1987년 한국에서 발생한 렙토스피라병의 혈청역학적 조사

이증훈,박영수,이우곤,김석용,정선식,우준희,박성광,박경희,송영욱,김선영,기정일,최두혁,강성귀,김주완,최강원,김우열,최명식,최인학,장우현,윤성열 대한감염학회 1988 감염 Vol.20 No.3

Human leptospirosis was an unfamiliar disease in Korea until 1984 that outbreak of leptospirosis occurred among farmers and soldiers after field works for harvesting rice. During that time, Lee and Jo confirmed the first Korean cases of leptospirosis by serological test, isolation of causative agent and autopy findings. Afterward several outbreaks occurred also during autumn especially after flood in every years and some characterisitcs of leptospirosis in Korea such as clinical manifestations, serotypes and seroepidemiological features has been revealed by many investigators. Because of the major mode of transmission between rodents and human is by direct contact with leptospiral urine of rodents or contaminated soil by the urine, leptospirosis in Korea has been primarily a disease of person in occupations heavily exposed to contaminated soil or infected urine such as farmer, army and etc. Therefore it seems that leptospirosis is one of the main communicable diseases to be controlled urgently in Korea, for an agricultural people account for almost half of total Korean people. For clarifying the seroepidemiological patterns of human leptospirosis in Korea by sex, month region and main reacting serovars of L. interrogans among acute febrile disease occurred in 1987, 1,773 patient's sers with acute febrile episodes were tested by microagglutination test using 19 representative strains of leptospiral serogroup as antigen. All of those sera were collected from 10 collaborative clinics located in Kyunggi, Kangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Chonbuk, Chonnam province and Seoul. The results wee summerized as follows. 1) Among 1,773 sera of patients with acute febrile episodes, 219 (12.4%) were seropositive to L. interrogans, 487(27.5%) to R. tsutsugamushi, 241(13.6%) to R.typhi and 160(90.0%) to Hantaan virus. 2) Among seropositives to L.interrogans, the male outnumbered the female, 65% and 35%. 3) For age distribution, 26.9% of seropositives to L.interrogans were fifties, 19.6% were forties, 9.1% were sixties, 5.9% were thirties and 4.1% were twenties. 4) Eighty three percent of seropositives had occurred between September and October in 1987 with a peak in September. 5) Main leptospiral serovars reactive to patient's sera were Icterohaemorrhagiae(54.3%), Canicola(31.0%), CH-48(13.2%), Tarassovi(0.9%)and Cynopteri(0.5%). 6) For regional distribution, 65.8% of seropositives to L.interrogans were residents from Chonbuk, 12.3% were Chonnam, 7.3% were Chungnam, 5.5% were Kyunggi and 1.4% were Kangwon.

우리나라 시송전계통에 적용된 전력계통안정화장치(PSS)의 분석

이상성(S. S. Lee),이선영(S. Y. Li),이영진(Y. J. Lee),정우덕(W. D. Chung),장광수(G. S. Jang),민상원(S. W. Min),박종근(J. K. Park),문승일(S. I. Moon),이홍재(H. J. Lee),이경섭(K. S. Lee),강상희(S. H. Kang) 대한전기학회 2003 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2003 No.11

수집형 감자 수확기 개발을 위한 굴취·이송 요인실험

이상희 ( S. H. Lee ),김영근 ( Y. K. Kim ),강태경 ( T. G. Kang ),김성우 ( S. W. Kim ),최용 ( Y. Choi ),전현종 ( H. J. Jun ),최일수 ( I. S. Choi ),현창식 ( C. S. Hyun ) 한국농업기계학회 2016 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.21 No.2

감자는 국내에서 재배되는 주요 밭작물로 감자의 소비량은 증가하고 있지만, 재배면적은 2000년 29,400ha에서 2014년 22,000ha로 감소하고 있는 추세이며 생산량 또한 2000년 704,6000톤에서 2014년 590,000톤으로 감소하고 있다. 현재 감자의 수확작업은 굴취기를 이용하여 굴취한 후 인력으로 수집하는 형태로 감자 생산 총 노동시간 58.0hr/10a 중 수집 작업에 소요되는 시간이 17.1hr/10a에 달하며 농촌 노동력 감소와 고령화로 인해 수집형 감자 수확기 개발 요구가 높아지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 감자의 생력재배(Labor saving cultivation)를 높이기 위해 수집형 감자수확기개발을 위한 굴취날 각도 및 이송속도에 따른 요인실험을 수행 하였다. 수집형 감자 수확기는 트랙터 부착형으로 굴취날 각도 3수준(20, 23, 26°), 이송속도 3수준(0.3, 0.4, 0.5m/s)으로 조절할 수 있도록 제작하였다. 굴취날은 각도 별로 3개를 제작하여 날을 교체하는 방식으로 제작하였고, 시험은 평창 감자밭에서 이루어졌으며 시험포장의 토성은 양토였다. 굴취율은 3m구간 굴취 후 굴취된 개수와 미굴취 감자의 개수를 비교하였으며 3반복 측정 하였다. 이송속도는 모터 회전수를 제어할 수 있는 모터 컨트롤러를 따로 제작하여 기체는 정지시키고 이송부만 작동하며 실험하였다. 이송속도 별로 1회에 시료 50개를 투입하여 총 3반복 실험하였으며 표피손상과 형태가 파손된 것을 손상으로 간주하였다. 실험에 사용된 감자의 물성은 크기와 무게를 조사하였으며 평균 가로 75.4±6.26mm, 세로 62.5±5.3mm, 높이 81.7±7.67mm, 무게는 230.7±45.6g이었다. 수집형 감자 수확기의 굴취 및 이송 요인별로 시험하여 감자 굴취율, 이송손상 및 수집손상을 조사한 결과 굴취날 각도에 따른 굴취율은 감자수집에 미치는 영향이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 굴취날 각도 20, 23°에서는 약 99%로 수집되었으며, 26°의 굴취각에서는 모두 수집되었다. 또한 이송속도에 따른 이송부 및 수집부의 감자손상 및 손상률 시험결과 이송부손상률은 0.3m/s에서 2.67%, 0.4m/s에서 3.33%, 0.5m/s에서 6.67%로 0.5m/s의 이송속도에서 손상율 증가폭이 크게 상승하였다. 수집부 손상율 또한 0.3m/s에서 2%, 0.4m/s에서 2.67%, 0.5m/s에서 약 6.67%로 0.5m/s의 이송속도에서 증가폭이 크게 상승하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 수집형 감자 수확기는 작업속도, 감자손상 및 손상율을 고려할 때 0.4m/s의 이송속도에서 수확 시 가장 적절할것으로 판단하였다.

Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Typhimurium 및 Salmonella Enteritidis의 항균제 감수성 (1997)

신영학,유정식,김기상,정동준,오경수,이점규,이상원,이근영,박미선,이복권,김호훈 국립보건연구원 1998 국립보건원보 Vol.35 No.-

<i>S100A9</i> and <i>EGFR</i> gene signatures predict disease progression in muscle invasive bladder cancer patients after chemotherapy

Kim, W. T.,Kim, J.,Yan, C.,Jeong, P.,Choi, S. Y.,Lee, O. J.,Chae, Y. B.,Yun, S. J.,Lee, S. C.,Kim, W. J. Oxford University Press 2014 Annals of Oncology Vol.25 No.5

<P>In our previous gene expression profile analysis, IL1B, S100A8, S100A9, and EGFR were shown to be important mediators of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of these gene signatures to predict disease progression after chemotherapy in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic MIBC. Patients with locally advanced MIBC who received chemotherapy were enrolled. The expression signatures of four genes were measured and carried out further functional analysis to confirm our findings. Two of the four genes, S100A9 and EGFR, were determined to significantly influence disease progression (P = 0.023, 0.045, respectively). Based on a receiver operating characteristic curve, a cut-off value for disease progression was determined. Patients with the good-prognostic signature group had a significantly longer time to progression and cancer-specific survival time than those with the poor-prognostic signature group (P < 0.001, 0.042, respectively). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, gene signature was the only factor that significantly influenced disease progression [hazard ratio: 4.726, confidence interval: 1.623-13.763, P = 0.004]. In immunohistochemical analysis, S100A9 and EGFR positivity were associated with disease progression after chemotherapy. Protein expression of S100A9/EGFR showed modest correlation with gene expression of S100A9/EGFR (r = 0.395, P = 0.014 and r = 0.453, P = 0.004). Our functional analysis provided the evidence demonstrating that expression of S100A9 and EGFR closely associated chemoresistance, and that inhibition of S100A9 and EGFR may sensitize bladder tumor cells to the cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The S100A9/EGFR level is a novel prognostic marker to predict the chemoresponsiveness of patients with locally recurrent or metastatic MIBC.</P>

Reactivities of organic isothiocyanates and thiocyanates toward dialkyl bis(phosphine) complexes of palladium(II) and platinum(II)

Lee, S.G.,Choi, K.Y.,Kim, Y.J.,Park, S.,Lee, S.W. Pergamon Press 2015 Polyhedron Vol.85 No.-

Room-temperature reactions of trans-[PdEt<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>2</SUB>] (L=PMe<SUB>3</SUB>, PEt<SUB>3</SUB>, PMe<SUB>2</SUB>Ph) with organic isothiocyanates [R-NCS; R=benzyl; CH(CH<SUB>3</SUB>)Ph, R-(-) and S-(+); indanyl, S-(+)] afforded the S,S-coordinated Pd(II) complexes [Pd(S<SUB>2</SUB>C?N-R)L<SUB>2</SUB>] containing a dithiocarbonimidato (S<SUB>2</SUB>C?N-R) group. Similar reactions involving allyl isothiocyanates produced the cationic η<SUP>3</SUP>-allyl Pd complex [Pd(η<SUP>3</SUP>-allyl)(PMe<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUP>+</SUP>(NCS)<SUP>-</SUP>. When [Pd(S<SUB>2</SUB>C?N-R)(PMe<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>] was treated with 1equiv of a chelating phosphine [L-L=depe (1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane) and dmpe (1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane)], the corresponding complexes [Pd(S<SUB>2</SUB>C?N-R)(L-L)] were produced. Reactions of trans-[PdEt<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>2</SUB>] (L=PMe<SUB>3</SUB>, PMe<SUB>2</SUB>Ph) with organic thiocyanates (R-SCN; R=benzyl, Et) resulted in the formation of [Pd(CN)<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>2</SUB>] and an organic disulfide by S-C bond cleavage of R-SCN. However, similar reactions of the dimethyl analogs, trans-[PdMe<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>2</SUB>] (L=PMe<SUB>3</SUB>, PEt<SUB>3</SUB>), with benzyl thiocyanate afforded different products, [Pd(NCS)<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>2</SUB>] or [PdMe(NCS)L<SUB>2</SUB>]. Treating [Pt(styrene)(PMe<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>] with benzyl isothiocyanate gave the S-coordinated dithiocarbonimidato Pt(II) complex, [Pt(S<SUB>2</SUB>C?N-R)(Me<SUB>3</SUB>P)<SUB>2</SUB>] (R=benzyl). In contrast, cis-[PtEt<SUB>2</SUB>(PMe<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>] reacted with the isothiocyanate to afford the trialkyl Pt(IV) complex [PtEt<SUB>2</SUB>(SCN)(CH<SUB>2</SUB>Ph)(PMe<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>].

Predicting temporal shifts in the spring occurrence of overwintered Scotinophara lurida (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and rice phenology in Korea with climate change

Lee, H.,Kang, W. S.,Ahn, M. I.,Cho, K.,Lee, J. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 International journal of biometeorology Vol.60 No.1

<P>Climate change could shift the phenology of insects and plants and alter their linkage in space and time. We examined the synchrony of rice and its insect pest, Scotinophara lurida (Burmeister), under the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 8.5 climate change scenario by comparing the mean spring immigration time of overwintered S. lurida with the mean rice transplanting times in Korea. The immigration time of S. lurida was estimated using an overwintered adult flight model. The rice transplanting time of three cultivars (early, medium, and medium-late maturing) was estimated by forecasting the optimal cultivation period using leaf appearance and final leaf number models. A temperature increase significantly advanced the 99 % immigration time of S. lurida from Julian day 192.1 in the 2000s to 178.4 in the 2050s and 163.1 in the 2090s. In contrast, rice transplanting time was significantly delayed in the early-maturing cultivar from day 141.2 in the 2000s to 166.7 in the 2050s and 190.6 in the 2090s, in the medium-maturing cultivar from day 130.6 in the 2000s to 156.6 in the 2050s and 184.7 in the 2090s, and in the medium-late maturing cultivar from day 128.5 in 2000s to 152.9 in the 2050s and 182.3 in the 2090s. These simulation results predict a significant future phenological asynchrony between S. lurida and rice in Korea.</P>

단세포군 항체를 이용한 Shigella serotyping serum 개발(Ⅱ) : S. flexneri type Ⅰ,Ⅱ & type Ⅰ:6, group 6

정의범,이영희,김순남,박강수,이명숙,성원근,김종욱,홍승의,박정우 국립보건연구원 1994 국립보건원보 Vol.31 No.1

송영 극작술의 변곡점과 관통선 - 천리마시대의 문학과 <박연암>의 징후적 독해 -

이광욱 ( Lee Kwang Ouk ) 겨레어문학회 2022 겨레어문학 Vol.68 No.-

송영은 격동하는 한국사의 흐름에 유연하게 적응해 나가며 여러 차례의 작풍 변화를 보여 준 작가였다. 그러나 그는 변화의 순간에 직면했을 때 자신의 근본적 창작원리를 되돌아보며 변화의 정당성을 마련하고자 한 작가이기도 했다. 본 고는 송영의 마지막 작품인 <박연암>에도 이러한 특징이 드러난다고 가정하는 가운데, <박연암>에 내재된 그의 문제의식과 대응 방식의 의미를 살펴보고자 했다. 즉, 그는 ‘천리마 시대의 문학’을 선언한 이래 점차 경직되어 가는 북한 문예담론에 반감을 품고 있었으며, 자신의 정체성을 보존하기 위한 방안으로서 <박연암>을 창작했다는 것이다. 북한에서는 1950년대 중반부터 실학에 대한 연구가 활성화되었으며, 이러한 경향을 주도한 것이 박지원 연구였음을 고려할 때, <박연암>은 시류에 편승한 작품처럼 보이기도 한다. 그러나 <박연암>이 창작된 1960년대 초반에 실학 연구의 중심은 정약용 연구로 이동한 상태였다. 더욱이 <박연암>은 천리마 시대의 문학에서 요구되었던 유형의 작품과 거리가 멀었다는 점에서 그의 창작 동기를 보다 근본적인 차원에서 재검토할 필요가 있다. 본고는 <박연암>이 당대의 평단으로부터 외면받은 작품이었다는 점에 착목하여, <박연암>에 내재된 불화의 흔적을 살피고자 했다. 송영은 도식주의를 경계하는 가운데, 생활에 근거한 인물의 성격 발전을 보여 줘야 한다는 점을 창작의 근본 원리로 삼았던 작가였다. 그에게 최고의 영예를 안겨주었던 항일혁명극은 도식주의의 문제를 벗어나지 못했으며, 한계를 자각한 그가 택했던 방법은 역사극의 양식과 더불어 ‘글쓰기’에 대한 자의식을 형상화하는 것이었다. 이것은 공인된 역사적 위인의 권위를 안전판으로 삼아 당대의 북한 문예담론에 대해 간접적으로 발화하는 방식이기도 했다. 그러나 그 불온성은 희곡에서만 보존될 수 있었으며, 공연은 마지막 막의 상당량이 삭제된 상태로 종결될 수밖에 없었던 바, 송영의 의도 또한 완전히 빗나가게 되었다. 연극 <박연암>은 민중과 함께하는 연암의 영웅적 형상을 보여주며 끝나게 되는데, 이는 ‘천리마시대’의 긍정적 인간형을 역사 속에서 발견하려는 체제친화적 목적에 부합하는 방향이었던 것이다. <박연암>은 송영이 보여 준 갱신 노력의 소산이지만, 동시에 그것이 북한 사회의 경직성 속에서 사멸되는 장면을 보여 준 작품이었다. Song Young was a writer who flexibly adapted to the turbulent flow of Korean history and showed several changes in his writing style. However, he was also a writer who tried to establish the legitimacy of change by reflecting on his fundamental creative principles in the face of the moment of change. Assuming that these characteristics are revealed in Song Young's last work, this paper attempted to examine the meaning of his agenda inherent in Park Yeon-am. In other words, he was opposed to the North Korean literary discourse, which has gradually become stubborn since the declaration of literature in the Cheonlima era, and created Park Yeon-am as a way to preserve his identity. In North Korea, research on silhak has been active since the mid-1950s, and considering that it was Park Ji-won's study that led this trend, Park Yeon-am seems to be a work that jumped on the bandwagon. However, in the early 1960s, when Park Yeon-am was created, the central subject of silhak studies was moved to Jeong Yak-yong. Moreover, it is necessary to review his creative motivation at a more fundamental level in that Park Yeon-am was far from the type of work required in literature of the Cheonrima era. This paper aimed to examine the traces of discord inherent in this work, noting that Park Yeon-am was ignored by critics of the time. Song Young was a writer who was critical of schematics and used it as the fundamental principle of creation that the personality development of the character is based on real life. The anti-Japanese revolutionary drama, which gave him the highest honor, did not escape the problem of schematicism. Recognizing his limitations, he chose to embody his self-awareness of 'writing' along with the style of historical dramas. This was also a method of indirectly uttering North Korean literary discourse using the authority of a recognized historical great as a shield. However, the resistance could only be preserved in the play, and the performance was forced to end with much of the last act deleted, and Song Young's intention was completely missed. Park Yeon-am, which was staged ended with a heroic figure of the protagonist with the people, which was in a direction suitable for the system-friendly purpose of discovering the positive human form of the Cheonlima Era in history. Park Yeon-am is the product of Song Young's renewal efforts. But at the same time, it is the work showed his last attempt being frustrated with the rigidity of North Korean society.

Prediction of stone-free status and complication rates after tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a comparative and retrospective study using three stone-scoring systems and preoperative parameters

Choi, S. W.,Bae, W. J.,Ha, U. S.,Hong, S. H.,Lee, J. Y.,Kim, S. W.,Cho, H. J. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 World journal of urology Vol.35 No.3

<P>To investigate the factors predictive of surgical outcomes of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (TPCNL) and to compare the predictability and accuracy of the Guy's stone score, S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry, and CROES nomogram. We reviewed retrospectively the surgical outcomes recorded consecutively and imaging data of preoperative computed tomography scans of 141 patients who had undergone TPCNL from June 2012 to October 2015. Guy's, S.T.O.N.E., and CROES stone-scoring systems (SSSs) and other prognostic factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. The initial stone-free and complication rates after TPCNL were 78.7 (111/141) and 17.0 % (24/141). On univariate analysis, all three scoring systems were identified as significant factors in terms of stone-free rate (SFR). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the Guy's stone score and stone burden 385 mm(2) had significant correlations with stone-free status [odds ratios (OR) = 3.220, p = 0.001 and OR = 6.451, p = 0.002, respectively]. Guy's stone score (OR = 1.879, p = 0.013) was an independent risk factor for the development of complications. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the Guy's, S.T.O.N.E., and CROES SSSs and stone burden showed good results (0.821, 0.816, 0.820, and 0.800, respectively). Pairwise comparison of ROC curves showed that there was no significant difference between each final score and stone burden. Of the three scoring systems, Guy's stone score was the only significant predictive factor for SFR and complication rates after TPCNL in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Stone burden was significantly associated with a postoperative stone-free status (SFS).</P>