U.S. DEMAND FOR EDIBLE FATS AND OILS: A DYNAMIC SYSTEM WITH ARMA ERRORS

Steven T Yen,Wen S Chern People&Global Business Association 2002 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.7 No.1

This study investigates the effects of prices and total expenditure on U.S. household consumption of edible fats and oils that are strictly used for salad and cooking. A flexible dynamic demand system which nests the Translog and Almost Ideal Demand Systems is estimated using annual time-series data in the U.S. Results suggest that correction for serial correlation is important. With dynamic specification and correction for serial correlation. the generalized model outperforms the two restrictive specifications in terms of simple model adequacy but generates similar demand elasticities. Demands for fats and oils are found to be price inelastic. We also find a mix of gross substitutes and complements among the products considered. Findings on the effects of prices are useful for private edible oil companies in formulating their pricing strategies and for policy makers in designing effective domestic and trade policies.

HIGHER WEIGHTS AND GENERALIZED MDS CODES

Steven T. Dougherty,한성휴 대한수학회 2010 대한수학회지 Vol.47 No.6

We study codes meeting a generalized version of the Singleton bound for higher weights. We show that some of the higher weight enumerators of these codes are uniquely determined. We give the higher weight enumerators for MDS codes, the Simplex codes, the Hamming codes, the first order Reed-Muller codes and their dual codes. For the putative [72, 36, 16] code we find the i-th higher weight enumerators for i = 12 to 36. Additionally, we give a version of the generalized Singleton bound for non-linear codes.

Implementation of clinical practice changes by experienced anesthesiologists after simulationbased ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia training

T. Edward Kim,Edward R. Mariano,Toni Ganaway,T. Kyle Harrison,Steven K. Howard,Cynthia Shum,Alex Kuo 대한마취통증의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.70 No.3

Background: Anesthesiologists who have finished formal training and want to learn ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) commonly attend 1 day workshops. However, it is unclear whether participation actually changes clinical practice. We assessed change implementation after completion of a 1 day simulation-based UGRA workshop. Methods: Practicing anesthesiologists who participated in a 1 day UGRA course from January 2012 through May 2014 were surveyed. The course consisted of clinical observation of UGRA procedures, didactic lectures, ultrasound scanning, hands-on perineural catheter placement, and mannequin simulation. The primary outcome was the average number of UGRA blocks per month reported at follow-up versus baseline. Secondary outcomes included preference for ultrasound as the nerve localization technique, ratings of UGRA teaching methods, and obstacles to performing UGRA. Results: Survey data from 46 course participants (60% response rate) were included for analysis. Participants were (median [10th–90th percentile]) 50 (37–63) years old, had been in practice for 17 (5–30) years, and were surveyed 27 (10–34) months after their UGRA training. Participants reported performing 24 (4–90) blocks per month at follow-up compared to 10 (2–24) blocks at baseline (P < 0.001). Compared to baseline, more participants at follow-up preferred ultrasound for nerve localization. The major obstacle to implementing UGRA in clinical practice was time pressure. Conclusions: Participation in a 1 day simulation-based UGRA course may increase UGRA procedural volume by practicing anesthesiologists.

ASTAS: Architecture for Scalable and Transparent Anycast Services

T. Stevens,M. D. Leenheer,C. Develder,F. D. Turck,B. Dhoedt,P. Demeeste 한국통신학회 2007 Journal of communications and networks Vol.9 No.4

Optimal Linear Codes over $\mathbb{Z}_m$

Steven T. Dougherty,T. Aaron Gulliver,박영호,John N. C. Wong 대한수학회 2007 대한수학회지 Vol.44 No.5

Phytonutrients Differentially Stimulate NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase, Inhibit Proliferation, and Trigger Mitotic Catastrophe in Hepa1c1c7 Cells

Steven J.T. Jackson,Keith W. Singletary,Laura L. Murphy,Richard C. Venema,Andrew J. Young 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.1

Phytonutrients have rapidly emerged as natural food chemicals possessing multifaceted biological actions thatmay support beneficial health outcomes. Among the vast array of phytonutrients currently being studied, sulforaphane, curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol have been frequently reported to stimulate the expression of endogenous detoxification enzymes and may thereby facilitate the neutralization of otherwise harmful environmental agents. Some of these same phytonutrients, however, have also been implicated in disrupting normal cell proliferation and hence may possess toxic properties in and of themselves. In this study, we characterize the respective minimum threshold concentrations of the aforementioned phytonutrients in Hepa1c1c7 cells that stimulate NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), a key enzyme in the hepatic neutralization of menadione, other biological oxidants, and some environmental carcinogens. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that relatively low concentrations of either sulforaphane or curcumin significantly (P < .05) increase NQO1 protein expression and activity without triggering G2/M cell cycle arrest or mitotic catastrophe. The minimal quercetin concentration inducing NQO1, however, was 100-fold higher than that which disrupted mitosis. Also, while resveratrol modestly stimulated NQO1, the minimally effective resveratrol concentration concomitantly induced evidence of cellular apoptosis. Taken together, these findings indicate that only particular phytonutrients are likely efficacious in upregulating NQO1 activity without also leading to hepatic cytotoxicity.

Additive self-dual codes over fields of even order

Steven T. Dougherty,김종락,이나리 대한수학회 2018 대한수학회보 Vol.55 No.2

We examine various dualities over the fields of even orders, giving new dualities for additive codes. We relate the MacWilliams relations and the duals of $\FF_{2^{2s}}$ codes for these various dualities. We study self-dual codes with respect to these dualities and prove that any subgroup of order $2^s$ of the additive group is a self-dual code with respect to some duality.

The Role of Inflammatory Mediators in the Pathogenesis of Otitis Media and Sequelae

Steven K. Juhn,정민교,Mark D. Hoffman,Brian R. Drew,Diego A. Preciado,Nicholas J. Sausen,Timothy T.K. Jung,Bo Hyung Kim,박상유,Jizhen Lin,Frank G. Ondrey,David R. Mains,Tina Huang 대한이비인후과학회 2008 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.1 No.3

This review deals with the characteristics of various inflammatory mediators identified in the middle ear during otitis media and in cholesteatoma. The role of each inflammatory mediator in the pathogenesis of otitis media and cholesteatoma has been discussed. Further, the relation of each inflammatory mediator to the pathophysiology of the middle and inner ear along with its mechanisms of pathological change has been described. The mechanisms of hearing loss including sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) as a sequela of otitis media are also discussed. The passage of inflammatory mediators through the round window membrane into the scala tympani is indicated. In an experimental animal model, an application of cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial toxin, on the round window membrane induced sensorineural hearing loss as identified through auditory brainstem response threshold shifts. An increase in permeability of the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) was observed following application of these inflammatory mediators and LPS. The leakage of the blood components into the lateral wall of the cochlea through an increase in BLB permeability appears to be related to the sensorineural hearing loss by hindering K+ recycling through the lateral wall disrupting the ion homeostasis of the endolymph. Further studies on the roles of various inflammatory mediators and bacterial toxins in inducing the sensorineumral hearing loss in otitis media should be pursued.

Quantum critical nature of the short-range magnetic order in Sr2−xLaxIrO4

Rodan, Steven T.,Yoon, Sungwon,Lee, Suheon,Choi, Kwang-Yong,Kim, Gareoung,Rhyee, Jong-Soo,Koda, Akihiro,Chen, Wei-Tin,Chou, Fangcheng American Physical Society 2018 Physical review. B Vol.98 No.21

The Biomechanics of Prophylactic Ankle Support

McCow, Steven T. 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1999 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.18 No.1

발목관절은 신체를 지지, 추진시키기 위한 역학적 에너지 발생, 상해 부하로부터 신체를 보호하려는 역학적 에너지 흡수로 하지의 세가지 근본적인 기능을 한다. 발목관절에 작용하는 이러한 세가지 기능들은 회내와 회외로서 알려진 배·저측굴곡 그리고 내·외전, 내·외측의 복합적인 운동을 통해서 이루어진다. 그러나 발목관절은 발목에 부과되는 수요량과 관절에 작용되는 부하유형의 해부학적 이점 때문에 염좌가 발생하는 주요 부분이다. 즉 염좌는 관절이 저측굴곡된 상태에서 작용하는 내측 장력이 발목의 인대을 과도하게 늘어나게 했을 때 발생한다. 특히 이 발목 인대의 상해는 가장 흔한 메카니즘으로 인식되는데, 발목에 작용하는 부하 유형은 관절의 외측 구조인 전방 거비골과 거종골 인대에 상해를 입힌다. 내측 염좌의 위험을 감소시키기 위해서 관절에 따른 기능적인 안전성을 제공하는 것이 있는데, 종류에 따라 발목안정대 또는 발목 테이핑이 이용되고 있다. 발목 안정대가 발목의 상해 빈도를 감소시키고 경기에 임할수 있도록 회복을 가속화시키는데 하나의 비용효과적인 수단을 제공하는 것이 역학적 연구의 주요분야라 할수 있는데, 현재에도 발목안정과 관련된 예방의 메카니즘을 명백하게 하기 위해서 발목지지의 자극에 감응하는 효과들과 역학적 지지를 평가 할 수 있는 연구가 계속되고 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 에너지로 흡수하는 하지 분절의 운동수행에 발목지지의 예방효과가 부족하거나 그 결과에 대한 동일한 상황으로 되게 하지는 않는다. 임상적 결과들은 발목 염좌의 감소, 빠른 회복, 그리고 발목 지지대 착용에 의한 운동수행의 감소가 적을 것임을 제시한다. 그러나 발목 지지대의 근본적인 효과에 대한 메카니즘에 대한 이해가 부족한 실정이지만 매우 중요한 것으로서, Grarrick와 Requa에 의해서 제시된 이상적인 지지대의 기준을 완전히 충족시키지는 못한 것다. 머지않아 개업하는 의사들은, 발목을 예방하기 위한 방법으로서 지지대를 각 사람들에게 처방해 주어야 할 것인지의 의문에 직면하게 된다. 예방적 지지대의 이점들은 "각 관절들이 하지 분절의 전체 에너지 흡수에 대한 상대적 기여 패턴 변화"라는 잠재적으로 중요한 요소를 포함한 부정적인 결과들에 대하여도 신중을 기해야 한다. These preliminary results do not allow us to make an equivocal statement regarding the effect or lack of effect of prophylactic ankle support on the performance of the lower extremity as an absorber of energy. Clinical evidence suggests that the incidence of ankle sprains may be reduced (25), that return to participation is accelerated (24), and that only minor reductions in level of skill performance can be expected (26) among those who wear prophylactic ankle support. However the mechanism underlying the effectiveness of ankle support is poorly understood, and most important, it is clear that the design of ankle support does not come close to meeting the criteria of an ideal brace expressed by Garrick and Requa (6). For the foreseeable future, practitioners faced with the question of whether to brace or not to brace as a method of preventing ankle sprains must treat each case individually. The benefits of prophylactic support must be weighed against the negative consequences, including a slight reduction in performance and, potentially the most important factor, an alteration in the pattern of relative contribution of the individual joints to total energy absorption by the lower extremity.