Ordered porous TiO2 films obtained by freezing and the application in dye sensitized solar cells

Xingxing Wang,Bingchu Yang,Kechao Zhou,Dou Zhang,Zhiyou Li,Conghua Zhou 한국물리학회 2015 Current Applied Physics Vol.15 No.5

TiO2 films with ordered porous structure were prepared by freezing. By simply freezing wet TiO2 film on a cold copper plate, ice crystals could grow from bottom of film. Removing such ice crystals then led to ordered, micro-sized pores in the films. With assistance of scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorptionedesorption isotherms, micro-structural properties of the films were studied. Coarsening behavior of ice crystals was analyzed based on evolvement of the micro-structure. It was found that, both larger film thickness and longer freezing time were beneficial for the formation of ordered porous structure, which was caused by enhanced ice crystals growth. The films were then used to fabricate photoanode of dye sensitized solar cells, of which the photo-to-electric power conversion efficiency was evaluated. It was observed that, solar cell made of ordered porous TiO2 film came out with 13% larger photo-current density comparing to that made of conventional doctor blading method, which is due to the enhanced light scattering by the ordered porous structure.

How to Make and Destroy a “Blood Alliance”? The Ups and Downs of China‐DPRK Relations

Wang Xingxing,Wang Jiajia 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2022 Pacific Focus Vol.37 No.1

The relationship between China and the Korean Peninsula is frequently in flux, and peace and continuity on the peninsula have been critical factors for dynastic stability. After 1949, China moved quickly to restore influence between the PRC and the DPRK. The PRC-DPRK relationship was propelled forward by personal bonds between leaders and citizens, the disputes with Taiwan and South Korea, the attraction of a relationship founded on equal and mutual assistance, and so forth. However, over time, the relationship was deeply undermined by an excessive reliance on the personal actions of leaders, clear ideological differences, gaps in the cognition of the global situation between the two countries, and the perception by the Chinese that North Korea's demands for economic assistance were excessive. The consequence was a loosening and weakening of this relationship. The two countries perceived the international situation in profoundly different ways. Over time, the two nations expressed deep differences on political issues, and rifts emerged concerning the fundamental developmental model. North Korea's “equality” and “equal” distance diplomacy created much frustration in China-DPRK relations. The political and diplomatic relationship between China and North Korea followed a complex pattern of differentiation, separation, and bridging that made cooperation problematic.

Analysis of the Relations between Chinese Aircraft Carriers and the Maritime Order of the South China Sea

Xingxing Wang,Jiyong Zheng 한국국방연구원 2022 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.34 No.3

China has gradually shifted its geopolitical focus from land-based control to seabased developments out of both security and economic considerations. Marked by the official launch of its aircraft carriers a decade ago, China has dedicated resources to building up its navy as a blue water force rather than the offshore defensive force that it had primarily been until that point. Meanwhile, by serving as the pillar of sea power, these aircraft carriers will play more important roles in China’s naval development, ultimately reshaping the global strategic picture of sea power. This article aims to explore the influence of Chinese aircraft carriers to maritime order of the South China Sea and strategic pattern of global sea power by analyzing the Chinese aircraft carrier fleet’s operational design and the reconstruction of China’s naval strategy. The presence of Chinese aircraft carriers in the South China Sea and their inherent combat capabilities has inevitably casted a subversive light on the region and brought the attention of the United States’ and other regional actors’ own activities and strategies for the region. This research has great significance for understanding China's grand strategic conception and practice on the South China Sea issue as well as the construction of a new maritime order in the context of China–U.S. competition.

Nitro-oleic Acid Decreases Transcription of the Angiotensin II Type I Receptor Gene in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells

Huan Wang,Hongsheng Ouyang,Yaping Tian,Zhuang Liu,Xiaolei Han,Xingxing Liu,Guangyao Ran,Gangqi Wang,Daxin Pang,Xiaochun Tang 한국생물공학회 2014 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.19 No.4

Nitroalkene derivatives of nitro-oleic acid(OA-NO2) regulate pluripotent cell signaling in vivo underphysiological and pathological conditions. Angiotensin IItype 1 receptor (AT1R) plays an important role in thecardiovascular system. In this study, OA-NO2 reduced theAT1R mRNA level, specifically in primary smooth musclecells, showing a 70% reduction in rat smooth muscle cells(RASMCs) and a 50% reduction in pig smooth musclecells (PASMCs). These effects were not observed in CHOcells, which highly express AT1R. The AT1R mRNA decayrate was unchanged after OA-NO2 compared with OAtreatment. Nitric oxide (NO) and peroxisome proliferatoractivatedreceptor gamma (PPARγ) did not alter thereduced effects of OA-NO2 on the AT1R mRNA level inSMCs. However, Sp1-mediated activation of the AT1Rpromoter was reduced in response to OA-NO2 in RASMCsbut not 293T cells. In addition, the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) pathway was involved in the OA-NO2-mediateddownregulation of AT1R transcription in SMCs. Takentogether, our results demonstrate that OA-NO2 specificallyinhibits AT1R mRNA expression in primary smooth musclecells via the NF-κB pathway.

A Lightweight Scan Architecture against the Scan-based Side-channel Attack

Xiangqi Wang,Xingxing Gong,Xianmin Pan,Weizheng Wang 대한전자공학회 2023 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.23 No.4

The demand for cryptographic chips is growing rapidly in the market nowadays. Chips must undergo rigorous testing in order to promote quality. Scan-based design for testability (DFT) is widely used to improve the quality of testing. However, scan chain technology also provides illegal users with convenience. They can steal sensitive information of circuit under test (CUT) during testing, which seriously threatens the security of IP cores. Currently, researchers have proposed many secure strategies, but most of them affect the test quality or cause larger hardware overhead. In this paper, we propose a lightweight scan architecture against the scan-based side-channel attack. In this method, a number of logic gates, a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) and two corresponding counters are integrated into the design in order to ensure the security of the design. The normal scan operation can be performed only if users enter the correct scan input key at the K clock cycles. Otherwise, the scheme will incur scan obfuscation. Therefore, illegal users can only observe some incorrect responses from the scan output port. It is known from simulation results and theoretical analysis that the scheme is able to successfully defend against the scan-based side-channel attack while having extremely low overhead and high testability.

Research on the Construction of Agricultural and Forestry Product Channels for Rural Revitalization

何星星(Xingxing HE),王珂(Ke WANG),糜燕(Yan MI),张松涛(Songtao ZHANG),陶婷婷(Tingting TAO),杨坤颖(Kunying YANG) Korea Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences 2023 Journal of Global Arts Studies (JGAS) Vol.1 No.1

【背景】乡村振兴其目的是为了使乡村产业兴旺、村民富裕,构建乡村数字供应链是实现宏伟目标的重要路径之一。【目的】提出乡村农林产品数字供应链建议,构建稳健可持续的数字供应链,培育乡村产业及优化产业结构,富裕乡村,实现乡村振兴。【方法】通过实地访谈村镇干部、农民、乡村企业掌握了乡村产业链发展与建设的现状及问题、农林产品消费需求,提出了以需求端为核心构建乡村农林产品数字供应链模型及元素,基于层次分析模型,计算出各要素权重,形成主次分析、层级清晰的数字供应链网络结构。【结果】构建了以龙头企业为核心,多主体协同共育,适合乡村经济发展实际的数字供应链网络、建设重点,从建设规划、数字供应链设计,再到需求可视化、种植加工数字化、专合社经营现代化、物流数字化、风险管理数字化建设方案。【结论】实践证明,数字化技术在推动乡村振兴应用价值明显,推动乡村产业转型升级、提高村民生活水平、建设美丽乡村等,实现产业、组织、人才、文化、生态的全面振兴。 [Background] The purpose of rural revitalization is to promote the prosperity of rural industries and the prosperity of villagers. Building a digital supply chain in rural areas is one of the important paths to achieve the grand goal. [Objective]To propose suggestions for the digital supply chain of rural agricultural and forestry products, build a stable and sustainable digital supply chain, cultivate rural industries and optimize industrial structure, enrich rural areas, and achieve rural revitalization.[Method] Through on-site interviews with village and town officials, farmers, and rural enterprises, had grasped the current situation and problems of the development and construction of rural industrial chains, the demand of agricultural and forestry products, with the demand sort out the digital supply chain of rural agricultural and forestry and element,, calculate the weights by Analytic Hierarchy Process model, form a digital supply chain network structure with clear primary and secondary analysis and hierarchy.[Results]We have built a digital supply chain network system with leading enterprises as the core, multi subject collaborative education, and suitable for the actual development of rural economy. We have elaborated on the key points of rural digital supply chain construction, from construction planning and digital supply chain design, to demand visualization, digitalization of planting and processing, modernization of cooperative operation, digitalization of logistics, and digitalization of risk management.[Conclusion]Practice has proven that digital technology has significant application value in promoting rural revitalization, improving the living standards of villagers, and building beautiful rural areas, achieving overall rural prosperity and achieving comprehensive revitalization of industries, organizations, talents, culture, and ecology.

Multi-Epitope Fusion Protein Eg mefAg-1 as a Serodiagnostic Candidate for Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep

Liu Tianli,Wang Xifeng,Tian Zhenzhong,Wang Lixia,Zhang Xingxing,Qiao Jun,Meng Qingling,Gong Shasha,Chen Ying,Cai Xuepeng 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.57 No.1

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) in sheep is a hazardous zoonotic parasitic disease that is caused by Echinococcus granulosus (Eg). At present, serological test is an important diagnostic method for Eg infection in domestic animals. Here, a fusion protein Eg mefAg-1 harboring 8 dominant B-cell epitopes of Eg such as antigen B, tetraspanin 1, tetraspanin 6, reticulon and Eg95 was produced in E. coli and evaluated for CE in sheep by indirect ELISA. Eg mefAg-1 showed in ELI- SA a high sensitivity (93.41%) and specificity (99.31%), with a coincidence rate of 97.02%. Overall, it is suggested that the Eg mefAg-1 could be a potential antigen candidate for CE serodiagnosis in sheep.

Restructuring the World Order: China's Perspective

Jiyong Zheng,Wang Xingxing,XUE Hao 국방대학교 국가안전보장문제연구소 2022 The Korean Journal of Security Affairs Vol.27 No.1

China-U.S. relations have entered a downward spiral. The structural conflict between China and the United States related to how two countries view the new world order in the future. This article tries to explore the roots and essence of the United States' perception of China, discuss how China views the future world order, analyze the risks of U.S.’s behavior toward China and China's own propositions and claims for the future world order.

Particle resolved CFD simulation on vapor-phase synthesis of vinyl acetate from ethylene in fixed-bed reactor

Yonghui Li,Mingkai Wang,Xingxing Cao,Zhongfeng Geng 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.5

The synthesis of vinyl acetate (VAc) from ethylene is a strongly exothermic reaction that might easily cause catalyst deactivation and reduce selectivity of VAc. Research at the bed scale helps to improve the conversion of C2H4 and the selectivity of VAc. In this study, the discrete element method (DEM) was used to construct a fixed-bed structure model via simulating the filling process of catalyst particles in the reactor. The inlet section of a reaction tube was studied, and its length was 10 cm. The temperature distribution, and the effects of particles size, inlet velocity, inlet temperature and the feed ratio of C2H4 to O2 on the reaction process were studied. Simulated results show that the bed temperature gradually increased from the wall to the center, and the temperature gradient gradually decreased along the radial direction. The maximum temperature was 438.68 K and the temperature difference from the inlet temperature was 5.54 K. Comparing the composite particle packed bed with the single particle size packed bed, the composite packed bed has higher vinyl acetate selectivity. Increasing inlet velocity from 1.5m/s to 3.5m/s, the selectivity of vinyl acetate increased from 91.71% to 92.60%. Adding an inert gas to the feed gas can increase the oxygen concentration and reduce the explosion interval of C2H4, the conversion of C2H4 and the selectivity of vinyl acetate increased.

China’s North Korea Policy in Xi Jinping’s 1<SUP>st</SUP> Administration

Zheng, Jiyong,Zhang, Wenjiang,Wang, Xingxing 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2017 국제학논총 Vol.26 No.-

Xi’s North Korea policy (from 2012-1017) is an important turning point of China’s North Korea policy. It is the new judgment which is based on China’s overall foreign policy. Although the nuke issues lead to new different situation, the geopolitical value of NK (North Korea) does not change much. From a policy view, China’s NK policy should be kept normal, equal, and correlated. Furthermore, China must make a policy of gathering, pressing, pulling and pushing from four dimensions. At the same time, China’s policy toward NK should be more innovative to make and follow more rules and regimes mechanically, to constrain NK to follow the rules, and to pursue the new power balance of the Korean peninsula.