http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Carbon black sintering effects on the composition of multiphase calcium phosphate bioceramics
Wen-Cheng Chen,Chien-Ping Ju,Wen-Hsien Cheng,Jiin-Huey Chern Lin 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2013 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.14 No.3
The presence of carbonate (CO3 2-) combined with calcium phosphates has been believed to increase the susceptibility of natural bone formation. This study was carried out to investigate the thermal properties of apatite in nano scale precipitates with added carbon black that could act as a sintering inhibitor and a carbonate preserver. In addition, the present study aimed to determine the effects of those additives and analyze their chemical compositions. Ceramics processed at different heating temperatures were compared and characterized. The results showed that a multiphase ceramic of apatite-calcium carbonate (CaCO3)-calcium oxide (CaO) was formed in a temperature range of 600 to 800 ο C. By observing the morphologies of the ceramics, the addition of carbon black which acts as a carbonate supplier in the heating processes and further as an inhibitor to prevent the sintering effect of the nano scale particles in sub-micro range efficiently at 1400 ο C were established.
Numerical Study of 1998 Late Summer Flood in East Asia
Wen-Yih Sun,민기홍,Jiun-Dar Chern 한국기상학회 2011 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.47 No.2
The Purdue Regional Model (PRM) is applied to study the evolution of regional climate and weather systems during the heavy precipitation over Korea and China between 30 July and 18 August 1998. The results show that heavy rainfall along the Mei-yu and Changma front was due to the combination of: (1) an anomalous 850 hPa subtropical high, (2) a stronger baroclinicity around 40oN over eastern Asia and a low pressure located to the north of the front,and (3) an excessive evaporation from abnormal wet, warm land. The precipitation ended by 18 August when the subtropical high had retreated and the low pressure in Mongolia moved away from Asia continent. The model reproduced in great detail the observed baroclinic waves to the north, subtropical high and low-level jet to the south, and the front with heavy precipitation extending from southern China, and the Korean peninsula to Japan. High correlations are found for mass, momentum, and moisture fields between model simulation and the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) reanalysis for the 20-day means
Park, sunmin,S, Chern-Wen The Korean Nutrition Society 1997 Nutritional Sciences Vol.30 No.4
Fat consumption has decreased since the 1950's in the United States, and coronary heart disease mortality rates have gradually declined as well. These changes might be associated with changes of attitudes due to increased information about the relationship between fat consumption and hear disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether knowledge and attitudes concerning fat and foods high or low in fat had an impact on peoples' actual fat consumption. for this study, the data of fat consumption and knowledge/attitudes of people came from the 1989-1991 Continuing Survey of food Intakes by Individuals/Diet and Health Knowledge Survey (CSFII/DHKS), conducted by USDA. It was found that women 65 years ed older tried to avoid more fat and consume more vegetables than those aged 25-64 years ; in fact, the actual fit consumption of those over 65 years was lowest among all age categories. However, the elderly did not have as much nutrition knowledge as people aged 25-64 years. Attitudes concerning vegetables and health were a better predictor of fat consumption than those concerning fat itself. However, low-fat milk consumption was influenced by nutrition knowledge as well as attitudes about fat intake people with better knowledge and attitudes concerning fat intake consumed more low-fat milk. This could be resulted from the reason that low-fat milk is a good substitute for whole milk. The conclusion of this study is that there are two essential elements in healthy eating patterns: a) good attitudes towards fat and vegetable consumption, and b) correct nutritional knowledge concerning the fat-content of foods and the availability of alternatives.
Kim Eon-Jin,Chern Wen S. The Korean Home Economics Association 2005 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.6 No.1
This study examines factors determining contemporary Chinese households' food away from home (FAFH) expenditures using Becker's household production theory. Data came from the 2000 urban household survey in Guangdong Province, collected by National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) of China. It was revealed that the contemporary urban Chinese wives also substitute their household work by time-saving product, FAFH, as Becker's household production theory postulated. This suggests the important role of time-value (opportunity cost) in determining household FAFH expenditure across the cultures.
Park, Sun-Min,Chern, Wen-S The Korean Nutrition Society 1997 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.31 No.7
Fat consumption has decreased since the 1950's in the United States, and coronary heart disease mortality rates have gradually declined as well. These changes might be associated with changes of attitudes due to increased information about the relationship between fat consumption and heart disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether knowledge and attitudes concerning fat and foods high or low in fat had an impact on peoples' actual fat consumption. For this study, the data of fat consumption and knowledge/attitudes of people came from the 1989-1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals/Diet and Health Knowledge Survey (CSFII/DHKS), conducted by USDA. It was found that women 65 years and older tried to avoid more fat and consume more vegetables than those aged 25-64 years : in fact, the actual fat consumption of those over 65 years was lowest among all age categories. However, the elderly did not have as much nutrition knowledge as people aged 25-64 years. Attitudes concerning vegetables and health were a better predictor of fat consumption than those concerning fat itself. However, low-fat milk consumption was influenced by nutrition knowledge as well as attitudes about fat intake : people with better knowledge and attitudes concerning fat intake consumed more low-fat milk. This could be resulted from the reason that low-fat milk is a good substitute for whole milk. The conclusion of this study is that there are two essential elements in healthy eating patterns : a) good attitudes towards fat and vegetable consumption, and b) correct nutritional knowledge concerning the fat-content of foods and the availability of alternatives.
U.S. DEMAND FOR EDIBLE FATS AND OILS: A DYNAMIC SYSTEM WITH ARMA ERRORS
Steven T Yen,Wen S Chern People&Global Business Association 2002 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.7 No.1
This study investigates the effects of prices and total expenditure on U.S. household consumption of edible fats and oils that are strictly used for salad and cooking. A flexible dynamic demand system which nests the Translog and Almost Ideal Demand Systems is estimated using annual time-series data in the U.S. Results suggest that correction for serial correlation is important. With dynamic specification and correction for serial correlation. the generalized model outperforms the two restrictive specifications in terms of simple model adequacy but generates similar demand elasticities. Demands for fats and oils are found to be price inelastic. We also find a mix of gross substitutes and complements among the products considered. Findings on the effects of prices are useful for private edible oil companies in formulating their pricing strategies and for policy makers in designing effective domestic and trade policies.
Kun-Yu Tsai,Jeng-Fu You,Tzong-Yun Tsai,Yih Jong Chern,Yu-Jen Hsu,Shu-Huan Huang,Wen-Sy Tsai 대한장연구학회 2023 Intestinal Research Vol.21 No.1
Background/Aims: Exacerbating factors of ulcerative colitis (UC) are multiple and complex with individual influence. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of disease control by searching and restricting inflammation trigger factors of UC relapse individually in daily clinical practice. Methods: Both patients with UC history or new diagnosis were asked to avoid dairy products at first doctor visit. Individual-reported potential trigger factors were restricted when UC flared up (Mayo endoscopy score ≥1) from remission status. The remission rate, duration to remission and medication were analyzed between the groups of factor restriction complete, incomplete and unknown. Results: The total remission rate was 91.7% of 108 patients with complete restriction of dairy product. The duration to remission of UC history group was significantly longer than that of new diagnosis group (88.5 days vs. 43.4 days, P=0.006) in patients with initial endoscopic score 2–3, but no difference in patients with score 1. After first remission, the inflammation trigger factors in 161 relapse episodes of 72 patients were multiple and personal. Milk/dairy products, herb medicine/Chinese tonic food and dietary supplement were the common factors, followed by psychological issues, non-dietary factors (smoking cessation, cosmetic products) and discontinuation of medication by patients themselves. Factor unknown accounted for 14.1% of patients. The benefits of factor complete restriction included shorter duration to remission (P<0.001), less steroid and biological agent use (P=0.022) when compared to incomplete restriction or factor unknown group. Conclusions: Restriction of dairy diet first then searching and restricting trigger factors personally if UC relapse can improve the disease control and downgrade the medication usage of UC patients in daily clinical practice.