최근 제주도 도심과 배경지점에서의 CO2 농도 변화 및 복사강제력 영향 연구

이수정 ( Soo-jeong Lee ),송상근 ( Sang-keun Song ),박연희 ( Yeon-hee Park ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.7

The spatial and temporal variations of CO2 concentrations and radiative forcing (RF) due to CO2 were examined at urban center (Yeon-dong) during 2010-2015 and background sites (Gosan) during 2010-2014 on Jeju Island. The RF at the two sites was estimated based on a simplified expression for calculating RF for the study period. Overall, annual mean CO2 concentrations at the Yeon-dong and Gosan sites have gradually increased, and the concentrations were higher at Yeon-dong (401-422 ppm) than at Gosan (398-404 ppm). The maximum CO2 concentrations at the two sites were observed in winter or spring, followed by fall and summer, with higher concentrations at Yeon-dong. The RF at Yeon-dong (annual mean of up to 0.70 W/m2 in 2015) was higher than that at Gosan (up to 0.46 W/m2 in 2014), possibly because of higher CO2 concentrations at Yeon-dong resulting from population growth and human activities (e.g., fossil fuel combustion). The highest monthly mean RFs at Yeon-dong (approximately 0.92 W/m2) and Gosan (0.52 W/m2) were observed in spring 2015 (Yeon-dong) and spring 2013 (Gosan), whereas the lowest RFs (0.17 and 0.31 W/m2, respectively) in fall 2011 (Yeon-dong) and summer in 2012 (Gosan).

실용음악 전공 학생들의 발성치료 전후 성대 및 음성 특성 비교

황연신,심미란,김철준,최용석,김상연,최찬호,선동일,Hwang, Yeon Shin,Shim, Mi Ran,Kim, Chul Jun,Choi, Yong Suk,Kim, Sang Yeon,Choi, Chan Ho,Sun, Dong Il 대한후두음성언어의학회 2016 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Background and Objectives : Many students major in applied music singing have various difficulties in phonation when they sing or perform. But the studies about this cause are lack. The purpose of this study is whether singing voice therapy based on vocal music is effective or not to applied music singing students that have difficulties in phonation. Materials and Methods : Singing voice therapy program had been done to 8 students major in applied music singing during 7 weeks. We did laryngeal stroboscope, perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic examination before and after singing voice therapy to this students. And we studied post examination results have differences or improvements compared to pre examination results. Results : Four male students don't have effective improvement after singing voice therapy but they shows slight improvement in aerodynamic examination values compared to pre examination values. Four female students shows improvement in aerodynamic examination values and pitch range increasing. Above all, one student's vocal nodules disappeared after singing voice therapy. Conclusion : Singing voice therapy based on music singing is very effective to the students major in applied music singing. Above all, their curriculum in applied music singing should include phonation training based on music singing before training perform and technic practices.

당뇨병 백서의 부신 Glomerulosa세포에서 Angiotensin Ⅱ자극후 인지질분해효소 활성의 변화

성연아 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1997 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.20 No.1

연구배경: 당뇨병에서 흔히 고칼륨혈증과 대사성 산혈증을 초래 하는 저aldosterone혈증의 원인은 확실히 밝혀져 있지 않으나 혈중의 renin농도와 ACTH, K^+ 자극에 대한aldosterone의 분비는 다양하였으나 angiotensin Ⅱ(A Ⅱ)자극에 대한 aldosterone의 분비는 공통적으로 감소 되어 있다고 보고되었다. 그러나 이러한 AⅡ 자극 aldosterone분비 감소의 기전은 확실히 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 당뇨병을 유발시킨 백서에서 생체와 시험 관내 aldosterone분비의 변화양상을 관찰하고 AⅡ 자 극 aldosterone 분비의 감소가 세포막 신호전달계의 이 상에 의해 나타나는지 밝히기 위해 AⅡ 작용의 세포막 신호 전달계중 세포내칼슘증가와 PKC활성화에 중요한 PLC 및 PLD의 활성의 변화를 관찰하여 당뇨병에서 AⅡ 자극 aldosterone분비변화의 기전을 AⅡ의 신호 전달계중 인지질분해효소 활성화를 중심으로 밝히고 이러한 변호가 인슐린 치료에 의해 교정되는지 규명하고자 하였다. 방 법: Sprague-Dawley 백서를 정상대조군, streptozotocin으로 당뇨병을 유발시킨 군, 당뇨병 유발후 인슐린으로 혈당조절을 한 세군으로 분류하고 실험시작 2주후 회 생시켜 혈중 renin과 aldosterone을 측정하였다. 부신 glomerulosa세포를 분리한 후 시험관내에서 ACTH와 K^+ 자극 aldosterone 분비 반응의 변화 및 AⅡ 자극 aldosterone 분비 반응을 측정하였다. AⅡ 자극후 PLC 및 PLD의 활성을 반영하는 IP_3, PA,PEt, DAG를 측정하였다. 결 과: 1)당뇨병백서의 혈장 renin활성도와 aldsoterone 농도는 정상 대조군 및 인슐린으로 혈당을 조절한 군과 유 의한 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 2)당뇨병백서의 부신 glomerulosa세포의 기저상태, K^+, ACTH자극 aldosterone 분비는 정상대조군과 차이가 없었으나(p>0.05), AⅡ자극 aldosterone의 분비가 정상대조군과 유의한 차이가 없었다.(p>0.05). 3) AⅡ자극에의한 IP_3와 PA, PET, DAG의 생성은 세균간에 유의한 차이가 없었다.(p>0.05). 결 론: 당뇨병백신에서 부신 glomerulosa세포의 AⅡ자극 aldosterone분비가 감소되며 이러한 AⅡ자극 알도스테론 분비 변화는 인슐린의 치료에 의해 교정되고 PLC와 PLD 활성화후 산물의 생성이 정상군과 차이가 없는 것으로 보아 phospholipase의 활성화이후의 신호 전달체계의 결함에 의할 것으로 생각되었다. Objectives : Diabetic patients develop hypoaldosteronism which frequently caused hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis and diabetic hypoaldosteronism is associated with selective unresponsiveness of aldosterone to angiotensin Ⅱ(AⅡ), but mechanism of defect in AⅡ stimulated aldosterone response still remain unclear. To elucidate the mechanism of defect in AⅡ stimulated aldosterone response and whether the defect was corrected by insulin treatment. author evaluated the responses of aldosterone production to AⅡ, K^+ and ACTH. I also evaluated the products of phospholipase C(PLC) and phospholipase D(PLD) activation important for increase of intracellular calcium and protein kinase C activation after AⅡ activation in adrenal glomerulosa cells prepared from streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Methods : Two weeks after induction of diabetes by streptozotocin, rats were sacrificed by decapitation. The aldosterone production to AⅡ, K^+ and ACTH was measured by RIA. Inositol triphosphate(IP_3) and diacylglycerol(DAG) generated by activation of PLC and phosphatidic acid(PA), phosphatidylethanol(PEt) and DAG generated by activation of PLD were measured by anion exchange column and thin layer chromatography. Results : 1) Plasma renin activity and aldosterone level were not different among control rats, untreated and insulin treated diabetic rats. 2) basal, ACTH and K^+-stimulated aldosterone production were similar in cells from the three groups(p>0.05), but AⅡ stimulated aldosterone production was significantly decreased in cells from untreated diabetic rats compared with control and insulin treated diabetic rats(p<0.05). 3) AⅡ-induced IP_3, PA, PEt and DAG generation was similar among the three groups(p>0.05). Conclusion : These results suggested that decreased AⅡ-stimulated aldosterone response was present in glomerulosa cells from strepzptocin induced diabetic rats and reversed by insulin treatments. The main defect of altered AⅡ response of zona glomerulosa might be located in the step distal to the activation of phospholipase.

치 위생사들의 수행업무 실태조사 : 보건소 및 보건지소를 중심으로

성정희,정연강 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 1997 중앙간호논문집 Vol.1 No.2

This study is performed to find the current trends and the desired roles of dental hygienists who are working at the public health centers or it's branches in Korea and to suggest the ideal roles of public health dental hygienists as from dental assisting at present to playing the roles of preventive dentistry affairs in the future. 242 dental hygienists who were working at the public health centers were joind for this study with questionare method and be asked such points as the situations that they are working, present roles they are doing and the desirable roles that they want. The obtained results are as folliwings. 1. 65.8% of dental hygienists were working at the dental clinic of the public health centers and 25.6% of dental hygienists were proved that they were doing the indifferent jobs for dental hygienists. 2. The main role of the public health dental hyginist was rerealed the chairside dental assisting at presnt, and 35.7% of them desired to take a role of preventive dentistry works and 37.2% of them hope to task the oral health education at primary schools. 3. The most of public health dental hygienists deired to focus taking such roles as fluoride mouthrinsing program, oral health education, toothbrushing instruction, pit & fissure sealing, management of school dental clinic and oral health survey, even though they had not been performing the works so much.

미성숙영구치의 복합항생제 적용에 의한 변색의 처치: 증례보고

박소연,김영재,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,김종철,한세현,현홍근 大韓小兒齒科學會 2012 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

The concept of revascularization of necrotic pulps regained interest and became an alternative conservative treatment option for young permanent teeth with immature roots. Revascularization of immature teeth with apical periodontitis depends mainly on disinfection of the canal. Since the infection of the root canal system is considered to be polymicrobial, a combination of drugs would be needed to treat the diverse flora. A triple antibiotic mixture of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline was used as an intracanal medicament. However, discoloration was developed after applying the triple antibiotic mixture. It is believed that the marked discoloration is related to the use of minocycline. The aim of this article was to present cases of coronal discoloration after triple antibiotic therapy in immature tooth and was treated with bleaching technique to control coronal discoloration. In conclusion, revascularization by using triple antibiotics promotes a paradigm shift in treating endodontically involved permanent teeth. However, we should understand that triple antibiotics containing minocycline induces tooth discoloration. Further research to prevent coronal discoloration should be investigated and suggested for the safe use of triple antibiotics. 괴사된 미성숙영구치의 치수치료에 있어서 치수의 재혈관화를 통해 치근단 발육 및 치근형성을 지속하려는 개념이 소개됨 으로써 현재 미성숙영구치의 치수치료의 대안으로 제시되고 있다. 이러한 치근단 염증을 가진 미성숙 영구치의 재혈관화를 위해서는 가장 중요한 것이 근관내 감염된 부분을 확실히 제거하는 살균(disinfection)이다. 근관 내 감염은 여러 세균의 복 합작용으로 일어나기 때문에 철저한 살균에 사용되는 약제의 조합은 다양한 범위의 균주를 모두 제거 가능해야한다. Metronidazole(MN), ciprofloxacin(CF), minocycline(MC)의 세 가지 복합항생제가 약제로 사용되고 있으나 이 복합항생 제 적용 후 치관변색을 일으키는 사례가 보고되고 있다. 이러한 치관변색은 항생제의 성분 중 MC에 의한 것으로 여겨지고 있으며, 본 증례에서는 복합항생제 적용에 의해 야기된 치관변색의 증례를 소개하고 이를 표백술로 처치하여 최종 수복한 증 례를 보고하였다. 복합항생제 적용을 통해 미성숙영구치의 치수치료에 새로운 패러다임을 제시한 것은 분명하지만 치관변색 등의 부작용이 있음을 인지하고 치관변색을 사전에 예방하고 최소화하기 위해 다양한 방법이 강구되어야 할 것이다.

어머니의 결혼만족도 및 양육행동과 아동의 능력(competence)발달과의 관계

박성연 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1992 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.61 No.2

Recently, arguments have been forwarded regarding the significance of martial quality in investigating the family context of early childhood development. The current study examines the associations among marital quality, parenting behavior, and childrens competencies. One hundred seventy eight mothers of preschool children served as subjects. Mothers completed the questionnaires concerning marital quality, parenting behavior, and childrens competencies. The main results were as follows: 1) Mothers marital quality appeared to be positively associated with mothers parenting behavior; Mothers who were happily married inclined to show more reasoning guidance, consistent limit setting an intimate behavior. 2) Mothers marital quality is positively related to childs competencies. 3) Among the selected demographic variables, childs sex and mothers education were the significant variable related to childs competencies. 4) Reasoning guidance, marital quality, childs sex, and intimacy were found to be most significant variables to predict the level of childs competencies. 5) Marital quality has not only direct association but also indirect association through parenting behavior with childs competencies. In conclusion, The hypothesis that good marital quality would be associated with good parenting and childrens competencies was generally supported by the data. Direct and indirect associations between the demographic variables (the mothers educational level and the childs sex), marital quality, parenting, and childs competencies are discussed.

테니스 포핸드 스트로크 시 왼팔의 이용 유무가 스트로크의 정확성에 미치는 영향

우상연,최성범,김호묵 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2011 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare accuracy and kinematic characteristics of forehand strokes upon using the left-hand and non the using left hand in tennis. Six unskilled collegiate players who complied primary tennis course participated in this study. Subjects were requested to hit 10 balls with 4 types each: first, it was two directions(down the line, cross), second, it was two velocities(slow ball, fast ball) and then it was type of using left hand. Variables such as accuracy, time, distance, angle and velocity variables were measured by USPTA method and video cameras. The results of this study are as follows: 1) accuracy of hitting balls was not different according to the type of using left hand. While there was an interaction between ball velocity and hitting direction. 2) impact positions of hitting ball were not different according to the type of using left hand. While impact positions were done near by target direction in cross direction then down the line direction. 3) shoulder rotation angle was not different according to the type of using left hand. While shoulder rotation angle was grater in down the line direction than cross direction. 4) the maximum velocity of racket head was faster in using left hand than non using left hand.

원적산 봉수대 주변정비 기본계획

이상진,김기수,강영조,조승래,홍순연 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2006 硏究論文集 Vol.29 No.2

문화재란 문화가치가 있는 사물로서 국가 가 종교적·세속적 근거에 따라 특별히 지정 한 재산이다. 문화재는 그것이 구현하는 정신적 가치와 시각적 음향적으로 표현하는 수단으로서 그 나라의 독특하고, 다양한 주체성을 보존하는 중요한 매체이기도 하다. 그러므로 문화재는 한나라의 민족역사와 문화로서 과거의 모습을 통해 현재 그리고 나아가 미래를 연결시키는 하나의 매개체인 것이다. 또한 문화재는 그 지역민에게 향토사적 인 자긍심 및 연대의식을 고취시키는 동시에 나아가 한 나라, 세계적인 관심사로 여겨 야 할 것이다. 원적산 봉수대는 양산군청 소재지에서 북쪽으로 약 9.2㎞, 통도사입구 마을인 신평에서 남쪽으로 8㎞지점에 있다. 이 봉수대는 경상남도 기념물 제 118호로써 원적산봉수대 보존회에 의해 복원된 문화재이다. 즉 다른 지역의 문화재와 달리 잊혀 져가는 문화재의 재생을 통해 다시 태어난 문화재인 것이다. 원적산 봉수대 주변정비 기본계획의 목적 은 지역민의 자긍심으로 복원된 봉수대와 주 변과 접근로를 체계적으로 정비를 함으로써 접근성, 전통성, 보존성을 높이고자 한다. 특히, 문화재보호를 위한 제반 법규 및 현지여건에 부합하는 정비방향을 설정하고, 전문 인력과 관련문헌을 바탕으로 문화재 주변을 역사성과 주민친화성, 기능성, 관광성을 함께 갖춘 문화공간으로서의 미래지향적 문화재정비 계획을 추구하고자 한다.

인체 유방암종에서 Cyclic-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor, p27^Kip1 발현의 의의

송상용,김덕환,서연림,고영혜,김대식,남석진,양정현 대한병리학회 1998 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.32 No.12

AHP를 이용한 입지평가 및 대응전략 연구

이상훈,김수연 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2012 情報通信硏究 Vol.9 No.1

본 논문은 다기준 의사결정 기법의 하나인 계층분석과정(AHP: Analytic Hierarchy Process)을 이용 하여 입지평가 모형을 수립하고 이에 대한 실증분석을 실시한다. 먼저 기존 연구를 통하여 입지선정 이 잘 이루어졌는지 확인하기 위한 평가요소를 도출하고 이를 이용하여 대학 사례에 대한 입지선정 평가모형을 수립한다. 평가요소들 간의 상대적 중요도를 파악하고 AHP를 적용하여 각 대안들 간의 우선순위를 산출한다. 대학 사례를 통하여 평가기준별 순위와 전체적인 순위를 제시하고 이에 따른 대학별 대응전략을 제시한다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 결과를 요약하고 향후 연구방향을 제시한다. This paper conducts an empirical analysis of location assessment using AHP(analytic hierarchy process), one of multi-criteria decision making techniques. First, we identify assessment criteria to evaluate location selection from literature review and establish a model of university location assessment based on identified criteria. Relative importance of each evaluation criterion is derived and then priorities of all possible alternatives are calculated. We rank each alternative by evaluation criteria and overall and propose responding strategies of the universities based on the evaluation results. Finally, we summarize the research and present future research direction