보건소 건강증진사업 수행과정의 질 평가

서영준,정애숙,박태선,김주경,박남수,이희원 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2003 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.20 No.1

This study purports to assess the process quality of health promotion programs at public health centers. The sample used in this study consisted of 242 public health centers in South Korea. Data was collected with self-administered questionnaires between September. 3rd to September. 23rd in 2002. The 95 returned questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS 11.0 version. The major findings are as follows; There is a need to improve (1) a procedure for reviewing and analyzing strategic planning, (2) the quality of the staff in charge of program management, (3) the function of planning and training for monitoring and evaluation, (4) the ability of program managers in advising and consulting with clients, and (5) a procedure for organizing resources and information. In conclusion, in order to improve the process quality of health promotion programs at public health centers, integrated support from various institutions such as public health centers, community, regional and national health authorities and administrative departments is required.

화학환원법을 이용한 Ag 나노분말의 합성

서원식,김태환,성재석,송기창 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.42 No.1

화학환원법을 이용하여 AgNO_(3) 수용액에 환원제를 첨가시키는 방법으로 Ag분말을 제조하였으며, 이 과정 중 환원제의 종류 변화(N_(2)H_(4), NaBH_(4))가 얻어진 분말의 특성 변화에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 또한 분말합성 과정 중 계면활성제(Tween20)를 수용액에 첨가하여 계면활성제가 분말의 특성에 미치는 영향도 살펴보았다. 제조된 분말의 SEM 측정결과 환원제로 sodium borohydride(NaBH_(4))를 사용하면서 제조된 Ag 분말의 크기는 약 0.3㎛인 반면 hydrazine(N_(2)H_(4))을 사용하여 제조된 분말의 크기는 약 1㎛로 sodium borohydride를 사용해 제조한 분말의 크기가 더 작고 고른 크기 분포를 보였다. 또 환원제로써 hydrazine을 사용시 계면활성제를 첨가하여 제조된 Ag 나노분말의 크기는 50nm정도로 계면활성제를 첨가하지 않고 제조된 분말보다(1㎛) 입자의 크기가 더 작고 균일한 입도 분포를 나타내었다. Silver powders were prepared by chemical reduction method using reductants in AgNO_(3) aqueous solution. The effect of the type of reductants(N_(2)H_(4), NaBH_(4)) was investigated on the properties of the obtained powders. In addition, the effect of the addition of asurfactant(Tween 20) during particle synthesis was studied. The Ag powders prepared using the sodium borohydride as a reductant were found to be 0.3㎛ in particle diameter, while those using the hydrazine showed 1㎛ in particle diameter. The mean particle size of Ag nanopowders, prepared by the addition of Tween 20 as a surfactant, was 50㎚, which is smaller than 1㎛ powders formed without the surfactant.

가열로의 열적해석 및 설계인자에 관한 연구

서용석,강성규,박원희,민동호,김태국 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1998 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.28 No.-

본 연구에서는 3차원 정육면체 가열로 내의 전도-대류-복사 복합열전달 특서을 해석하였으며, 연소가스의 유입속도, 벽면의 반사율과 매체의 흡수계수 등과 같은 인자들의 변화에 따른 영향을 살펴보았다. 가열로의 벽면들은 단열되어 있고 가열로 내부로 일정한 온도의 연소가스가 유입될 때 시스템 내부의 온도는 유입 온도와 비슷하게 균일한 온도 분포를 갖는 것으로 예측할 수 있었다. 유입 속도가 증가하더라도 가열로 내부의 온도에는 거의 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 가열로는 유입되는 연소가스의 흡수계수가 증가할수록 가열로 내부의 온도는 보다 균일하게 된다. 또한, 가열로 내부 벽의 반사율이 커질수록 벽의 온도는 감소하고 또한 벽면에 작용하는 유효복사열유속은 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 해석 결과로부터 가열로 내부의 온도 분포는 매체의 흡수계수가 클수록 그리고, 벽면 반사율이 작을수록 일정하게 유지될 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 이러한 결과들을 종합하여 볼 때 가열로의 설계 시 일정한 열의 유입과 가열로를 단열시키는 것이 중요하며, 그리고 매체의 흡수 계수를 크게 하고, 그리고 벽면의 반사율을 작게 하는 것은 가열로 내부의 온도를 일정하게 유지할 수 있는 중요한 조건이 된다는 것을 알 수가 있었다.

임플란트 보철물에서 임시 접착용 시멘트의 인장결합강도 비교

서경숙,권태엽,권용훈,김교한 大韓齒科器材學會 2003 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.30 No.4

The major disadvantage of cement-retained implant-supported superstructure is difficulty of retrievability. Sometimes, it is recommended that proetheses be provisionally cemented to implant abutment in order to ebaluate occlusion, screw loosening and tissue reaction. The retention of the provisional luting cementedusually employed in this case is considered to be important. This study compared tensile bond strength of gold crowns cemented to machined titanium implant abutments with three provisional luting cements. Also the effect of petrolatum and thermocycling on tensile bond stength were evaluated. Tensile bond strength of provisional luting cement were as follows with the decreasing order of Eugenol (13.06±1.544 kgf), Temp-Bond (9.41±0.737 kgf), Cavex (8.04±0.974 kgf), and Temp-bond with petrolatum (5.28±0.800 kgf). The addition of petrolatum in Temp-bond decreased tensile bond strength significantly (p<0.01). After thermocycling of 1,500 cycles, the tensile bond strengths of the cements were decreased with the order of Nogenol (10.87±3.031 kgf), Temp-Bond (8.1±0.667 kgf), Cavex (7.33±1.103 kgf), Temp-bond with petrolatum (4.88±1.348 kgf). The mocycling decreased the bond strength of Temp-Bond significantly, with no effects no other cements (p<0.01).

산지간 출하전략과 시장성과의 비교

위태석,이병서,황규석 한국식품유통학회 2003 食品流通硏究 Vol.20 No.3

This paper intends to find out the establishment possibility of competition superiority based on vegetable's selling conditions by analyzing the marketing behavior regarding the selling conditions and the middlemen's reaction to the producer's marketing behavior. And the survey on the middlemen indicates that the producer's selling conditions, as well as vegetable's quality itself, are regarded as an important factor when middlemen make a purchasing decision in the wholesale market. And the comparative analysis on the selling profits also shows that Nagano Prefecture has a competitive edge over Iwate Prefecture in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Wholesale Markets where two are competing for lettuce market. Finally, the middlemen have a preference for Nagano' selling conditions rather than Iwate's ones overly. The results of this study tell us that the competitive strategy behavior in term of selling conditions in the producing district is making a success to some extent.

그람양성구균에 대한 Teicoplanin과 Vancomycin의 시험관내 항균력

최태열,김경숙,전용관,서일혜,김정욱,이웅수,안정열,김홍석,정재용,최효선,김덕언,유진우 대한감염학회 1994 감염 Vol.26 No.1

An increasing frequency of methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA), methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS) and Enterococcal infection have been observed in recent years. Teicoplanin is a new glycopeptide antibiotic obstained from the Actinoplanes teicomycetius. The molecular structure and spectrum of antimicrobial activity of teicoplanin is simillar to those of vancomycin, and has been reported to have an excellent in vitro and in vivo effect against various gram-positive infections. Therefore, we evaluated the in vitor susceptibility of gram positive cocci, such as, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococci(CNS), and Enterococci to teicoplanin and vancomycin. The total 253 strains consisted of MSSA(40), MRSA(53), MSCNS(47), MRCNS(48), and Enterococci(65). They were assayed by disc diffusion and agar dilution. During the study, 57% of S. aureus and 49% of CNS showed resistance to methicillin. The inhibitory diameter of teicoplanin was 15-20mm in MSSA, 12-19mm in MRSA, 13-24mm in MSCNS, 11-23mm in MRCNS, and 15-22mm in Enterococci respectively, and showed sensitivity in all but 8 strains(3.2%). The range of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of teicoplanin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS and Enterococci were 9.12-2.0㎍/ml, 0.25-2.0㎍/ml, & 0.25-32㎍/ml, 0.12-1.0㎍/ml respectively. One case of S. haemolyticus was resistant to teicoplanin (32㎍/ml) by the agar dilution method. Eight minor (3.2%) and one major(0.4%) error was observed when the MIC and disk diffusion data were correlated with teicoplanin. As for vancomycin the inhibitory diameter was 17-21mm in MSSA, 15-21mm in MRSA, 18-26mm in MSCNS, 18-25mm in MRCNS, and 16-22mm in Enterococci respectively. The range of the MIC of vancomycin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS, and Enterococci were 0.25-1.0㎍/ml, 0.25-4.0㎍/ml, 0.5-2.0㎍/ml and 0.5-2.0㎍/ml respectively. One minor error (0.4%) was seen with the vancomycin disk. The MIC90 of MSSA and MRSA exhibited the same results in teicoplanin (1.0㎍/ml, 1.0㎍/ml), and vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). MSCNS and MRCNS exhibited greater MIC90 with teicoplanin(4.0㎍/ml, 8.0㎍/ml) than vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). Incontrase Enterococci were more susceptible to teicoplanin(0.5㎍/ml) than to vancomucin (2.0㎍/ml). Results from this analysis indicated that both teicoplanin and vancomycin were very excellent for gram positive infections, especially those resistant to methicillin.

근관 전색재의 방사선 불투과성에 관한 비교연구

김태민,김서경,황인남,황윤찬,강병철,윤숙자,이재서,오원만 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.1

This study was performed to assess the radiopacity of a variety of root canal sealers according to the Specification concerning root canal sealers. Ten materials including Tubli-Seal™, Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer™, AH 26^(R), AH plus^(R), AH plus jet™, Ad seal™, Sealapex™, NOGENOU™, ZOB seal™, Epiphany™, and dentin were evaluated in this study. In the first part. densitometric reading of an each step of aluminum step wedge on occlusal film was performed at different voltage and exposure time. In the second part, ten specimens were radiographed simultaneously with an aluminum step wedges on the occlusal films under decided condition. The mean radiographic density values of the materials were transformed into radiopacity expressed equivalent thickness of aluminum (mm Al). The following results were obtained 1 Among the various conditions, the appropriate voltage and exposure time that meet the requirement density was 60 kVp at 0.2 s 2 All of the materials had greater radiopacity than 3 mm Al requirement of ANSI/ADA specification No. 57 (2000) and ISO No. 6876 (2001) standards. 3 The radiopacity of materials increased as thickness of materials increased. 4 The mm Al value of each specimen at 1mm in thickness has a significant difference in the statistics. It suggests that root canal sealers have a sufficient radiopacity that meet the requirement. 다양한 근관전색제는 방사선 사진상 주위 해부학적 구조와 구별될 만한 방사선 불투과성을 나타내야 한다 따라서 이런 물질들이 근관에 충전될 때의 방사선 불투과성 정도를 평가해야 할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 다양한 근관전색제들의 방사선 불투과성을 평가하고자, 방사선 노출조건에 따른 aluminium step wedge에 대한 광학 밀도를 알아보고, 그 중 적절한 노출조건을 선택하여 수종의 근관 전색재의 방사선 불투과성 정도를 알루미늄 두께로 환산하여 비교해 보고자 한다. 방사선 불투과성의 기준을 위해 11개의 step으로 구성된 aluminum step wedge을 사용하여, 60kVP, 70kVp관전압 상태에서 각각 0.2, 0.3, 0.4초 그리고 0.2, 0.3, 0.33초의 꼭 노출시간으로 교합필름상에서 방사선 촬영후 적절한 노출 조건을 구하였다. 직경 5mm 각각의 두께 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mm인 10종 (Tubli-Seal™, Kerr pulp Canal Sealer™, AH26^(R), AHplus^(R), AH plus jet starter kit™, Ad seal™, Sealapex™, Nogenol root canal sealer™, ZOB seal™, Epiphany™)의 근관전색재 시편을 각 재료와 두께당 10개씩 제작한 후, 동일한 두께의 상아질 시편, aluminum step wedge와 함께 정해진 노출시간에 따라 방사선 촬영을 하였다. 모든 필름은 자동현상기로 현상하였다. 시편의 방사선 흑화도를 densitometer로 5회 반복 측정 후, 평균값을 구하여 알루미눔 두께로 환산하였다.얻어진 정보를 분석하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1 관전압 60 kVp에서 노출시간 0.2, 0.3, 0.4초, 70 kVp에서 0.2, 0.3, 0.33초로 변화를 주어 방사선 촬영을 하였을 때 흑화도가 ISO No. 6876 규격에 가장 적합한 것은 60 kVP, 0.2초 일 경우였다. 2 측정된 근관 전색제의 방사선 불투과성은 2.29 mm Al (N0GEN0L)로부터 13.69 mm Al (AH Plus jet)까지 다양하게 나타났으나, 모두 ANSI/ADA specification (2000) 또는 ISO No. 6876 (2001) 규격이 제시한 최소한 3mm Al 이상의 방사선 불투과성을 지녀야 한다는 기준에 적합하였다. 3 재료의 두께가 증가할수록 방사선 불투과성은 증가하지만, 정비례하지는 않았다. 4 각 실험재료의 1 mm 두께의 시편에 대한 mm Al값들은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이상의 결과는 본 실험에 사용된 수종의 근관 전색재는 모든 규격에 적합한 방사선 불투과성을 가지고 있음을 시사한다.

폐실질내의 주변형 결절로 나타난 소세포성 폐암의 CT 소견

이태희,최요원,전석철,서흥석,함창곡,박충기 한양대학교 의과대학 1998 한양의대 학술지 Vol.18 No.2

We evaluated CT findings of the small cell carninoma, which presented as a solitary pulmonary nodule at the periphery of the lung parenchyma. Of pathologically-proven 45 patients with small cell carcinoma, 10 patients was included in this study, who had a solitary, peripheral lung nodule at distal portion of the subsegmental bronchus. We retrospectively reviewed clinical data and CT findings including size, location, margin, enhancement pattern, lymph node enlargement, metastasis. Peripheral small cell carcinomas were 22.2%(10/45). All masses had well-defined margin and lobulated margin was seen in 7 patients. Mean diameter was 3.8cm (2.5-7.0cm). Enhancement pattern were homogeneous in 3 cases and inhomogeneous in seven. Calcification or air-bronchogram was not present, and focal cavitation was seen in one case. In five, only lung mass was present, and lung mass with lymph node enlargement was seen in one. distant metastasis without lymph node enlargement was noted on two patients and another two patients showed lymph node enlargement and distant metastasis. Peripheral small cell carcinoma is not rare(22.2%). Most frequent CT finding is a well-defined, lobulated mass with inhomogeneous enhancement, these findings would be helpful in differentiating small cell carcinoma from other neuroendocrine tumors when differentiataion is difficult cytologically.

인천 인현동 호프집 화재 피해자 분석

최정태,안무업,안희철,최영미,정재봉,서정열,유기철,이삼우,박석현,조준휘,김성환,김아진,송근정 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Purpose : This study was conducted to develop field triage, transportation, distribution, and prehospital care at a fire disaster by analyzing the victims of the fore that broke out at a bar in Incheon. Method : We analyzed the cases of the victims of a fire in Incheon in Oct. 1999. We determined the primary care hospital, the arrival time, the burn size, the outcome, and the injury type from the medical records, the concerned organ records, and interviews with concerned persons. Result : The total number of victims was 137: 56 prehospital deaths, 1 hospital death, and 80 survivals. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the burn size and the severity was -0.175. There were 121(89.6%) cases of inhalation injury, 59 (43.7%) cases of flame burns, 66 (48.9%) cases of hypoxic brain damage, and 16 (11.9%) cases involving other types of injury. Conclusion : The causes of death of the fire victims were inhalation injury and hypoxic brain damage due to CO poisoning and other toxic inhalants. We propose the use of a simple triage and rapid treatment(START) system and a reassessment the delayed category in fire disasters.

일본의 도매시장법 개정과 시사점

위태석,이병서,황규석 한국식품유통학회 2004 食品流通硏究 Vol.21 No.1

For the last few years, the wholesale market system in Japan has been experiencing a lot of changes in the related sectors. The greatest changes in the environments surrounding the wholesale market were enlargement of the producers' cooperatives, increase of agricultural products marketed in the outside of the wholesale market system, and management aggravation of the related businessmen. These changes resulted in the revision of the Wholesale Market Law in 1999 to cope with the social needs successfully. Major purposes of the revision of the law would be summarized as follows : 1. To improve management ability of the related businessman 2. To improve dealing method in the Central Wholesale Market 3. To promote reorganization of the wholesale market