Classification of Product Knowledge : A Conceptual Discussion

Yoon, Sung-Wook,Lisa L. Scribner 東亞大學校 經營大學 2004 經營硏究 Vol.- No.17

Subjective product knowledge is now a new construct, but in fact has been defined and measured in a plethora of ways. Existing subjective knowledge measures range from a single item (Peracchio and Tybout 1996) to multi-item scales (Flynn and Goldsmith 1999). Regardless of whether the instruments use single or multiple indicators, they simply measure consumers' overall subjective knowledge and treat the construct as unidimensional. As previously discussed, consumer product knowledge is a multidimensional construct (Alba and Hutchinson 1987; Biswas and Sherrell 1993). This multidimensionality should not be confined to measuring objective knowledge. In other words, it equally applies to subjective knowledge. Throughout this paper it was pointed out discrepancies in findings (e.g., relationship between knowledge and search) that are mainly due to the dearth of valid, multidimensional instruments. Unfortunately, such a scale does not exist. Therefore, future research should develop a scale that captures multidimensional aspects of consumer knowledge. Theory-driven, multidimensional subjective knowledge scales should prove useful to marketing practitioners as well. An essential in consumer-oriented markets is understanding the consumer. Part of understanding consumers is understanding how much they know. For instance, a marketer of a new, highly technological product can administer a multidimensional subjective project knowledge scale to learn about the perceived knowledge distribution of his target market. If it is discovered that the target market is largely comprised of novices, the marketer may want to educate the potential consumers in terms of the terminology associated with the product, the product's attributes, the purchasing procedures, and the different uses for the product. Promotional campaigns can be orientated accordingly. If educating the consumer is not of concern, then the marketer may want to place more emphasis on peripheral cues in advertising. A marketer may find him/herself in the situation where most of the target market for his/her product is high on the knowledge continuum. This marketer, for example, will experience more liberties in terms of terminology of message arguments.

Protective Effects of N-acetylcystenine and Selenium against Doxorubicin Toxicity in Rats

Yeo-sung Yoon,Sun-don Kim,Min-hye Lee,Heung-shik S.Lee,In-se Lee,Je-kyung Sung,Eun-sung Park 대한수의학회 2003 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.4 No.2

Effects of N-acetylcysteine and Selenium against Doxorubicin Toxicity in RatsEun-sung Park, Sun-don Kim1, Min-hye Lee, Heung-shik S. Lee, In-se Lee, Je-kyung Sung and Yeo-sung Yoon*

[TEACOOH]-Montmorillonite 층간화합물의 형성 및 층 내에서의 고분자화 반응

윤도우,조성준 배재대학교 공학연구소 2005 공학논문집 Vol.7 No.1

Na-Montmorillonite와 10-Carboxy-n-decyltriethylammonium bromide (유기 양이온) 사이의 양이온 교환반응에 의해 얻어진 [TEACOOH]-Montmorillonite 층간화합물을 유기 단분자인 ε-caprolactone을 반응시켜 [TEACOOH]-ε-caprolactone-Montmorillonite 층간화합물을 형성하였다. 이렇게 얻어진 [TEACOOH]-ε-caprolactone-Montmorillonite 층간화합물을 220oC의 온도 하에서 48시간 동안 가열하여 고분자화시켜 무기물질인 몬모릴로나이트와 유기 고분자인 폴리카프로락톤이 화학적으로 결합된 몬모릴로나이트/폴리카프로락톤 나노복합재료를 제조하였다. 고분자화반응을 수행한 후 얻어진 시료를 메탄올을 이용하여 추출한 뒤 고진공 하에 65oC로 24 시간 동안 건조시킨 후에 얻은 층간거리 값으로는 34.24 Å이 얻어졌다. [TEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex obtained from Na-Montmorillonite and 10-Carboxy-n-decyldimethylethylammonium bromide(organic cation) was reacted with the monomer(ε-caprolactone) to achieve the [TEACOOH]-ε-caprolactone-Montmorillonite intercalations complex. From this intercalations complex Montmorillonite/Polycaprolactone Nanocomposite in which montmorillonite(inorganic material) is chemically linked with the polycaprolactone(organic polymer) was formed at 220oC for 48 h. The basal spacing for the sample obtained after polymerization, extraction with methanol and dried at 65oC in high vacuum for 24 h was 50.7 Å.

단일 치근을 가진 하악 제1유구치

윤상일,최형준,김성오,이제호,손흥규 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

본 증례에서는 단일 치근을 가진 하악 제1유구치에 대해 서술하고자 한다. 5세 남아의 하악 제1유구치는 방사선 사진 검사결과 양측성으로 분명한 단일치근을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 보통 상악 구치는 3개의 치근을, 하악 구치는 2개의 치근을 가지나, 치아의 발육시기도중 Hertwig상피근초가 제 시기에 적절히 함입되지 못하면 치근이 서로 나뉘지 못하여 치근의 융합이 발생될 수 있다. 융합된 치근을 가진 구치는 정상적인 구치보다 불리한 치관-치근 비율을 가질 뿐 아니라, 여러 보고에 의하면 융합된 치근을 가진 사람은 다수 치아의 선천적 결손이나, 상악 전치에서 치내치가 발현될 확률이 높아 예방적 치과 치료가 필요할 수 있다. 그리고, 외배엽이형성증, 합지증, 만지증, 청색공막증과 같은 전신 질환과 연관되어 나타날 수도 있다고 한다. 치근융합은 유전적으로 상염색체 열성 유전을 따른다고 밝혀진 바 있다. 현재까지 단일 치근을 가진 구치는 대부분 영구 구치에서 많이 보고된 바 있지만, 유구치에서는 거의 보고된 바가 없기에 이에 보고하는 바이다. In this case, we would like to discuss about the single rooted deciduous mandibular first molar. The deciduous mandibular molar of a five years old boy was shown to have a single root, bilaterally. Ordinarily, the maxilary molars have three roots and the mandibular molars have two roots. However, when the hertwig's epithelial root sheath do not invaginate properly during tooth development, root fusion can occur from the absence of root separation. Molars with fused roots not only have unfavorable crown to root ratio, but also according to many reports, have higher probability of having multiple congenitally missing teeth or dens invaginatus in the maxillary incisors, consequently requiring preventive dental treatment. In addition, disorders such as ectodermal dysplasia, syndactyly, clinodactyly, bluish sclera can also be related to this condition. Root fusion is known to be of autosomal recessive inheritance. Up to date, single rooted molars have been reported several times in permanent dentitions but hardly in deciduous dentition, which is the motive for this paper.

스마트 능동 레이어 센서 개발 (Ⅰ) : 이론 및 개념 연구 Theory and Concept Study

윤동진,이영섭,권재화,이상일 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.24 No.5

본 논문은 두 편으로 구성된 스마트 능동 레이어(smart active layer, SAL) 센서 개발에 관한 첫 번째 논문으로, 구조 내에 발생하는 균열 및 손상에 의한 탄성과 검출을 위한 SAL 센서의 이론 및 개념을 연구하였다. 본 SAL 센서의 개발을 위해, 첫째, 탄성파의 기본 이론을 고찰하였고, 둘째, 이론적 토대 위에 단일 압전 disc의 유한요소해석법(finite element analysis, FEA)을 이용하여 탄성파 검출 센서로서의 가능성을 검증하였고, 셋째, 몇 종류의 압전 disc 센서와 상용 음향방출(acoustic emission, AE) 센서를 연필심 파괴시험을 통해 상호 성능을 비교하여 실험적으로 그 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한 수개의 센서를 일정한 거리로 분포시켜서 구조물 결함의 효과적 검출 및 위치 표정이 가능한 스마트능동레이어 센서의 개념연구를 수행하였다. This paper is the first part of the study on the development of a smart active layer (SAL) sensor, which consists of two parts. In this first part, the theory and concept of the SAL sensor is investigated, which is designed for the detection of elastic waves caused by internal cracks and damages in structures. For the development SAL sensor, (ⅰ) the basic theory of elastic waves was studied, (ⅱ) the feasible study of the SAL as an elastic waves detection sensor using the finite element analysis (FEA) with respect to a piczoceramic disc was performed. (ⅲ) the comparison of performances between some piczoceramic sensors and a commercial acoustic emission (AE) sensor was accomplished to ensure the applicability by the experimental means, such as a pencil lead break test. Also, the conceptional study for the SAL sensor, which can be utilized for the effective detection and locating of defects by the arrangement of regularly distributed sensors, was discussed.

越鞠丸과 七氣湯이 白鼠의 實驗的 胃潰瀁에 미치는 影響

尹泰汝,文相元 대한본초학회 1988 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.3 No.1

Wolgukwhan and Chilkitang have been applied to the abdominal pain and neurosis caused by the disharmony of circulation of vital energy. This studies were undertaken in an attempt to investigate the effect of secreting volume of gastrie juice, gastric acidity and gastric ulcer induced by Shay's ulceration, stress in rats. The results were as follows. 1. Wolgukwhan and Chilkitang showed a significant inhibitory effects on on the secreting volume of gastric juice, gastric acidity in rats, and Chilkitang revealed better results than Wolgukwhan. 2. In the case of the ulcer index of Shay's ulceration in rats Wolgukwhan and Chilkitang were decreased, and Wolgukwhan showed remarkable antiulceration effect than Chilkitang. 3. The effect of Wolgukwhan and Chilkitang on gastric ulcer inuced by stress in rats were shown a significant anti-ulceration, and Chilkitang was more effective than Wolgukwhan. According to above results, Wolgukwhan and Chilkitang were assumed to be effective on neurogenic gastric ulcer.

보행 장애인의 재활을 위한 체중저감 제어

성윤경,이규태 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2003 機械技術硏究 Vol.6 No.1

In this paper, a robot manipulator and position control are presented t o regulalte the unloading force with respect t o externally uncertain force variation. As an application area, it is one of rehabilitation machines of walking disable patients. First of all, the existing walking training robots were surveyed with aspect of types and specifications for the design of intelligent training robot. Several mechanisms were considered t o satisfy the strict requirements for a human friendly robot concept. An eletromechanical linear mechanism and a position control with force feedback are employed for efficient training method. The proposed control method has been applied t o the rehabilitation robot manipulator and is shown the control efficiency to retain a presetting reduced weight for two legs.

미숙아에서 경구 포도당액, EMLA^(R)크림, 노리개 젖꼭지(pacifiers)의 통증 감소 효과에 대한 비교

윤영훈,노영일,김은영,박상기 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2004 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.29 No.2

Background and Objectives : We compared the pain reducing effect of orally administered glucose with that of EMLA cream and pacifiers during venipuncture in preterm infants. Material and Method : Twenty two preterm infants were included for this study. We performed four methods in al1 preterm infants. First, control group, second, received EMLA cream on the skin, third, received 30% glucose orally administered, and fourth, received pacifiers. Symptoms associated with pain at venipuncture were measured with the Premature Infants Pain Profile (PIPP) scale. Result : Among the subjects, 14 (63.6%) was male, 8 (36.4%) was female. The distribution of gestational age was as follows ; gestational age 30~34 was 2, 32333 was 2, 34-35 was 10, 36-37 was 8. The comparison of PIPP score between groups was as follows : control group was 12.73±2.45, EMLA group was 10. 05±3.59, 30% glucose group was 6.45±2.06, pacifiers group was 9.18±2.32 (P<0.001). The percentage of patients with PIPP score above 12 was as follows : control group was 68.5%, EMLA group was 31.8%, 30% glucose group was 0%, pacifiers group was 14.5%. The mean heart rate change between before and after venipuncture was as follows : control group was 22.32±4.09, EMLA group was 31.91±3.53, 30% glucose group was 7.00±4.14, pacifiers group was 9.36±2.15. Conclusion : Our study supports the use of oral glucose, EMLA, and pacifers is the effective intervention at venipuncture in preterm infants. The most effective method was oral glucose. 목 적 : 미숙아에서 포도당의 경구 투여, 국소 마취 크림인 EMLA^(R)와 노리개 젖꼭지의 통증 감소 효과를 비교하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2003년 3월부터 8월까지 조선대학교 병원 신생아실에 입원한 재태연령 37주 미만의 미숙아를 대상으로 4가지 방법으로 통증 감소를 측정하였다. 제 1 군(대조군)은 아무것도 투여하지 않은 군, 제 2군은 EMLA^(R) 크림을 바른 군, 제 3군은 30% 포도당액을 먹인 군, 마지막 제 4군은 노리개 젖꼭지를 물린 군으 로 나누어서 통증을 감소를 비교하였다. 통증의 평가는 PIPP 점수와 최고 심장 박동수의 변화를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 1. PIPP 접수 비교 대상아이의 PIPP 점수를 보면 대조군 12.73±2.45, EMLA^(R) 크림군 10.05±3.59, 30% 포도당군 6.45♀2.06, 노리개 젖꼭지군이 9.18±2.32로 대조군에 비해서 다른 군들이 유의하게 낮았다(모두, P<0.001). 30% 포도당군이 EMLA^(R) 크림군의 PIPP 접수에 비해 유의하게 낮았으며 (P<0.05), 노리개 젖꼭지군의 PIPP 점수에 비해서도 유의하게 낮았다(P<0.05). 2. 통증을 느끼는 PIPP 6점 이상 비율의 비교 통증을 느끼는 PIPP 6점 이상의 비율을 비교하면 대조군 100% (22명), EMLA^(R) 크림군 86% (19명), 30% 포도당군 50% (11명), 노리개 젖꼭지군은 90% (20명) 으로 30% 포도당군에서 가장 낮았다. 3. 심한 통증을 느끼는 PIPP 12점 이상 비율 비교 심한 통증을 느끼는 PIPP 12점 이상의 비율을 비교하면 대조군 68.6% (15명), EMLA^(R) 크림군 31.8% (7명), 30% 포도당군 0% (0명), 노리개 젖꼭지군은 14.5% (1명) 으로 30% 포도당군이 가장 낮았다. 4. 최고 심장 박동수의 변화 비교 최고 심장 박동수의 증가를 비교하면 대조군 22.32±4.09, EMLA^(R) 크림군 13.91±3.53, 30% 포도당군 7.00±4.14, 노리개 젖꼭지군이 9.36±2.15로 대조군에 비해서 다른 군들이 유의하게 낮은 증가를 보였다(모두, P<0.001). 30% 포도당군의 최고 심장 박동수의 증가가 EMLA^(R) 크림군에 비해 유의하게 낮았으나(P<0.001), 노리개 젖꼭지군과 비교하면 두 군간의 유의한 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 결 론 : 미숙아에서 통증의 감소에 EMLA^(R) 크림, 포도당액의 경구 투여, 노리개 젖꼭지가 효과가 있었으며, 포도당액의 경구 투여의 경우에는 빠른 시간에 효과가 나타나서, 이용이 용이할 것 같다.

태권도 도장 교육환경에 대한 학부모의 만족도 조사연구

윤상화,정백수 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 2003 武道硏究所誌 Vol.14 No.1

The objective of the present study is to investigate parents' satisfaction with taekwondo halls with regard facilities, size, safety, cleanliness, the disposition of the coach (director), management and educational aspects, aiming at increasing the membership of taekwondo halls, improving the health of members, and ultimately developing taekwondo as a sound living sport contributing to education, cultivation of good personality and the improvement of school records. This study selected 8 taekwondo halls under the supervision of Gyeongsangbuk-do Taekwondo Association and run by graduates of Yongin University, all of which were in Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and sampled parents of higher grade (4^(th), 5^(th), 6^(th) year) elementary school students who were attending the taekwondo hall. The present researcher prepared the tool used in this study by modifying questionnaires used in previous researches, Evaluation of Taekwondo Halls in Seoul pun, Sang-hwa, 1998) and Comparative Analysis of the Image of Middle School Teachers Expected in Korea and Japan (Lee, Mu-sun, 1994), Current State of Educational Environment and Its Improvement &m, Ok-ju, 1997). The questionnaire consists of a total of 35 questions, 5 about background variables, 5 above size and facilities, 5 about safety and cleanliness, 10 about the disposition and specialty of the coach (director), and 15 about satisfaction with management and educational aspects. The present study was carried out for about 3 months from November 2002 to January 2003. The number of questionnaires recovered from the 8 halls was 424. Excluding insincere replies, 283 of them were used in data analysis, for which SPSS WIN 10.0 was used. Frequency analysis was performed for all items, cross analysis was for each question according to the background variables of parents' satisfaction with the educational environment of taekwondo halls, and chi-square test was for testing the significance among groups. The significance level for the analysis was 5%. From the research methods and processes presented above, this study drew the following conclusions. 1) Parents' satisfaction with size and facilities With regard to parents satisfaction with the size and facilities of taekwondo halls by the gender of trainees, 7.7% of the parents replied Not Satisfied , 42.7% Moderately Satisfied , and 51.4% Satisfied , so as a whole, parents were satisfied with the size of taekwondo halls. Parents' satisfaction with the floor condition of taekwondo halls by gender, age, academic qualification and the length of training was 32.9% as a whole, so it was urgently required to improve the facilities of taekwondo halls. 2) Parents' satisfaction with safety and cleanliness With regard to parents' satisfaction with the safety and the cleanliness of taekwondo halls by parents' age, 6.8% of parents replied Not Satisfied , 45.4% Moderately Satisfied , and 47.1% Satisfied , so as a whole, parents were satisfied with the safety and the cleanliness of taekwondo halls. Parents' satisfaction with the safety of hall bus operation by gender, age, academic qualification, and the length of training was 64.5% as a whole, so they were relatively satisfied with the safety of hall bus operation. However, with regard to parents' satisfaction with fire prevention facilities by gender, age, academic qualification, and the length of training, 62.5% of the parents replied Not satisfied , so fire prevention facilities in taekwondo halls appeared inadequate. With regard to parents satisfaction with the cleanliness of the inside of taekwondo halls by gender, age, academic qualification, and the length of training, 36.4% of the parents replied Not Satisfied , so they appeared not satisfied with the cleanliness of the indoor environment of taekwondo halls. 3) Parents' satisfaction with the disposition and specialty of coaches (directors) With regard to parents' satisfaction with the kindness of coaches by gender, age, academic qualification, and the length of training, 89% of the parents replied positively. In addition replies to questions about coaches fairness, ***, leadership, *** and service spirit showed that most parents appeared to be satisfied with the coaches of taekwondo halls in terms of these characters. 4) Parents' satisfaction with management and educational aspects According to parents' replies to the question, Are trainees' problems well managed by the hall?, by gender, age, academic qualification, and the length of training. 36.4% of the parents were not satisfied, so the level of satisfaction was somewhat low. With regard to parents' satisfaction concerning the question, Did you receive a phone call for confirmation when ***', 20.1% of the parents answered 'No', so their satisfaction appeared to be somewhat low. With regard to parents' satisfaction concerning the question, Are children properly given personality education during training?, by the length of training, 81.6% of parents answered positively. However, with regard to parents' satisfaction with health and hygienic management by academic qualification, 37.7% of the parents replied 'Unsatisfied'. These results suggest that taekwondo halls must improve their facilities, safety, cleanliness and management.

편평 사마귀

윤상노,김영근 한국의학사 1993 診斷과治療 Vol.13 No.3