판막 질환에서의 심근 섬유화 : 심근 조직을 이용한 형태학적 연구 및 혈청 생화학적 지표의 분석

강수진,박덕우,송재관,박경민,송종민,강덕현,한기훈,송현,이재원,주석중,송명근,김정선 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.2

확장 부울 여파기의 성질 분석에 관한 연구

송종관 慶星大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.1

In the previous study on ETBF(extended threshold Boolean filter), it is shown that a subclass of ETBFs, which are self-dual ETBFs can be expressed as a weighted average of median subfiltered outputs. In this paper, the ETBF is extended for real-valued input. Using this result, the scale-preservation and translation-invariance properties of the ETBFs are investigated. In particular, it is shown that the ETBFs are scale-preserving if and only if it is extended self-dual.

이동전화 음성 부호화기의 개선

송종관 경성대학교 생산기술연구소 1997 생산기술연구지 Vol.4 No.-

CDMA 이동전화 시스템에서는 현재 음성 부호화방식으로 QCELP(Qualcomm Code Excited Linear Prediction)를 적용하고 있다. QUELP의 가변율 결정 방식은 신호의 레벨을 주변 잡음에 대한 추정치와 비교하여 전송율을 결정한다. 본 논문에서는 QUELP의 가변율 결정 알고리즘의 동작 원리를 살펴보고, 입력 신호가 비음성 신호의 경우 가변율 결정 알고리즘의 오동작 가능성 및 그 개선책에 대하여 논의한다.

관동맥연축의 비침습적 진단에 있어 Ergonovine Echocardiogrpahy의 유용성

송재관,박성욱,김재중,두영철,김원호,박승정,이종구 울산대학교 의과대학 1992 울산의대학술지 Vol.1 No.1

관동맥연축의 비침습적인 진단방법의 확립은 침습적인 관동맥조영술 및 연축유발검사에 비해 반복적용이 가능한 이론적인 장점이 있어 선별검사(screening test)로서의 기능뿐만 아니라 치료로 이용되는 약물의 효과비교 및 추적검사를 통한 관동맥연축의 임상ㄹ활동도 평가등에 손쉽게 이용될 수 있으라라 예상된다. 이에 저자들은 ergonovine 투여시 기록된 좌심실벽운동장애 유무가 갖는 관동맥연축에 의한 심근허혈의 진단적 가치를 평가하기 위해 Beside Ergonovine Echocardiography Test를 시행하였다. 관동맥조영술 및 연축유발검사에서 변이형협심증으로 증명된 30명(남자 27명, 평균연령 54세)과 비특이적인 흉통질환군 20명(여자 12명, 평균연령 55세)을 대상으로 관동맥조영술 다음날 ergonovine test를 시행하였다. 운동부하검사가 음성인 환자들을 대상으로 6시간 공복시킨 뒤 앙와위에서 상지정맥을 통하여 25-50microgram(이하 mcg)을 5뷴 간격으로 투여하여 흉통의 유무, 심전도 및 이면성심초음파를 5분마다 기록하였으며 총투여량이 350mcg에 도달하거나 양성반응을 보이는 경우 nitroglycerin 250mcg 정주 및 설하투여로 종료하였다. 좌심실벽운동의 분석은 side-by-side continuous cine-loop display가 가능한 QUAD screen 방법으로 판별하였다. 가역적인 심전도 변화나 국소적인 심실벽운동장애가 유발되는 경우를 양성으로 판정하였다. Ergonovine Echocardiography의 전체 민감도는 90%, 특이도는 100%로 동시에 기록된 심전도 변화의 민감도(73%)보다 높았으며 특히 흉통이 있으나 심전도 변화가 전혀 없었던 5례 모두에서 좌심실벽운동장애가 관찰되어 본 검사법의 우월성을 확인할 수 있었다. 양성반응을 보인 ergonovine 평균 투여량이 173±95mcg 이었으며 흉통발작의 빈도를 기준으로한 임상활동도가 높은 경우 활동도가 낮은 군에 비해 양성반응을 의한 총 ergonovine 투여량이 적었으며(123±86 vs 213±83mcg, p<0.01) 관동맥협착이 연축에 동반되어 있는 경우 정상 관동맥에 연축이 있는 경우보다 민감도가 더 높았다(100% va 60%, P=0.02). Ergonovine 투여로 혈압은 기저치 보다 약 17%정도 증가되었으나 맥박수는 큰 변화를 나타내지 않아 안전하게 시행될수 있었으며 오심, 두통, 견갑부통증, 심실기외수축, 방실차단 등이 소수례에서 관찰되었으나 검사로 인한 사망례는 없었다. Ergonovine 주입후 기록된 좌심실벽운동동장애는 심전도 변화보다 더 민감하게 관동맥연축에 의한 심근허혈을 진단할 수 있었으며 Ergonovine Echocardiography는 운동부하검사 등으로 심한 관동맥협착이 배제된 선별된 흉통환자들에서 관동맥연축의 진단에 안전하게 시행될 수 있는 민감하고 특이도가 높은 검사방법이며 변이형협심증의 임상활동도와 관동맥협착의 동반유무가 본 검사법의 결과에 영향을 미칠 수 있으리라 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility of bedside intravenous ergonovine test with echocardiography as a noninvasive diagnostic method for coronary vasospasm. Bedside ergonovine test was performed in 50 patients with chest pain one day after coronary angiography with spasm provocation test;30 patients showed positive results of provocation test while in 20 patients there was no evidence of coronary vasospasm. A bolus of ergonovine maleate(.025 or .05mg) was injected at 5 min intervals up to total cumulative dosage of 0.35mg, and 12-leads ECG and 2-D Echo were recorded every 3min after each injection. Left ventricular wall motion was analyzed with a commercially available ' QUAD' system. The positive criteria of beside ergonovine test included reversible ST segment elevation or depression, T wave changes in ECG(ECG criteria) and reversible regional wall motion abnormalities(RWMA) in Echo(Echo criteria). The overall sensitivity and specificity of ECG criteria were 73%(22/30) and 100% respectively ; The sensitivity of Echo criteria increased up to 90%(27/30) without the change of the specificity. Among 22 patients with reversible ECG changes only 73%(16/22) showed typical ST segment elevation while ST depression was recorded in 2 patients(9%) and minor T wave peaking or flattening without ST segment displacement in 4 patients(18%). Concomitant fixed coronary lesion does increase the sensitivity of the test compared to pure coronary vasospasm with ECG criteria(100% vs 60%, p<0.05). Mean does of ergonovine with positive results was 173±95 microgram(mcg) and the amount of does of ergonovine for positive result was significantly larger in patients with low disease activity (chest pain <5times/자) than those with high disease activity(213±83 vs 123±86mcg, p<0.01). There was no procedure related mortality or fatal arrhythmias. Ergonovine echocardiography is a highly sensitive and specific test for coronary vasospasm and is safe in selected patients in whom the exercise test is negative and severe fixed coronary artery disease has been excluded. Presence of concomitant fixed coronary artery disease and the degree of clinical activity of coronary vasospasm may influence the results of this test.

林悌 漢詩의 思想性과 浪漫性 考察

宋鍾官 영남대학교 민족문화연구소 2002 민족문화논총 Vol.25 No.-

The purpose of this study is to research notion and romanticism of chinese poems of Lim Je. This way, I wanted to testify his conception of writer as an historical person and to testify his real feature through the beauty of his writings. Especially with poems of beautiful mind, I wanted to extract expressive beauty only from the poems with their subject as kisaeng, escaping from existing studies with simple materials. Discussions were as follows; First, there prevailed social absurdity like disorder of politics, drought, starvation, tax, extortion, wandering, excessive labor, military service, poverty, covetous officials and contradiction of social station systems. He was born is this age and had a bureaucratic life not joining any parties. Therefore, he showed romantic, lyric and resistant poem world. Second, I researched his notion to testify his concept of beauty of Chinese poems. Therefore I confirmed his notion of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. He showed Confucian concept on the basis of individual experience escaping from conception. In the writings expressed Buddhism, he wanted to show pure mind escaping from dirty world. He pursued spiritual shelter in an old buddha, and it means free expression of mind and is interpreted as criticism and resisting mind against real world by denying human condition of lives. Third, I confirmed his personality and concept of history in 'poetic objects and romanticism.' It is different from the concept of general Confucianists in 16C. It is this point on which his romantic feature is emphasized. (1) I could confirm his poetic attitude like wandering disposition, absorption into pure natural beauty, co-existence of self-reflection and speaker facing poetic attitude in 'discovery of natural beauty and lyric fulfillment.' He showed specific character by connecting internal reflection directly from concept of creative activity and literature of Taoism. Above all, concurrent of natural beauty and lyric fulfillment is underlined. (2) He recognized reality and made it as a vehicle to self-reflection in 'reality recognition and resisting romanticism.' In other words, he recognized his situation of real self objectively, and he showed confronting conception against reality by accusing contradiction and absurdity in his age. And through his works derived from romanticism included in lyric mind, I could find his recognition on his concept for the reality. (3) I studied on the works with tranquility, funeral poem, love, divorce, difficulty, hardship and good expression in 'poetic experience and routine work of beautiful mind.' He made himself as 'female speaker' not only to his poetic objects(kisaeng) but also to other person(kisaeng)'s poetic objects. His convert as female speaker is understood as a random reflection to his poetic objects, and a natural poetic attitude from poetic emotion.

유구치 와동형성이 아말감 파절에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

하대송,김종관,이종갑 大韓小兒齒科學會 1984 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.11 No.1

In this experiments, the fracture loads were measured and analysed by using of Instron universal testing machine (Model 1132). With 80 upper and lower deciduous molars that were free of dental caries. Isthmus of teeth were prepared to 1/3 and 1/4 of intercuspal width, and internal line angles with round and sharp shape, and then amalgam restoration were performed. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Resistance to fracture loads were greater with isthmus of 1/3 intercuspal width than of 1/4 intercuspal width, especially, statistically significant difference on upper and lower second deciduous molars. 2. Resistance to fracture loads were greater with rounded internal line angle than sharp internal line angle. The above results were as follows, the fracture loads had greater resistance on isthmus of 1/3 intercuspal width, and rounded internal line angle, but normal physiological occlusal forces could permit isthmus of 1/4 intercuspal width and rounded internal line angle.

기어의 백래쉬를 고려한 승용차 조향계의 동특성 연구

김종관,김경석,송상기,정진형 한국공작기계학회 1996 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.5 No.3

The problem related to the rotational vibration at steering wheel end of passenger cars during high speed driving is investigated. To analyze vibration of steering wheel, a steering system of passenger car is modelled in twelve degrees of freedom including backlash effect of rack and pinion gear system. The one degree of freedom system with backlash in investigated by the analytical method . Consequently the skeleton curve and the frequency response curves are computed. The steering system is analyzed by the numerical simulation using the 4th order Runge-Kutta method, the obtained results are compared with the experimental data. Also the effects of the change of rack gear tooth stiffness and backlash on the acceleration level of steering wheel are investigated. As a result, it can be found that the acceleration level of steering wheel becames lower as the rack gear tooth stiffness becames higer, and that acceleration level becames high as the magnitude of backlash between rack and pinion gear increase.

영幼兒養育에 關한 調査

李性寬,宋善祐,尹能基,李學洙,鄭鍾學,C.Kersting 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1973 慶北醫大誌 Vol.14 No.2

There is no doubt that good nutrition for infants relates not only to the health of the individual but also influences the health of the nation. In spite of nutrition's trememdous importance, there is no data available concerning infant nutrition and, moreover, there is no study about the knowledge, attitudes and practies of infant feeding and weaing. Taking into account the fact that most infants in Korea are breast fed, and have a long lactation period, there must be provision for adequate supplemental food at the proper time. The first step in launching a new health program should be the exact evaluation of the present status of infants' feeding diet. This study was designed to collect basic data on the status of infants' nutrition in order that these data might be sued as program organization indicators for the improvement of infant nutrition. The data were obtained through interviewing 726 mothers who registered their children at the Taegu MCH Center's well baby clinic.

광파이버 변위 센서를 이용한 자기베어링 계의 부상 제어

강종규,신우철,송관의,홍준희 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 2003 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

Five expensive sensors are necessary to control a magnetic bearing system. The sensor price rate of magnetic bearing system is high. So it is necessary that cheap and good sensor is developed. The optical fiber displacement sensor is adaptive to satisfy this condition. We can design magnetically suspended spindle based on static characteristic of optical fiber displacement sensor developed. The controller can be designed by decoupled feedback PD. Therefore, it is simpler than any other controller comparatively.

급성 심근경색후 생존심근 진단에서 Dobutamine 심초음파도와 Thallium 심근스캔의 정확성 비교

이근,강덕현,송재관,이철환,최기준,홍명기,김재중,박성욱,박종훈,박승정 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.2