and critical will of Chai Man Shik had been appeared in the biograpical story of "Hong Gil Dong" written by Heo Gyun at the beginning of the 17th century, in many novels of Hyeon Jin Geon as well as in some novels of Choi Seo Hai, such as "Hong Yeom" writien in 1920's. This trend was reappeared in Chai Man Shik's novels in 1930's novels and this deserves great significance in a historical view of novel writing. His criticization, instead of affirmation of the society and social reality of his time, even if he was living in such a colonical period as 1930's came from a deep bottom of his sound novelistic spirit.

판매수익 극대화를 위한 전략적 객실가격 수립에 관한 연구

김연화 안양대학교 사회과학연구소 1995 社會科學硏究 Vol.3 No.-

This study intends to contribute the maximization of the room revenue by raising occupancy rate through off-season's room rate reduction in hotels. The study also suggests and attempts to analyze emprirically new efficiency measurement index such as lodging index, yield ration, and room rate efficiency. In addition, some drawbacks in the former room rate, occupancy rate and revenue are revised into new optimum points for the elastic room rate through marginal analysis with the comparative investigation of the marginal income and the purchase intention demand.

대구지역 특수업태부의 성병에 대한 지각 및 지식과 검진, 이환정도

김연화,권경남,장은희 영남이공대학 산업기술연구소 1988 産業技術硏究 Vol.2 No.-

The objective of this study is to identify perception, knowledge, test and infection about VD for prostitutes. The subject of this study consisted of 343 prostitutes who were registered in 2 community health centers in Taegu and data was collected from January 12th to 17th, 1987. The results were as follow. 1. Mean of STD test was 22.37 and VDRL test was 1.63 during 6 months. Mean number of infection of VD was 2.82 during 6 months. 2. In the perception about VD, the majority of the subjects perceived VD as some susceptibility, low potential for mortality and often thought and discussed. Regarding public concern about VD, the majority perceived VD as non-socially acceptable disease. In the knowledge about VD, all most of the subjects had relatively high level of knowledge. 3. As the level of STD test according to the general characteristics, high group received more test than lower group in age. As the number of infection, below 1 year and alien group were higher than above 1 year in prostitution period and Korean in partener of prostitution. There were no differences in other characterristics. 4. As the level of perception according to general characteristics, high group was higher level of susceptibility than low group in age. Below middle school group was higher level of potential for recovery and mortality than above high school group in education. Also above 1 year group in duration of prostitution perceived VD as dirty but acceptable disease and alien group perceived more painful disease than Korean group in partener of prostitution. As the level of knowledge, above high school group and alien group were higher level in reason of need for regular VD test than below middle school in education and Korean group in partener of prostitution. In the VD itself and test method, below 1 year group was higher level than above 1 year group in period of prostitution. 5. As the level of perception according to STD level high group perceived VD as more painful disease, and less public concern than low group in STD test. But there were no differences in general.

뇌간의 부위별 Enkephalin 함량에 미치는 전기침의 영향

김화연,김중수,이종흔 대한구강생물학회 1987 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.11 No.2

This study was performed to clarify the effect of stimulation of meridian or nonmeridian point on content of methionine-enkephalin (MENK), which was related with analgesia, in brainstem. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and a pair of stimulating electrode was inserted into palatal mucosa as nonmeridian point or Ha-gwan which was known as meridian point for control of oro-facial pain. Experimental animals were divided into control, meridian and nonmeridian group, which were subdivided as noxious stimuli group and innocuous stimuli group, respectively. Noxious stimuli were applied with rectangular pulse of 1 msec duration, 5mA and 45 Hz for 30 minutes, and intensity and duration of innocuous stimulation was 200㎂ and 5 msec, respectively. After stimulation of Ha-gwan or palatal mucosa, animals were sacrificed and brain was removed. Brain was separated into midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata immediately. The content of MENK was analyzed by radioimmunoassay. MENK content of midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata was not changed by innocuous stimulation of meridian point and decreased by noxious stimulation. Noxious and innocuous stimulation of palatal mucosa produced decrease of MENK in midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. And content of MENK showed no difference between meridian and nonmeridian group. In summary, change of MENK content in brainstem was not influenced by position of peripheral stimulation and depended on intensity of stimulation. Decrease in MENK content of brainstem could be related to analgesic effect of peripheral conditioned-stimulation.

출력귀환과 스카이 훅 제어 방식에 의한 차량 현가 장치의 성능에 관한 연구

김재열,이규태,송찬일,정동화,서윤종,유신 한국공작기계학회 1996 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.5 No.4

The dynamic model of the suspension system is developed by using both sky-hook control and output feedback control techniques, based on the performance sensitivity index. Many vehicles use sky-hook control theory operated with only one sensor, due to relatively low cost and easy implementation. On the other hand, output feedback control implemented with state variables has difficulties in measuring such as tire deflection, etc.

치과 치료시 잉여아말감과 구강폐액내의 수은함량 추산과 잉여아말감의 적정관리방안

김연화,박태주,이규훈 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1995 環境硏究報 Vol.13 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate the mercurous content of surplus amalgam and washing solution generated from dental treatment. 300 surplus amalgam and washing solution samples were collected from twenty dental clinics in Taegu. The average mercurous amounts of washing solution and surplus amalgam samples were shown as 0.081 mg/day and 16.81 mg/day, respectively. The Shinchon and Keumho stream were shown as 0.027 mg/L and 1.164 mg/L of mercurous concentration, which would be linked to the 86 dental clinics and industrial complex in the survey area. Based on the annual reports of the medical insurance union, the annual amount of discharged mercury in dental clinics to the sewage was estimated to 9,725.59 g in 1990, 10,223.69 g in 1991, 11,585.12 g in 1992 and 12,188.78 g in 1993. It was founded that the amount of discharged mercury from dental clinics was increased every year and was caused by washing solution and surplus amalgam from dental clinics.

섬유강화형 포스트를 이용한 치관-치근 파절의 치료: 증례 보고

임화신,라지영,이광희,안소연,김윤희,금기석,이상봉 大韓小兒齒科學會 2012 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

The crown-root fracture is defined as a fracture of tooth that contains enamel, dentin and cementum with or without pulp exposure. Generally the fracture lines place obliquely from labial surface, between incisal edge of the crown and marginal gingiva, to palatal surface subgingivally. If the fracture line is located supragingivally, the removal of tooth fragment and supragingival restoration can be performed. In subgingival fracture line, the surgical exposure, orthodontic eruption or surgical eruption can be considered. If the fracture line is too deep to restorate, extraction or decoronation can be selected. In children and adolescents, the extraction should be the last option. Another option to select before extraction is the restoration using fiber-reinforced post and the reattachment of tooth fragment. The fiber-rainforced post enhances the retention and the durability of tooth fragment. The reattachment of crown fragment using resin adhesive system is considered minimal invasive treatment biologically. This case reports the treatment of crown-root fracture using the reattachment of crown fragment and the insertion of fiber-reinforced post. 치관-치근 파절은 법랑질, 상아질, 백악질이 모두 포함된 치아의 파절로, 파절선이 대부분 절단연이나 순측의 변연부 치은 에서 구개측 치은열구 하방으로 사선으로 진행된다. 파절선의 위치가 치은 연상이라면 파절편의 제거 및 치은연상 수복을 시 행하고, 치은 연하라면 파절면의 외과적 노출술, 교정적 정출술, 외과적 정출술을 이용한 치아의 수복이 이루어진다. 그 외에 섬유 강화형 포스트를 삽입하여 치관 수복물의 유지력을 높이고, 레진 접착 시스템을 사용하여 치관 파절편을 재부착함으로 써 생물학적으로 최소한으로 침습적인 치료를 하는 방법도 있다. 만약 파절의 정도가 치은 연하로 깊은 경우 발치나 치관절제 술을 이용한 치근의 유지 등을 고려할 수 있다. 본 증례는 치관-치근파절로 내원한 12세 환아로 섬유강화형 포스트를 사용하여 치관 파절편 재부착을 시행하였으며 양호 한 경과를 보여 이를 보고하는 바이다.

처분장근처에서 침식에의한 Sr 화학종의 평형

조윤정,김성현,이인화,김시욱,고문주,박성규,이범규 조선대학교 환경연구소 2000 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.1

Leaching and adsorption equilibria of Sr Chemical Species from the near field of a repository has been studied in solidified cement with Fe and oxidized Fe. The absorption percent, Ads %, and distribution coefficient, K_d were calculated using equilibrium concentration to predict the extent of leaching and adsorption. In the mixed aqueous solutions the Ads % increase as Cement(C)/Water(W) ratios increase and K_d was decreased for Sr. These behaviors were discussed by adsorption and equilibrium of spiked ions. Oxides Fe promoted adsorption of spiked ions, but pure Fe had no effect. E_h values were also estimated and discussed to elucidate oxidation-reduction environment of experimental system.