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TRISO 피복 입자에서 증착 조건이 탄화규소층의 특성에 미치는 영향
박종훈,김원주,박정남,박경환,박지연,이영우,Park, J.H.,Kim, W.J.,Park, J.N.,Park, K.H.,Park, J.Y.,Lee, Y.W. 한국재료학회 2007 한국재료학회지 Vol.17 No.3
TRISO coatings on $ZrO_{2}$ surrogate kernels were conducted by a fluidized-bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) method. Effects of the deposition temperature and the gas flow rate on the properties of SiC layer were investigated in the TRISO-coated particles. Deposition rate of the SiC layer decreased as the deposition temperature increased in the temperature range of $1460^{\circ}-1550^{\circ}C$. At the deposition temperature of $1550^{\circ}C$ the SiC layer contained an excess carbon, whereas the SiC layers had stoichiometric compositions at $1460^{\circ}C\;and\;1500^{\circ}C$. Hardness and elastic modulus measured by a nanoindentation method were the highest in the SiC layer deposited at $1500^{\circ}C$. The SiC layer deposited at the gas flow rate of 4000 sccm exhibited a high porosity and contained large pores more than $1{\mu}m$, being due to a violent spouting of particles. On the other hand, the SiC layer deposited at 2500 sccm revealed the lowest porosity.
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박종훈,정무관,성연달 한국인사조직학회 2010 인사조직연구 Vol.18 No.2
지배구조에 관한 선행연구에서는 주로 대리인 이론에 기반하여 이사회를 최고경영자의 사적이익 추구행동을 막고, 주주의 이익을 보호하는 존재로 보았다. 따라서, 이들 선행 연구들은 이사회가 본연의 임무를 잘 수행하게 하기 위해서 이사회 영향력을 증대시킬 필요가 있다고 주장하였다. 하지만, 사회정치적 관점에 기반한 선행연구들은 이사회 영향력에 대해서 상이한 견해를 제시하였다. 이들 선행 연구들은 이사회도 다양한 이해관계가 존재하는 집단이기 때문에 이사회가 주주의 이익 대신 이사회 자신이나 다른 이해관계자들의 이익을 위해서 활동할 수도 있다고 주장하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 이사회 영향력이 최고경영자 교체에 미치는 영향에 대하여 기존의 연구에서 주장하는 대리인 이론과 함께 사회정치학적 관점도 고려할 필요가 있는지를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해서, 본 논문에서는 기업성과 및 이사회 영향력이 최고경영자 교체와 어떠한 관계가 있는지를 살펴보고, 기업성과와 이사회 영향력의 상호작용이 미치는 효과에 대해서 연구하였다. 'KOSPI 200'에 속한 기업들을 대상으로 2001년부터 2007년까지의 자료를 바탕으로 실증분석을 실시한 결과, 기업성과가 나쁠수록, 이사회 영향력이 클수록 최고경영자 교체가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 기업성과와 이사회 영향력의 상호작용은 최고경영자 교체와 유의한 정(+)의 관계를 보였다. 두 변수의 상호작용의 효과를 보다 명확하게 파악하기 위하여 기업성과를 기준으로 고성과 집단과 저성과 집단으로 구분하여 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 고성과 집단보다 저성과 집단에서 최고경영자가 교체될 확률이 높았지만, 이사회 영향력이 크고 기업성과가 좋을 경우에는 최고경영자 교체 가능성의 증가가 더욱 크게 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 최고경영자가 주주의 이익을 대변하지 못할 경우에는 교체될 수 있다는 대리인 이론의 주장을 뒷받침함은 물론, 이사회와 최고경영자간의 파워게임의 결과로 최고경영자가 교체될 수 있다는 사회정치학적 이론의 주장 또한 지지하고 있다. 따라서 이사회 영향력이 최고경영자 교체에 미치는 영향을 보다 명확하게 파악하기 위해서는 대리인 이론과 함께 사회정치학적 관점도 고려해야 함을 확인할 수 있었다. The board of directors has long been the subject of research on corporate governance. The most prominent reason for this attention is the belief that the board of directors can significantly affect the interests of shareholders. The board of directors has various functions: control and monitoring, resource acquisition, and service. The board' control and monitoring activity includes selecting and dismissing CEO and other top managers, evaluating their performance, designing their compensation packages, and supervising internal and external auditing; All of these activities are designed to improve firm performance and protect shareholders' interests. However, the board still appears to vary in their effectiveness in making appropriate managerial changes such as CEO turnover by assessing firm performance; we sometimes observe CEO turnovers under high firm performance while CEOs holding the position under poor firm performance. Why is this happening? Does the board of directors always behave for the benefits of shareholders?This study aims to answer those questions based on both the agency and sociopolitical theories, which provide different perspectives on the board's activities. Based on the agency theory, prior studies on corporate governance argued that the board of directors plays an important role in mitigating the agency problem of top managers and protecting the interests of shareholders. Accordingly, they suggested that publically listed corporations should strengthen the influence of the board to appropriately monitor the misbehavior of top management for the benefits of shareholders. However, another stream of prior research that relied on the sociopolitical theory has provided a different perspective from the agency theory regarding the influence of the board. Viewing the board as one of political coalitions in the firm, they argued that board members can make decisions for their benefits rather than for the benefits of shareholders. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to investigate whether the agency theory and the sociopolitical theory are substituted or complemented to each other in the context of CEO turnover by assessing the relationship among firm performance, board's influence and CEO turnover. The firm performance is a key contextual factor in CEO turnover, because poor firm performance signals incompetence of the incumbent CEO. Therefore, when firm performance is poor, board can make a decision that the incompetent CEO is dismissed and new one is named. We therefore expect the following hypothesis: Hypothesis 1: Firm performance is negatively associated with CEO turnover. The board influence can also affect CEO turnover. CEO turnover is often characterized by political manipulations and power struggles. Boards in board-dominated firms often challenge CEOs, and sometimes replace them if necessary. therefore, we expect the following hypothesis: Hypothesis 2: The board influence is positively associated with CEO turnover. This study considers, therefore, two antecedents of CEO turnover such as firm performance and board influence. There exists a controversy about the direction of an interaction effect of firm performance and board influence on CEO turnover. Based on the agency theory, prior researchers argued that the lower the firm performance and the bigger board influence, the higher the likelihood of CEO turnover for shareholder's benefits. Based on the sociopolitical theory, however, the higher firm performance and the bigger board influence, the higher the likelihood of CEO turnover for board members' benefits. Hence, this study examines not only the main effects of both firm performance and board influence on CEO turnover, but also the interaction effect of firm performance and board influence on CEO turnover. Following such an argument, we argue the following hypothesis: Hypothesis 3: Firm performace positively moderates the positive relationship between the board influence and CEO turno...
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박종훈,김명준 대한의사협회 2014 대한의사협회지 Vol.57 No.6
Presbyopia is the progressive reduction in the ability to focus on near objects, and as an age-related condition, theprevalence of presbyopia is expected to increase with the aging of society. A number of corneal surgical procedures areavailable for the treatment of presbyopia, including monovision laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)/ laser-assisted subepithelialkeratomileusis (LASEK), conductive keratoplasty, presbyopic LASIK, and corneal inlay. Implantation of presbyopiacorrectingintraocular lenses (IOLs), such as refractive/diffractive IOLs or accommodating IOLs, is also an option. Despite thevariety of treatment options available, a perfect solution has yet to be developed and patients may present with visual oroptical complications such as halos, glare, or decreased contrast sensitivity. As such, careful selection and customization oftreatment is essential, based on patients’ individual needs and requirements for vision.
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