Bi-factor MIRT True-Score Equating for Testlet-Based Tests

이규민(Gue min Lee),Won Chan Lee,Michael J Kolen,박인용(In Yong Park),Dong In Kim,Ji Seung Yang 한국교육평가학회 2015 교육평가연구 Vol.28 No.2

Lee and Lee (2014) proposed bi-factor multidimensional item response theory model (BFM) "observed-score" equating procedures. The main purposes of this study were to develop BFM "true-score" equating procedures, and to investigate applicability of the proposed procedures with actual data. Eight equating methods (including both true- and observed-score) based on dichotomous IRT (2-parameter logistic model: 2PL), polytomous IRT (graded response model: GRM), testlet response model (TRM), and BFM were compared with target equipercentile equating. Data for this study were from the Reading Comprehension test for a large-scale state assessment program, which consisted of several passages and corresponding groups of items. True- and observed-score equating methods based upon 2PL and BFM produced similar equating results. The GRM true- and observed-score equating methods provided equating results somewhat different from others, and more similar to the target equipercentile equating. Lee와 Lee(2014) 연구는 혼합형 검사에서의 bi-factor 다차원 문항반응모형을 적용한 IRT "관찰점수" 동등화 절차를 제안하였다. 이 연구는 Lee와 Lee(2014) 연구의 추수연구로 단위검사를 대상으로 bi-factor 다차원 문항반응모형을 적용한 IRT "진점수" 동등화 절차를 제안하고, 그 적용 가능성을 실제 자료를 이용하여 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 단위검사로 구성된 대규모 독해 검사 자료를 이용하여, 2모수 로지스틱 모형(2-parameter logistic model: 2PL), 등급반응모형(graded response model: GRM), 단위검사모형(testlet response model: TRM), bi-factor 모형(bi-factor model: BFM)을 적용하였으며, 관찰점수 및 진점수 동등화를 시행하여 총 8개의 동등화 방법을 적용하고, 산출된 결과를 동백분위 동등화 결과와 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 2PL과 BFM을 적용한 관찰점수 및 진점수 동등화는 유사한 결과를 산출하였으며, GRM을 적용한 관찰점수 및 진점수 동등화 방법은 다른 방법들과 다소 차이를 보이는 결과를 산출하였고, 비교 기준이 된 동백분위 동등화 결과와 보다 유사한 결과를 보였다.

BEZ235 (PIK3/mTOR inhibitor) Overcomes Pazopanib Resistance in Patient-Derived Refractory Soft Tissue Sarcoma Cells

Kim, Hee Kyung,Kim, Sun Young,Lee, Su Jin,Kang, Mihyeon,Kim, Seung Tae,Jang, Jiryeon,Rath, Oliver,Schueler, Julia,Lee, Dong Woo,Park, Woong Yang,Kim, Sung Joo,Park, Se Hoon,Lee, Jeeyun Neoplasia Press 2016 Translational oncology Vol.9 No.3

<P><I>BACKGROUND:</I> Although pazopanib treatment has become the standard chemotherapy in salvage setting for metastatic sarcoma patients, most patients progress after pazopanib treatment in 4 to 6 months. After failure to pazopanib, patients have limited options for treatment. Therefore, subsequent therapy in patients who failed to pazopanib is urgently needed and the use of patient derived cells or patient derived tumors for accompanying testing with various pharmacological inhibitors could offer additional treatment options for these patients. <I>METHODS:</I> Patient derived tumor cells were collected from ascites at the time of progression to pazopanib and a 13-drug panel was tested for drug sensitivity. We confirmed the results using <I>in vitro</I> cell viability assay and immunoblot assay. We also performed the genomic profiling of PDX model. <I>RESULTS:</I> The growth of patient derived tumor cells was significantly reduced by exposure to 1.0 μM AZD2014 compared with control (control versus AZD2014, mean growth = 100.0% vs 16.04%, difference = 83.96%, 95% CI = 70.01% to 97.92%, <I>P</I> = .0435). Similarly, 1.0 μM BEZ235 profoundly inhibited tumor cell growth <I>in vitro</I> when compared to control (control versus BEZ235, mean growth = 100.0% vs 7.308%, difference = 92.69%, 95% CI = 78.87% to 106.5%, <I>P</I> < .0001). Despite the presence of CDK4 amplification in the patient-derived tumor cells, LEE011 did not considerably inhibit cell proliferation when compared with control (control vs LEE011, mean growth = 100.0% vs 80.23%, difference = 19.77%, 95% CI = 1.828% to 37.72%, <I>P</I> = .0377). The immunoblot analysis showed that BEZ235 treatment decreased pAKT, pmTOR and pERK whereas AZD2014 decreased only pmTOR. <I>CONCLUSION:</I> Taken together, upregulation of mTOR/AKT pathway in sarcoma patient derived cells was considerably inhibited by the treatment of AZD2014 and BEZ235 with downregulation of AKT pathway (greater extent for BEZ235). These molecules may be considered as treatment option in STS patient who have failed to pazopanib in the context of clinical trials.</P>

한의학(韓醫學)의 좌우이론(左右理論)에 관(關)한 고찰(考察)

박승미,박히준,이향숙,손양선,임사비나,이혜정,Park Seung-Mi,Park Hi-Joon,Lee Hyang-Sook,Son Yang-Sun,Lim Sa-Bi-Na,Lee Hye-Jung 경락경혈학회 2001 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.18 No.1

We could summerize the concept of the right and left mentioned in Nai-Gyung and some literature of oriental medicine as follow At first the right and left is a directional right and left which implys left-liver-right-lung(左肝右肺), left-yang-right-eum(左陽右陰), secondly it is also the road of eumyang which implys man-left-woman-right(男左女右), left-blood-right-ki(左血右氣), left-sinsu-right-myungmon(左腎水右命門), and left-right of pulse. left-liver-right-lung(左肝右肺), left-yang-right-eum(左陽右陰) and man-left-woman-right(男左女右) are expressions of the movement of yang which is a core of chang, at the same time, left-blood-right-ki(左血右氣), left-sinsu-right-myungmon(左腎水右命門), and left-right of pulse are expressions of the eum in response to the movement of yang. (go up and down of water and fire) Finally, both a directional right and left and a road of eumyang mean a road of going up and down of eumyang so, this is very important index in circulation and keeping ballance of eumyang (ki-Hyul:氣血) in the human body therefore, we can treat a disease with acupuncture in the use of this charater, for example when a disease occurs in the left side, we can treat it with acupuncture in the right side, the same applys to right.

가평 전주이씨묘 출토복식 고찰

최연우,박윤미,김윤경,김지희,박양희,이선우,차서연,편나영,황혜남,Choi, Yeon Woo,Park, Yoon Mee,Kim, Yoon Gyung,Kim, Ji Hee,Park, Yang Hee,Lee, Seon U,Cha, Seo Yeon,Pyeon, Na Young,Hwang, Hye Nam 한국의류학회 2017 한국의류학회지 Vol.41 No.5

In 1995, the costumes were restored in an unknown woman's tomb at the Jeonju Lee's family cemetery in Gapyeong, Gyeonggi-Do, and there are currently nine items remaining. In this study, we first introduced these 9 relics to academia and analyzed the morphological characteristics of the costumes. We also estimated the time and person of burial compared with costumes unearthed from other burials. Jeogories (short jacket) are all four items. One of these items was unusual in shape, and the upper part of the seop (gusset) was wrinkled and shaped. This type of Jeogori appears only till the 1520s in other tombs. There are also two skirts, one of which is characterized by a superimposed pattern. The top and bottom / middle part of the skirt were rolled up, and the skirt, which was double-rolled up in this way, was first discovered. An analysis of the shape of Jeogori and skirt indicated that the person buried in the Jeonju Lee's family tomb was believed to have survived until the early 16th century. Based on these estimated periods, as a result of looking at the genealogy of Jeonju Lee's family, it was concluded that the tomb was probably a woman named Lee Geum Myeong (李金命) born in the mid-15C and died between the late 15C and the early 16C.

한의학(韓醫學)의 좌우리론(左右理論)에 관(關)한 고찰(考察)

박승미 ( Seung Mi Park ),박히준 ( Hi Joon Park ),이향숙 ( Hyang Sook Lee ),손양선 ( Yang Sun Son ),임사비나 ( Sabina Lim ),이혜정 ( Hye Jung Lee ) 대한경락경혈학회 2001 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.18 No.1

We could summerize the concept of the right and left mentioned in Nai-Gyung and some literature of oriental medicine as follow At first the right and left is a directional right and left which implys left-liver-right-lung(左肝右肺), left-yang-right-eum(左陽右陰), secondly it is also the road of eumyang which implys man-left-woman-right (男左女右), left-blood-right-ki(左血右氣), left-sinsu-right-myungmon(左腎水右命門), and left-right of pulse. left-liver-right-lung(左肝右肺), left-yang-right-eum(左陽右陰) and man-left-woman-right(男左女右) are expressions of the movement of yang which is a core of chang, at the same time, left-blood-right-ki(左血右氣), left-sinsu-right-myungmon(左腎水右命門), and left-right of pulse are expressions of the eum in response to the movement of yang. (go up and down of water and fire) Finally, both a directional right and left and a road of eumyang mean a road of going up and down of eumyang so, this is very important index in circulation and keeping ballance of eumyang (ki-Hyul: 氣血) in the human body therefore, we can treat a disease with acupuncture in the use of this charater, for example when a disease occurs in the left side, we can treat it with acupuncture in the right side, the same applys to right.

리네졸리드로 치료한 반코마이신 내성 Enterococcus faecium 뇌수막염 : 증례보고 및 문헌고찰

이창섭,박성주,이용철,이양근,이흥범 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.3

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infection is a serious problem because optimal therapy has not been established. Different agents in various combinations, including teicoplanin, chloramphenicol, and quinupristin/dalfopristin, have been used to treat patients with VRE meningitis, but the efficacy of these agents is not satisfactory because of their limited ability to penetrate into the cerebrospinal fluid. We report a case of nosocomial vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium meningitis in a patient with ventriculoperitoneal shunt that was successfully treated with linezolid. We will also review previously reported cases of vancomycinresistant E. faecium meningitis treated by linezolid.

유기용제노출이 직업적 청력손실에 미치는 영향

이지호,고영주,이헌,강정학,유철인,이충렬,김양호 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

목적 : 산업 장에서 노출되는 유기용제가 청력역치에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 5년 동안의 추적조사를 통하여 파악하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 유기용제와 소음에 동시에 노출된 근로자 43명과 소음노출수준, 연령, 근무경력을 짝짓기 한소음노출군을 대상으로 문진과 이경검사, 소음노출 수준, 유기용제노출수준을 조사하였다. 결과 : 1. 전체 근로자의 각 주파수별 청력역치 변화양상에서 500Hz∼2000Hz에서는 추적기간 동 소음동안 현저한 변화가 없었고, 4000Hz 및 8000Hz에서는 역치가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 2.유기용제와 소음에 동시에 노출된군에서 소음 노출군에 비해 4000Hz 이상에서 청력역치가 높게 나타났으나, 통계적인 유의성은 없었다(p(0.05). 3.반복측정 분산분석 법으로 각 주파수별 평균청력 역치의 연차적 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 유기용제 노출은 통계적으로 유의한 영향이 없었으나(p)0.05), 소음노출수준은 250Hz, 2000Hz 및 4000Hz에서, 연령은 250Hz와 500Hz에서 통계학적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p(0.05). 4.소음노출군파 동시노출군 각각에서의 청력역치 변화량을 paired t-test로 비교한 결과 250Hz∼4000Hz에서는 통계학적 유의성이 없었으며(p(0.1), 8000Hz에서만 경계치 (p=0.0884)의 유의성을 나타내었다. 5.요인들의 영향을 보정한 상태에서 관찰하기 위해 관찰기간동안의 청력역치변화량을 종속변수로 두고 일반선형모형을 이용하여 주파수별로 관찰한 결과 8000Hz에서만 모델에 통계학적 유의성이 있었으며 (p(0.05), 여기서 소음노출수준이 통계학적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고(p(0.05), 유기용제노출은 경 계수준이 었다(p=0.087). 결론 : 청력에 대한 유기용제의 영향이 소음과 연령에 비해 상대적으로 미미하여 명확한 결론에 이르지는 못하였으나, 다소 영향이 있는 것으로 생각되어 유기용제의 영향에 대한 추가연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 보다 효과적인 근로자들의 청력관리를 위해서는 소음 외 산업 장에서 동시에 노출되는 여러 유해물질들을 고려하여야 할 것이다. Objectives : This study was to evaluate the impacts of simultaneous exposure to noise and mixed solvents on workers'hearing threshold level (HTL) over five-year period. Methods : The study was conducted by interview and annual audiometric test on workers in ship building industry from 1994 to 1998. The cases(workers who exposed to noise and mixed solvent simultaneously) were 43 male workers and controls (workers who exposed to nolle) were selected by matching method with regard to age, sex, carrier, and noise exposure level. To assess the impacts of solvent exposure on hearing threshold level, with considering other factors, general liner model was used. Results : 1. The audiogram of all subjects showed typical sensorineural hearing loss pattern. The mean HTLe were increased at high frequency (4000HB and 8000Hz) for study period. 2. The HTLs of cases were more increased than those of controls at high frequencies (4000Hz and 8000Hz), but there was not statlstical significance. 3. The impact of age on the HTL was statistically significant at 250Hz and 500Hz (p(0.05), and the impact of noise on the HTL was statistically significant at 250Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz (p(0.05), but the impact solvent exposure on the HTL was not significant. 4. The changes in HTLs of cases were higher than those of controls at high frequency, there were not statistical significance at 4000Hz, but only at 8000Hz (p=0.087). 5. Statistical analysis of the general linear model implicated that the changes in HTL was impacted by noise exposure bevel significantly (p=0.031) and Impacted by solvent exposure weakly (p=0.087) at 8000Hz. Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that workers who simultaneously exposed to noise and mixed solvent were at risk for more affected HTL than those exposed to noise exposure only, but we could not find definitive evidence. Further detailed studies must be made in large number of workers.

Overexpression of Zoysia ZjCIGR1 gene confers cold stress resistance to zoysiagrass

Yang‑Ji Kim,Dae‑Hwa Yang,Mi‑Young Park,Hyeon‑Jin Sun,Pill‑Soon Song,Hong‑Gyu Kang,Seok‑Cheol Suh,Yong‑Eok Lee,이효연 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.1

Zoysia japonica Steud. is a warm-season lawn grass popular in Korea and elsewhere. They are cultivated in many places such as river banks, roadside, and play grounds. However, there still is a disadvantage of frequent mowing, and the grass grows poorly under the chilly conditions. To develop a grass variety that circumvents these drawbacks, we cloned the chitininducible gibberellins-responsive1 gene (CIGR1) from zoysiagrass. The full length of the ZjCIGR1 (Zj; Zoysia japonica Steud.) gene was obtained by 5′/3′ RACE PCR and the phylogenetic tree showed that it belonged to the CIGR1-subgroup in the PAT1-group of GRAS protein family. Expression of the ZjCIGR1 in wild-type plants was confirmed in roots, meristems, leaves, and flowers, especially high in the flowers. The transgenic zoysiagrass was confirmed by PCR using gene-specific primers, phosphinothricin-acetyl-transferase (PAT) strip test, and Southern blot analysis. ZjCIGR1-overexpressing plants acquired tolerance to cold stress displaying morphological phenotypes characteristic of stress resistance. In addition, in the transformants, expression of the ZjCIGR1 as well as cold-regulated (COR) gene was increased compared to the wild-type plants under cold stress condition. These results suggest that ZjCIGR1 gene is an important candidate for regulating cold stress resistance.

人參Saponin이 羊腎臟 Na^(+),K^(+)ATPase의 K^(+)依存性 Phosphatase活性에 미치는 影響

이정수,이신웅,이양욱 대구산업정보대학 1987 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

Isolation and Transcriptional Expression of CuZn Superoxide Dismutase from Codonopsis lanceolata

Lee,Kang,In,Jun-Gyo,Yu,Chang-Yeon,Yun,Song-Joong,Min,Byung-Hoon,Rho,Yeong-Deok,Kim,Moo-Sung,Yang,Deok-Chun 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.3

To investigate the defense mechanism against the abiotic stress, a cDNA clone encoding a CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) protein was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from tabroot mRNAs of Codonopsis lanceolata. The eDNA, designated ClSODCc, is 799 nucleotides long and has an open reading frame of 459 bp with a deduced amino acid sequence of 152 residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of ClSODCc matched to the previously reported CuZnSODs. Consensus amino acid residues (His-45, -47, -62, -70, -79, -119 and Asp-82) were involved in Cu-, Cu/Zn-, and Zn- binding ligands. The deduced amino acid sequence of ClSODCc showed high homologies (82%-86%) regardless of species. Expression of ClSODCc by oxidative stress was increased up to 1 h after treatment and declined gradually. Much earlier and stronger expression of ClSODCc was observed in the cold stress treatment.